Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

基于PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路探讨大黄煎剂对轻微型肝性脑病大鼠脑组织炎症损伤的保护机制

目的 探讨大黄煎剂保留灌肠对轻微型肝性脑病(MHE)大鼠模型脑组织炎症损伤的改善作用及可能机制。方法 60只SD雄性大鼠按完全随机方法分为空白组(CON组,n=6)和慢性肝硬化造模组(n=54)。12周后慢性肝硬化造模成功并经Morris水迷宫测试确认符合MHE模型大鼠40只,采用完全随机方法分为模型组(MOD组,n=8)、乳果糖组(LT组,n=8)、大黄煎剂低剂量组(RD1组,n=8)、大黄煎剂中剂量组(RD2组,n=8)和大黄煎剂高剂量组(RD3组,n=8)。其中CON组和MOD组大鼠用生理盐水保留灌肠,2 mL/只,1次/d;LT组大鼠用乳果糖按22.5%剂量保留灌肠,2 mL/只,1次/d;RD1组、RD2组、RD3组大鼠分别用大黄煎剂按2.5、5.0、7.5 g/kg三种剂量保留灌肠,2 mL/只,1次/d。所有大鼠治疗10 d后,进行Morris水迷宫测试,分析大鼠的空间学习记忆能力。分析大鼠行为学状态;检测大鼠血清ALT、AST、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和血氨水平;观察大鼠肝组织和脑组织病理学变化;检测大鼠脑组织磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(AKT)、雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。计量资料多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。结果 与MOD组比较,RD1组、RD2组和RD3组大鼠逃避潜伏期时间显著缩短(P值均<0.01),ALT、AST、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和血氨水平明显降低(P值均<0.05),肝细胞、脑细胞变性、坏死和炎症程度减轻,脑组织PI3K、AKT、mTOR的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均降低(P值均<0.05),且RD3组治疗效果优于RD1组和RD2组。结论 大黄煎剂保留灌肠能够改善MHE大鼠认知功能及脑组织炎症损伤,其作用机制可能与调控PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路有关。

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

大黄煎剂配合人工肝支持系统治疗重型肝炎临床研究

目的:观察中药大黄煎剂合人工肝支持系统治疗重型肝炎的疗效。方法:将86例重型肝炎患者,分为治疗组56例和对照组30例。在综合治疗及人工肝支持系统治疗基础上治疗组加用大黄煎剂灌肠,对照组加用乳果糖灌肠。结果:治疗组对重型肝炎患者肝功能的恢复、减少并发症及清除内毒素症,提高重型肝炎抢救成功率等,显著优于对照组,在降低血氨方面也有较好作用。结论:中医药合人工肝支持系统治疗重型肝炎安全、有效,是值得临床推广的优化治疗方案。

生大黄高位保留灌肠联合生长抑素治疗急性胰腺炎46例

目的观察生大黄高位保留灌肠联合生长抑素治疗急性胰腺炎(AP)的疗效。方法将76例患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,两组均予生长抑素及常规处理,治疗组加用生大黄高位保留灌肠。结果治疗组疗效优于对照组,其症状、体征消失时间及血、尿淀粉酶复常时间及自主排气排便时间亦短于对照组。结论生大黄高位保留灌肠联合生长抑素治疗AP疗效满意,恢复快,具有较好的临床意义,值得推广。

大黄牡丹汤改善DSS诱导的溃疡性结肠炎小鼠炎症状态及其贫血症

目的:研究大黄牡丹汤对葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)小鼠的治疗作用及其相关的贫血症的改善作用。方法:设正常组、模型组、美沙拉嗪组、大黄牡丹汤低剂量组、大黄牡丹汤中剂量组和大黄牡丹汤高剂量组,通过疾病活动指数(DAI)、结肠病理损伤评分、结肠髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)活性、外周血中性粒细胞数量、红细胞总数及血红蛋白含量观察大黄牡丹汤对UC小鼠的治疗效果及对炎症性肠病相关的贫血症的影响。结果:模型组小鼠DAI评分显著升高,结肠横切面显著增厚,大量炎症性细胞浸润,溃疡部位明显,隐窝和肠腺减少,病理组织学评分显著升高,外周血中性粒细胞显著增多,红细胞数减少,血红蛋白含量显著减少。美沙拉秦可降低UC小鼠DAI评分、组织病理学评分,但对UC小鼠结肠增厚、中性粒细胞增多及红细胞及血红蛋白减少作用不明显。大黄牡丹汤个剂量组均能降低DAI评分、组织病理学评分、结肠MPO活性。大黄牡丹汤中剂量组和高剂量组还可显著防止结肠组织增厚,维持其结构的完整,显著抑制外周血中性粒细胞的增多和提高红细胞数及血红蛋白含量。结论:大黄牡丹汤可以改善葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的溃疡性结肠炎小鼠炎症状态及其贫血症。

大黄对幼鼠肝内胆汁淤积的治疗作用

目的:探讨中药大黄对幼鼠肝内胆汁淤积的治疗作用.方法:SD幼鼠90只随机分成大黄治疗组、未治疗组、UD-CA组(熊去氧胆酸,UDCA)、UDCA+D组(熊去氧胆酸联合强的松)、空白对照组;用α-萘异硫氰酸酯(ANIT)灌胃建立幼鼠胆汁淤积性黄疸模型,检测在不同时间段血清TB,DB,ALT,ALP和TBA浓度;制作肝组织标本,进行光镜、电镜组织病理学观察.结果:未治疗组与空白对照组比较,TB和DB均有数十倍的增高.同时未治疗组血清ALT,ALP,TBA浓度与空白对照组比较也有显著性差异(P<0.05),表明成功构建幼鼠胆汁淤积性黄疸模型.大黄治疗组的血清TB,DB,ALT,ALP及TBA值明显低于未治疗组(P<0.05),与治疗对照组比较,中药大黄在退黄、降低ALP,TBA方面优于UDCA和UDCA+强的松;光镜、电镜下大黄治疗组与未治疗组、治疗对照组比较,肝组织病理改变轻微.结论:大黄能明显降低血清中TB,DB,ALT,ALP及TBA浓度,显著降低胆汁酸的毒性作用,抑制肝纤维化.

大黄联合肠内营养对胃癌围手术期外周血TNF-α水平的影响

目的:观察胃癌患者围手术期使用中药大黄和肠内营养对TNF-α水平的影响。方法:将56名胃癌围手术期患者随机分为对照组(A组)20例;肠内营养组(B组)21例;大黄加肠内营养组(C组)15例。A组术后常规补液的同时实施肠外营养支持;B组术后常规补液的同时术后42h始给予肠内营养能全力,一直持续到术后第8天;C组病人术前1天应用大黄10g,术后18、42h分2次各5g。B组和C组术后数日内每天的液体量、热量及氮量不足部分均由肠外途径予以补足。所有研究对象分别于手术前1天、手术后第1、3、7天检测外周血肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor Necrosis Factorα,TNF-α)浓度。结果:各组患者术后均有急性炎性反应的发生,但C组术后第3、7天的TNF-α水平较A有显著下降,术后排气、排便时间和肠鸣音的恢复显著提前。术后的营养指标B组、C组患者间无明显差异。结论:胃癌患者围手术期应用大黄可以有效降低外周血TNF-α水平,缓解手术创伤引起的急性炎性反应,促进术后胃肠道功能恢复,有利于实施术后肠内营养支持。

生大黄辅助治疗重症急性胰腺炎临床疗效研究

目的探讨生大黄治疗重症急性胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法重症急性胰腺炎患者63例,随机分成两组,对照组31例患者采取常规治疗方案,治疗组32例患者在常规治疗方案的基础上给予生大黄浸泡液鼻饲、灌肠治疗。观察两组患者腹痛消失时间、腹胀消失时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、排便时间、住院时间、死亡率。对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果治疗组腹痛消失时间、腹胀消失时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、排便时间、住院时间、死亡率均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论生大黄治疗重症胰腺炎疗效显著,能减少住院时间,降低了住院费用,降低死亡率。

复方大黄液对兔病毒性角膜炎眼房水免疫因子的影响

目的 :观察和分析中药复方大黄液对兔病毒性角膜炎模型眼房水免疫因子的影响。方法 :2 3只日本大耳朵种兔 (雄性 12只 ,雌性 11只 ) ,经戊巴比妥静脉麻醉后 ,用手术刀片刮去角膜上层组织 ,随机分成三组 ,按组滴入 0 .2mlHSV 1病毒 (7只 ,14眼 ) ,FSV病毒 (8只 ,16眼 ) ,对照组 (8只 ,16眼 )。一周后HSV组及FSV组见角膜点状、树枝状浸润灶 ,用荧光素染色确认后 ,按每天 5 .4ml/kg体重 ,以复方大黄液灌胃给药 10d ,对照组则用等量生理盐水灌胃。结果 :与对照组比较 ,HSV Ⅰ及FSV组的眼前房水中干扰素、白介素滴度显著升高 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,白细胞计数及分类值下降(P <0 .0 5 ) ,对照组未见到类似的变化。结论 :对兔HSV Ⅰ或FSV病毒性角膜炎模型眼灌胃复方大黄液 ,能刺激其眼前房干扰素。