Rice cultivation under film mulching is an integrated management technology that can conserve water, increase soil temperature, improve yield, and enhance water and nitrogen use efficiencies. Despite these advantages,...Rice cultivation under film mulching is an integrated management technology that can conserve water, increase soil temperature, improve yield, and enhance water and nitrogen use efficiencies. Despite these advantages, the system does have its drawbacks, such as soil organic matter reduction and microplastic pollution, which impede the widespread adoption of film mulching cultivation in China. Nonetheless, the advent of degradable film, controlled-release fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and film mulching machinery is promoting the development of rice film mulching cultivation. This review outlines the impact of rice cultivation under film mulching on soil moisture, soil temperature, soil fertility, greenhouse gas emissions, weed control, and disease and pest management. It also elucidates the mechanism of changes in rice growth, yield and quality, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency. This paper incorporates a review of published research articles and discusses some uncertainties and shortcomings associated with rice cultivation under film mulching. Consequently, prospective research directions for the technology of rice film mulching cultivation are outlined, and recommendations for future research into rice cultivation under film mulching are proposed.展开更多
Solving high-temperature plastic mulching film-induced leaf burning in the first week during tobacco cultivation would take much time and effort. In the present study, the growth as well as the leaf sugar and nicotine...Solving high-temperature plastic mulching film-induced leaf burning in the first week during tobacco cultivation would take much time and effort. In the present study, the growth as well as the leaf sugar and nicotine contents of seedlings with or without leaf burning induced by high-temperature plastic mulching film were tested at two independent sites in 2015 and 2016 to identify the influence of leaf burning on seedling growth. The results showed that the growth of seedlings with leaf burning was improved with increased leaf area, leaf number and plant height compared to those without leaf burning, combined with an increased seedling survival rate at two sites in two years. In seedlings with leaf burning, the contents of fructose and glucose increased and peaked at 11：00 and 13：00 in the leaf and root, respectively, with an increased root nicotine content beginning at 13：00, highlighting the signalling role of sugars. Activities of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase （POD）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） were all increased in seedlings with leaf burning. More plant biomass was allocated to roots in seedlings with leaf burning with increased root volume compared to control seedlings, which might facilitate the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil. Our findings demonstrate that high-temperature plastic mulching film-induced leaf burning not inhibited but benefited seedling survival and growth, suggesting that the time and labour-consuming manual plucking of burnt leaves can be avoided during tobacco cultivation.展开更多
为探明覆膜水稻生命周期过程的资源消耗和环境影响,本研究基于2021—2022两年的田间试验对东北地区覆膜水稻进行生命周期评价。结果表明:仅考虑资源消耗、气候变化和环境酸化的情况下,覆PE膜旱直播水稻的环境影响潜值更小,对环境更友好...为探明覆膜水稻生命周期过程的资源消耗和环境影响,本研究基于2021—2022两年的田间试验对东北地区覆膜水稻进行生命周期评价。结果表明:仅考虑资源消耗、气候变化和环境酸化的情况下,覆PE膜旱直播水稻的环境影响潜值更小,对环境更友好。东北地区覆PE膜育秧移栽水稻能源消耗、水资源消耗、气候变化、环境酸化、富营养化和生态毒性6个环境影响指标对应的环境影响潜值分别为14046.40 MJ、957082.47 kg、1663.15 kg CO_(2)-eq、8.70 kg SO_(2)-eq、1.84 kg PO^(3-)_(4)-eq和57.05 kg 1,4-DCB-eq;东北地区覆PE膜旱直播水稻这6个环境影响指标对应的环境影响潜值分别为11990.32 MJ、312102.92 kg、1071.41 kg CO_(2)-eq、6.85 kg SO_(2)-eq、1.88 kg PO^(3-)_(4)-eq和73.75 kg 1,4-DCB-eq。造成资源消耗和气候变化的主要原因是氮肥和燃油的生产及使用,另外地膜生产和滴灌设备的生产也对环境造成了较大的影响。研究表明,水稻清洁生产的关键在于农资产品生产技术的优化和氮肥的合理施用。在两种覆膜水稻栽培方式中,覆膜旱直播水稻造成的环境影响更低,更适合我国农业绿色低碳发展。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research & Development Program of China (Grant No.2022YFD1500402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51809225)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos.2020T130559 and 2019M651977)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No.BK20180929)。
文摘Rice cultivation under film mulching is an integrated management technology that can conserve water, increase soil temperature, improve yield, and enhance water and nitrogen use efficiencies. Despite these advantages, the system does have its drawbacks, such as soil organic matter reduction and microplastic pollution, which impede the widespread adoption of film mulching cultivation in China. Nonetheless, the advent of degradable film, controlled-release fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and film mulching machinery is promoting the development of rice film mulching cultivation. This review outlines the impact of rice cultivation under film mulching on soil moisture, soil temperature, soil fertility, greenhouse gas emissions, weed control, and disease and pest management. It also elucidates the mechanism of changes in rice growth, yield and quality, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency. This paper incorporates a review of published research articles and discusses some uncertainties and shortcomings associated with rice cultivation under film mulching. Consequently, prospective research directions for the technology of rice film mulching cultivation are outlined, and recommendations for future research into rice cultivation under film mulching are proposed.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province,China (20146015-2,20152099 and 20161097)the Special Fund for Excellent Young Talents of Guizhou Province,China (201534)the Foundation of Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science,China (GZYKS2018-02)
文摘Solving high-temperature plastic mulching film-induced leaf burning in the first week during tobacco cultivation would take much time and effort. In the present study, the growth as well as the leaf sugar and nicotine contents of seedlings with or without leaf burning induced by high-temperature plastic mulching film were tested at two independent sites in 2015 and 2016 to identify the influence of leaf burning on seedling growth. The results showed that the growth of seedlings with leaf burning was improved with increased leaf area, leaf number and plant height compared to those without leaf burning, combined with an increased seedling survival rate at two sites in two years. In seedlings with leaf burning, the contents of fructose and glucose increased and peaked at 11：00 and 13：00 in the leaf and root, respectively, with an increased root nicotine content beginning at 13：00, highlighting the signalling role of sugars. Activities of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase （POD）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） were all increased in seedlings with leaf burning. More plant biomass was allocated to roots in seedlings with leaf burning with increased root volume compared to control seedlings, which might facilitate the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil. Our findings demonstrate that high-temperature plastic mulching film-induced leaf burning not inhibited but benefited seedling survival and growth, suggesting that the time and labour-consuming manual plucking of burnt leaves can be avoided during tobacco cultivation.
文摘为探明覆膜水稻生命周期过程的资源消耗和环境影响,本研究基于2021—2022两年的田间试验对东北地区覆膜水稻进行生命周期评价。结果表明:仅考虑资源消耗、气候变化和环境酸化的情况下,覆PE膜旱直播水稻的环境影响潜值更小,对环境更友好。东北地区覆PE膜育秧移栽水稻能源消耗、水资源消耗、气候变化、环境酸化、富营养化和生态毒性6个环境影响指标对应的环境影响潜值分别为14046.40 MJ、957082.47 kg、1663.15 kg CO_(2)-eq、8.70 kg SO_(2)-eq、1.84 kg PO^(3-)_(4)-eq和57.05 kg 1,4-DCB-eq;东北地区覆PE膜旱直播水稻这6个环境影响指标对应的环境影响潜值分别为11990.32 MJ、312102.92 kg、1071.41 kg CO_(2)-eq、6.85 kg SO_(2)-eq、1.88 kg PO^(3-)_(4)-eq和73.75 kg 1,4-DCB-eq。造成资源消耗和气候变化的主要原因是氮肥和燃油的生产及使用,另外地膜生产和滴灌设备的生产也对环境造成了较大的影响。研究表明,水稻清洁生产的关键在于农资产品生产技术的优化和氮肥的合理施用。在两种覆膜水稻栽培方式中,覆膜旱直播水稻造成的环境影响更低,更适合我国农业绿色低碳发展。
