The Evaluation Rules in the View of the Rhythmic Gymnastics Judges

The Code of Points （COP） is the evaluation tool of Rhythmic Gymnastics （RG） and contributes to its evolution as sport. This tool is applied in competition by the judges who have a crucial role in the performance evaluation. The aim of this study was to characterize the International judges, their perception of the objectivity of their judgment in competitions and their opinions about the content and the reliability of the Code of Points. 162 international RG judges answered a questionnaire specially designed for this study For the data analysis, non-parametric tests were used. According to the judges, the evaluation of the difficulty component in the individual routines has more subjectivity in the items of Mastery （58.6%） and Dance Steps （55.6%） and is less subjective in the body difficulties of Balance （72.2%）. Concerning the execution, the judges consider that the evaluation of the artistic faults is the most subjective in this domain （64.8%）. Within the artistic faults the items unity of the composition and relation between the Music and the Movements, were those which registered higher significant results for the subjectivity in the evaluation （47.5% and 37.0%, respectively）.

Training session intensity affects plasma redox status in amateur rhythmic gymnasts

Purpose:The aim of this study was to examine systemic responses of oxidant/antioxidant status following 2 training sessions of different intensity in amateur rhythmic gymnasts.Methods:Before the experimental training,10 female gymnasts performed a gradually increased exercise test to assess maximal heart rate,maximal oxygen consumption,and anaerobic threshold.They executed 2 intermittent training sessions separated by 48 h of recovery(48 h-post R):the first was performed at low-moderate intensity(LMI)and the second at high intensity(HI).Blood samples were collected immediately preand post-training and 48 h-post R.Hydroperoxide level(OxL)and total antioxidant capacity(TAC)were photometrically measured.Results:OxL was significantly higher in post-training and 48 h-post R following HI than the same conditions after an LMI session(HI vs.LMI post-training:381.10±46.17(mean±SD)vs.344.18±27.94 Units Carratelli(U.CARR);48 h-post R:412.21±26.61 vs.373.80±36.08 U.CARR).There was no change in TAC between the 2 training sessions investigated.In LMI training,OxL significantly decreased in post-training and increased to reach the baseline at 48 h-post R,whereas TAC increased only at 48 h-post R.In HI training,OxL significantly increased to reach a high oxidative stress 48 h-post R,whereas TAC was lower in post-training than pre-training.Conclusion:The pattern of OxL and TAC levels implies different regulation mechanisms by HI and LMI training sessions.High oxidative stress induced by an HI protocol might be associated with both insufficient TAC and recovery time at 48 h necessary to restore redox balance.

“约定”与“再约定”——对“rhythmic gymnastics”汉译的再思考

中国媒体通常将体育赛事项目中的“体操”与“artistic gymnastics”等同起来,而将“艺术体操”与“rhythmic gymnastics”等同起来。然而,从语言逻辑上来说,这种翻译存在问题。为了避免引起误会,无论从语言自身逻辑自洽角度而言,还是为了实现同国际接轨,都应当将“rhythmic gymnastics”“再约定”译作“韵律体操”,而将“artistic gymnastics”“再约定”译作“艺术体操”,实现语言回归。翻译语言的“约定俗成”不是一劳永逸的。为了实现语言逻辑自洽,翻译语言“约定”之后局部需要“再约定”。翻译核心概念时,应重视语言逻辑问题,既要重视语内连贯,也要重视语际连贯。

Comparing Coordination Abilities of 10-11 Years Old Girls Practicing Basketball and Rhythmic Gymnastic

The words---coordination, coordination abilities and coordination training are getting more and more popular among the coaches in different sports. The rhythm makes the movement logical, easy and correct done. The purpose of this study is to determine any difference between the coordination abilities of 10-11 years old gifts practicing basketball and rhythmic gymnastics. In that study, we have tested 40 girls at the age of 10-11 years practicing basketball and rhythmic gymnastic. We have tested them by 7 coordination tests. The results from the tests have been calculated in math-statistic methods and we have used descriptive statistic and t-test by Student with guaranteed probability Pt 〉 95 %. Ten-eleven old girls practicing rhythmic gymnastic have advantage against the girls practicing basketball in all 7 tests examining coordination abilities. The girls practicing rhythmic gymnastic, guaranteed by statistic, have better results in the balance and rhythmic abilities than the girls practicing basketball game. That statement is showing us that at this age the rhythmic gymnastic or elements from rhythmic gymnastic should be used for developing balance and rhythmic ability, which are very important for the basketball game.

A Perspective on Rhythmic Gymnastics Performance Analysis Powered by Intelligent Fabric

Performance analysis is an important tool for gymnasts and coaches to assess the techniques,strengths,and weaknesses of rhythmic gymnasts during training.To have an accurate insight about the motion and postures can help the optimization of their performance and offer personalized suggestions.However,there are three primary limitations of traditional perfor-mance analysis systems applied in rhythmic gymnastics:(1)Inability to quantify anthropometric data in an imperceptible way,(2)labor-intensive nature of data labeling and analysis,and(3)lack of monitoring of all-round and multi-dimensional perspectives of the target.Thus,an advanced performance analysis system for rhythmic gymnastics is proposed in this paper,powered by intelligent fabric.The system uses intelligent fabric to detect the physiological and anthropometric data of the gymnasts.After a variety of data are collected,the analysis component is implemented by artificial intelligence techniques resulting in behavior recognition,decision-making,and other functions assisting performance improvement.A feasible solution to implementing the analysis component is the use of the hyperdimensional computing technique.In addition,four typical applications are presented to improve training performance.Powered by intelligent fabric,the proposed advanced performance analysis system exhibits the potential to promote innovative technologies for improving training and competi-tive performance,prolonging athletic careers,as well as reducing sports injuries.

STUDY ON THE MENSTRUOUS STATES AND BONE MINERAL STATES IN ELITE RHYTHMIC GYMNASTIC ATHLETES

All of the 20 subjects aged 15-19 years were national elite rhythme gymnastic athletes. They had been trained for 4-10 years, and 13 athletes had sports grade of master sportsman (one of them has not had menes aged 16 years). Their menstruous states were investigated and bone mineral states were determined. The results, indicated that elite rhythmic gymnastic athletes were in a serious condition of menstrual dysfunction. Sixteen athletes were in abnormal minstruation among nineteen athletes, the average was 84. 2%. The mean BMD of these athletes decreased, compared will ordinary people. That was to say the results did not reveal the advantage of sports on bone growth and develpment in atbletes of menstrual disorder which might relate to menstrual dysfuncton. Further analysis made it clear that BMC and BMD of athletes in indefinited menstruation, amenorrhea and menorrhalgia, were significantly lower compared will athletes in eumenorrhea. The results might be taken as a warning to elite athletes of their bad health condition. It is necessary to make further study on exertional menstruous disorder, because part of the female athletes are in abnormal menstruation.

The vital point of the Parameters of Morpho-functional State of Gymnasts for the Assessment of Physical Development at the Stage of Sports Perfection

The article presents the data of the assessment of the physical development and functional state of highly qualifiedgymnasts engaged in rhythmic gymnastics. It was found that high-skilled gymnasts have heterogeneity ofsomatotypes determined according to the B. Heath-J. Carter scheme and heterogeneity of types of autonomousnervous regulation of heart rate variability, systolic, diastolic blood pressure and respiration, determined on thespiroarteriorhythmocardiograph device. Highly qualified gymnasts have vago- and normotonic types of regulationof heart rate variability;normal-sympathetic-and hypersympathicotonic types of regulation of the variability ofsystolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, vagotonic type of regulation of the variability of the respiratoryrhythm. Statistically significant differences gymnasts, successful in the medal standings at the internationalcompetitions and gymnasts participating, but not in high prizes in competitions, consist in the ability to resistfatigue while performing strenuous mental work (differences were revealed in 10-letter “Mental performance” at aconstant speed (p > 0.0001), and 3-letter test (p > 0.001)), data stabilometric test “Target” indicator “Time stabilityon the left foot” (R > 0.039) with the advantage of a high performing gymnasts artists. Fleshed out the possibility ofusing the parameters of the morphofunctional state of gymnasts in training for the qualitative evaluation of thephysical development of gymnasts, evaluation set their sports uniforms indicated the possibility of developing thereference parameters of the morphofunctional status of gymnasts and recommendations on the frequency of thesurvey of morphological and functional status of gymnasts involved in rhythmic gymnastics.

艺术体操训练对大学生身心健康影响的研究--以西安交通大学艺术体操课程为例

在艺术体操课程中,通过表演性艺术体操训练和艺术体操器械训练两方面内容,分析讨论艺术体操训练内容对女大学生身体素质产生的影响,进而达到优化课程结构、引导学生科学锻炼、培养学生终身体育的意识、全面提升大学生身体素质的目的。该研究采用问卷调查法、文献资料法、实验法、测量法等,以西安交通大学大一、大二的85名艺术体操选修课女生为研究对象,进行为期16周的实验研究。研究表明:表演性艺术体操训练内容是提升身心健康的有效手段;混合式教学方法是提升课程参与度的重要一环;艺术体操器械力量训练有助于提高身体素质的发展。

经颅直流电刺激对艺术体操运动员平衡控制能力的影响

目的:探讨经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)对艺术体操运动员平衡控制能力的影响。方法:招募20名国家二级以上艺术体操运动员作为研究对象,随机分为真刺激组(n=10)和假刺激组(n=10)。刺激强度为2 mA,刺激时长为20分钟,刺激位置:阳极位于双侧初级运动皮层,阴极位于背外侧前额叶。经颅电刺激干预前后,通过智能化平衡测试系统(Neurocom)采集被试在睁眼硬地、睁眼软地、闭眼硬地、闭眼软地等四种条件下的改良版临床感觉交互作用平衡系数(Modified CTSIB)。结果:与基线相比,在闭眼软地条件下真刺激干预后Modified CTSIB系数显著下降(P<0.05);其他条件下,Modified CTSIB系数无显著变化。结论:双侧阳极tDCS干预初级运动皮层-背外侧前额叶可提高艺术体操运动员软地闭眼站立的静态平衡控制能力。非侵入性双侧脑刺激可能是提升闭眼单足平衡控制任务表现的有效手段。

线上线下混合式课堂教学在高校艺术体操中的应用与探索

线上线下混合式课堂教学是在教学实践中将传统教学方法的优势与以互联网为传播媒介的教学形式相结合的一种新式教学方法。自2010年以来,这种新式教学方法在全国各大高校开始得到广泛推广,获得了较好的教学效果。本文旨在通过传统实训课的实践活动并结合互联网平台技术,探讨“线上线下混合式课堂教学”在高校艺术体操中的应用情况;通过运用文献查阅、比较分析、问卷调查、访谈、实验对比等研究方法,分析当前高校艺术体操课堂的现状,探究“线上线下混合式课堂教学”在实施教学过程中的优势和不足,提出教学过程中各个阶段的学习重点、学习思路,构建简洁明了的学习思路和混合式的课堂教学模式,以此调动课堂积极性,促进提高教学水平。

混合教学模式在高校艺术体操教学中的应用

信息网络技术和高等教育事业不断发展,对高校艺术体操教学也提出了新要求。该文从混合教学模式的内涵出发,阐述了艺术体操的项目特点及教学内容,分析了混合教学模式在高校艺术体操教学中的作用,从开展前期分析、教学资源设计、制定教学策略、实施混合教学、教学效果评估等方面入手,探讨了混合教学模式在艺术体操教学中的实践应用。

东京奥运会艺术体操集体项目协作动作空间运用对比研究

艺术体操是一项极具艺术观赏性的竞技体育运动项目,运动员在面积为13 m×13 m和馆高不低于8 m的三维空间里,由身体动作和器械动作来构成丰富多样的空间运动,呈现出流畅、艺术的成套动作。在国际艺术体操评分规则的导向下,集体项目中协作动作的编排对成套的加分起到了关键性的作用,成为影响比赛成绩的重要因素之一。通过对东京奥运会艺术体操集体项目的协作动作空间运用进行研究,分析我国与世界高水平队伍之间的差距,为提高我国艺术体操集体项目的协作动作空间运用水平提供参考依据。

中外艺术体操个人项目结合高抛后接的器械难度对比研究

器械难度是艺术体操个人项目难度体系的重要组成部分,结合高抛后接的器械难度动作,能充分体现艺术体操个人运动员的技术水平与创新理念,因此合理选用结合高抛后接的器械难度动作是增加成套价值的重要因素之一。研究得出以下结论:2022—2024评分规则器械难度部分,新增0.50分值;结合高抛后接的器械难度动作已被国内外运动员广泛运用,有效提升了成套动作的多样性、创新性和艺术性;器械基础部分,国外运动员倾向选用0.20分;国内运动员倾向选用0.40分;身体动作类型方面,国内外以近似技巧动作作为首选,国内运动员多选用平衡难度类型,国外运动员多选用跳/跃难度类型;国内外运动员身体动作技术不正确地运用、屈肘和不正确的姿态,器械技术错误为抛物线不准确,运动员需要进一步加强基本技术的规范性,减少扣分。

艺术体操运动员髋关节损伤的专项特征及预防措施

目的:探索艺术体操运动员髋关节损伤发生的专项特征,提出预防措施。方法:运用文献资料法和访谈法等研究方法,对艺术体操运动员髋关节损伤特征、致因及动作纠正方法进行分析。研究结果:①艺术体操身体难度中,髋关节前屈、后伸分别或同时出现,外展和外旋结合出现,无内收和内旋动作,运动员髋关节肌力失衡,外展大于内收肌力。②到达竞赛年龄运动员的技术、体能训练的专项化实践与运动员身体素质高速发展的发育规律相悖,可能错失素质发展高峰期。③运动员群体中存在髋关节先天发育不良和关节松弛、过早专项化和重技术轻体能的特征,导致出现双侧肢体发展不均衡、力量水平难以承受训练负荷、髋关节局部负担过重等问题,形成损伤风险。④髋关节损伤的预防主要包括:纠正动作,提高双侧肌力平衡;加强核心区力量训练,保持关节的稳定性;完善选拔机制,将运动员健康水平以及全面的基础能力纳入选材指标体系。

体教融合视角对高校艺术体操课程改革的研究

体教融合提出了体育教育理念的创新,对高校艺术体操课程改革提出了新的要求。该文以体教融合视角下高校艺术体操课程改革为研究对象,在对新课标教学目标深入解读和艺术体操特征属性分析的基础之上,对艺术体操课程的改革进行研究阐述,基于体教融合的指导,提出艺术体操课程的开发路径,认为在进行技术教学的同时,也要突出艺术体操课程的育人功能,要以学生的实际学习需求为出发点,对课程内容进行设计开发。期望能够促进艺术体操育人功能的发挥,并为体教融合背景下高校艺术体操的课程开发提供理论参考。

巴黎奥运周期艺术体操五圈项目D组得分动作分析——以第39届世界艺术体操锦标赛为例

该文以《2022—2024年艺术体操国际评分规则》为依据,采用文献资料、录像分析、数理统计等研究方法,以2022年第39届世界艺术体操锦标赛集体全能前八名队伍为调查对象,对其八套五圈成套的D组得分动作编排情况进行剖析,分析中国队与其他队伍存在的差距,把握世界前沿队伍的编排脉络,顺应规则的发展变化,以期为我国艺术体操集体五圈项目D组得分动作的编排提供优化策略。研究表明:(1)平均分配DB组难度数量,最大限度提高某个DB的价值;(2)改变DB现有的选择与完成模式,突破DE主流得分区间;(3)合理分配不同类型协作动作数量,提高CR类型协作动作价值。

俄罗斯艺术体操项目高水平发展的优势及策略研究

运用文献资料法、专家访谈法等,对俄罗斯艺术体操高水平发展的优势及策略进行研究。结果表明:俄罗斯艺术体操项目保持长期稳定向上发展的原因有举国体制的保障、地缘文化特色背景的先天优势、有效的宣传方式、完善的艺术体操从业人员培养策略以及对训练教学方法的不断完善和创新思维。这些因素影响着俄罗斯艺术体操向上发展的不同层次,并且起到了一定的推动作用,使俄罗斯艺术体操项目一直保持世界领先地位。

备战全运会阶段陕西省艺术体操成年集体项目训练与比赛的策略研究

研究目的:通过研究艺术体操项目制胜规律,明确陕西省艺术体操成年集体队组备战第十四届全运会的训练策略,以期为深入认识艺术体操集体项目特征和艺术体操项目科学训练提供理论参考。研究方法:通过专家访谈法、文献检索法、录像观察法等研究方法,综合艺术体操集体项目特点,运动员身体机能、体能等多方面因素进行综合分析,根据不同训练阶段制定不同的训练方法及训练内容。研究结果:把握队伍定位和训练关键因素,对掌握制胜因素尤其重要;优化成套编排,改变训练方法,提高成功率;通过强化身体素质训练,提高运动员的技术能力;注重运动员训练与恢复的关系。

第39届世界艺术体操锦标赛参赛运动员年龄现状分析

本文运用文献资料法、数理统计法、录像分析法等,对第39届世界艺术体操参赛运动员的年龄特征进行分析,结果表明:(1)意大利在本届赛事中独占鳌头,西班牙、保加利亚等国家重回高水平行列;(2)本届参赛人数随年龄的增加而减少,整体年龄呈“向小性”,比赛最佳竞技年龄为17-18岁;(3)个人项目与集体项目参赛运动员年龄集中在16-19岁,获奖运动员年龄集中在17-18岁。建议:中国艺术体操队进一步优化年龄结构,提高团队竞技实力。

基于艺术体操运动员形态、机能特征的体能训练研究

运用形态机能测试等研究方法,对我国艺术体操一线队员进行了较为全面的形态与机能测试研究,旨在探索艺术体操运动员形态、机能与体能训练的关系。结果显示:我国优秀艺术体操运动员具有体能训练的身体形态优势,身体机能水平在训练中较稳定,提示运动员有进行大运动量体能训练的潜力和空间,建议采用间歇训练方法加大运动强度和运动量,提高艺术体操运动员的成套体能水平,适应现代艺术体操技术发展对体能的需要。