Chemical Weeding in Dry Direct Seeding Fields of Single Cropping Middlelate Rice

Chemical weeding in dry direct seeding fields of single cropping middle-late rice was studied in Huida vegetable farm of Huizhou City in 2012. The main treatment was herbicide（ pretilachlor ＋ bensulfuron-methyl,Yangguo and butachlor）,and the sub-treatment was application method（ soil treatments,seedling treatment and integrated treatment）. The results showed that 80 g pretilachlor ＋ bensulfuron-methyl（ 36% pretilachlor ＋ 4% bensulfuron-methyl） diluted with 50 kg water could be sprayed or 200 g Yangguo（ 23. 9% butachlor ＋ 1. 1% bensulfuron-methyl） mixed with 15 kg sandy soil could be broadcasted per 667 m2 on the sowing day or the second day under moist condition of soil,which could effectively control weeds in dry direct seeding fields of single cropping middle-late rice.

Prevention Effects of Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl·Quinclorac 50% WP on Stem and Leaf of Dry Direct Seeded Rice

[Objective] The aim was to explore the prevention effects of pyrazosul-furon-ethyl·quinclorac 50% WP on stem and leaf of dry direct seeded rice. [Method] Totaling 7 drug doses were set in the test and the effects were observed 5, 10, 15 and 30 d after drug application, with the remained weeds surveyed 15 and 30 d after drug application. [Result] The test showed pyrazosulfuron-ethyl·quinclorac 50%WP was safe to rice as treatment agent of stem and leaf, and rice yield increased dramatical y, with the growth rate in 2.1%-49.3%. After the drug application, the prevention effects on Echinochloa crusgal i, Ludwimlia prostrata, Monochoria vamli-nalis, and Zong grass were 92.2%, 96.6%, 93.5%, and 94.8%, and the effects on fresh weight were 94.8%, 97.1%, 93.3% and 94.9%, respectively. [Conclusion] Pyra-zosulfuron-ethyl·quinclorac 50% WP can be taken as treatment agents of stem and leaf of dry direct seeded rice.

Effects of different mechanical direct seeding methods on grain yield and lodging resistance of early indica rice in South China

Direct seeding of rice has become a main planting method due to the low labor input and high economic benefit in South China.Dry direct seeding(DDS)has been widely used for single-season rice planting establishment.However,few studies have examined the performance of early-season indica rice under mechanical dry direct seeding.A two-year field experiment was conducted with two indica rice cultivars(i.e.,Zhongjiazao 17 and Zhuliangyou 819)to study lodging characteristics and grain yield formation under DDS,flooded direct seeding(FDS)and wet direct seeding(WDS)patterns.The results showed that the annual grain yield in DDS was higher by 14.42–26.34%for cultivar ZLY819 and 6.64–24.58%for cultivar ZJZ17 than in WDS and FDS,respectively,and these increases were mainly attributed to the improvement of the panicles.The DDS pattern significantly increased the seedling emergence rate of early indica rice cultivars,and increased total dry weight and crop growth rate.Meanwhile,shorter basal internodes,better stem diameter and stem wall thickness and lower lodging index were found in DDS in contrast to FDS and WDS.In particular,DDS improved the stem lodging resistance.Our results suggested that the appropriate direct seeding method was beneficial for improving the grain yield and lodging resistance of early indica rice.

播期和密度对精量穴直播水稻产量和抗倒伏性的影响

为探究渝西地区播期与密度互作对精量穴直播水稻产量和抗倒伏的影响,以渝香优8133和泰优粤禾丝苗为试验材料,设置2个播期(B1:3月29日、B2:5月25日)和5个播种密度(D1:每1 hm^(2)1.50×10^(5)穴、D2:每1 hm^(2)1.95×10^(5)穴、D3:每1 hm^(2)2.40×10^(5)穴、D4:每1 hm^(2)2.85×10^(5)穴、D5:每1 hm^(2)3.30×10^(5)穴),分析茎秆力学、茎秆形态及器官干物质积累与茎秆抗倒伏性和产量的关系。结果表明,与早播处理(B1)相比,迟播处理(B2)可显著提高精量穴直播水稻产量水平;同时,B2播期处理较高的叶面积指数(LAI)和有效穗数导致茎秆倒伏指数显著提高。随着播种密度增加,2个水稻品种的产量均呈先增加后降低趋势,B1播期下D3处理产量最高,B2播期下D4处理产量最高,但与D3处理差异不显著;而倒伏指数呈持续增加趋势,2个水稻品种趋势一致。与D1处理相比,B1和B2播期的D2、D3处理倒伏指数增幅较小,D4、D5处理显著升高,以渝香优8133表现明显。在B1和B2播期下,D2、D3处理的单株茎鞘干重、基部节间茎粗、壁厚及茎鞘充实度与D1处理相当,而D4、D5处理大幅降低。综合分析认为,在B1和B2播期下,D3处理是精量穴直播水稻产量、抗倒伏协同较好的适宜播种密度。

野香优669在德化县作中稻种植表现及直播栽培技术

野香优669是福建省农业科学院水稻研究所、福建禾丰种业股份有限公司以福恢669与野香A测交配组选育而成的籼型三系杂交稻新品种,于2021年通过福建省农作物品种审定。2021—2023年在德化县上涌镇曾坂村作中稻直播栽培种植,表现抗病性较强、稻米品质优、产量高、适应性广等特点。总结了野香优669在德化县作中稻直播栽培的技术要点。

神9优28烟后稻机械精量穴直播种植表现及高产栽培技术

为加快烟后稻机械直播推广进程,以神9优28新品种进行烟后稻机械精量穴直播技术试验示范,对比分析其种植表现,总结高产栽培技术。神9优28作烟后稻机械精量穴直播栽培品种,具有株型矮壮、分蘖力强、生育期适中、品质优、抗逆性强、产量高等特点,栽培遵循“种子处理促成苗、精细整田促全苗、适时播种促高产、防治杂草促分蘖、科学施肥防倒伏、合理管水促深根、病虫防治保丰收、适时收获保品质”等关键技术,可延长前茬烤烟终采期,达到优质、高产。该栽培技术可为农民应用水稻机械精量穴直播种植技术提供参考依据。

Effect of Planting Methods on the Yield and Yield Attributes of Short Duration <i>Aman</i>Rice

To find out the effect of planting methods on the yield and yield attributes of short duration Aman rice varieties, a field trial was conducted at the farm of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, during July to November 2012. The treatments comprised of three BRRI released high yielding varieties viz., BRRI dhan39, BRRI dhan49 and BRRI dhan57 and three planting methods viz., direct seeding of dry seed, direct seeding of sprouted seed and transplanting. It was a factorial experiment conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Planting methods had a significant effect on the growth duration of rice. The rice crop established with direct seeding of the dry and sprouted seed matured 7 days earlier than transplanting. The variety BRRI dhan39 gave the highest yield (4.964 t·ha-1) when grown with direct seeding of sprouted seed compared to other varieties. The highest net return (23362.00 BDT ha-1) and cost benefit ratio (1:1.49) were observed in direct seeding of the sprouted seed method. So, direct seeding of sprouted seed might be the best planting method because about 19.94% production cost is reduced due to the omission of seedling raising and transplanting operations as well as the reduction in the length of the crop cultivation period.

Water Consumption Processes of Different Planting Models in Rice Production of Northeast China

Different irrigation schemes have different effects on water consumption in rice production.However,few studies have been conducted on the water consumption processes between dry direct seeding rice and transplanting rice under different irrigation schemes.Water consumption process,water use efficiency and correlation effect of water consumption on yield under different planting models in rice production were investigated in northeast China in 2018.Seven treatments were implemented:drip irrigation dry direct seeding rice(DDSR),wet irrigation dry direct seeding rice(WDSR),flooded irrigation dry direct seeding rice(FDSR),transplanting flooded rice(TFR),controlled irrigation transplanting rice(CTR),intermittent irrigation transplanting rice(ITR)and wet irrigation transplanting rice(WTR).Among them,TFR was the control.The results showed that the peaks of the water consumption amount,intensity and its modulus coefficient of the seven treatments all appeared in the middle tillering and the jointing booting stages.The total water consumption amount(ET)and average water consumption intensity of DDSR,WDSR,FDSR and WTR were lower than those of TFR,CTR and ITR.The maximum water use efficiency of yield(WUEy)occurred in DDSR with a value of 3.8 kg·m^(-3).WUEy of DDSR,WDSR and FDSR were significantly higher than those of TFR,CTR and ITR.In the middle tillering and the heading and flowering stages,the water consumption amount of each treatment had a positive effect on yield formation,and the water consumption amount in the late tillering stage had a negative effect on yield formation.The relationship between ET and yield(Y)of dry direct seeding and transplanting planting models showed a quadratic function curve.ET of transplanting planting model had a significant positive impact on Y,and ET of dry direct seeding planting model had no impact on Y.DDSR had the least total water consumption of 199.8 mm·m^(-2),the lowest water consumption intensity of 2.0 mm·d^(-1) and the greatest water use efficiency of 3.8 kg·m^(-3),which suggested that DDSR had the most significant water saving effect.The combination of dry direct seeding planting model and drip irrigation scheme would be a good option for determining a water-saving rice planting model in northeast China.

导向充填式水稻精量穴播排种器孔-槽组合型孔设计与试验

针对水稻轻简型机械式排种器因稻种无序充填型孔,导致种群精量分离效果不佳,播量精确调节困难等问题,该研究基于稻种在齿盘疏导下的分布姿态规律,设计了一种具有导向充填效果的孔-槽组合型孔。构建了衡量型孔充种区域稻种分布姿态的评价方法,明确了该区域稻种姿态随时间的变化规律,分别确定了适宜于常规稻和杂交稻排种的大、小组合型孔的结构参数。以常规稻黄华占与杂交稻丰两优3948稻种为排种对象,以大、小进种孔宽度和振动频率为试验因素,依次开展了单因素、二因素全因子和品种适应性试验。单因素试验表明,当大进种孔宽度为6.8~7.6 mm、小进种孔宽度为4.6~5.2 mm时,排种器排种常规稻和杂交稻的合格率均大于85%;低频振动是影响排种器排种性能的主要振动工况。全因子试验表明,当大进种孔宽度为7.0 mm、小进种孔宽度为5.0 mm时,排种器的合格率基本不低于90%,并能适应不同的振动工况;品种适应性试验表明,在适宜的进种孔有效长度下,不同尺寸稻种的排种合格率不低于88.80%、漏播率不高于3.60%、破损率不高于0.16%。田间播种试验表明,大组合型孔播种黄华占时,各行合格率不低于89.33%、漏播率不高于1.60%、重播率不高于9.60%、穴径平均值44.64~54.83 mm、穴距平均值133.21~144.67 mm;小组合型孔播种丰两优3948时,合格率不低于85.73%、重播率不高于8.27%、漏播率不高于6.53%、空穴率不高于1.73%,穴径平均值39.88~45.59 mm、穴距平均值200.79~205.56 mm,均满足常规稻和杂交稻大田精量旱穴直播的种植要求。该研究通过组合型孔不同大小进种孔的切换及进种孔有效长度的调整兼用于不同水稻品种不同穴播量的低损精量排种,为水稻可调播量排种器设计提供理论参考依据。

稻鸭共育下硅肥对精量穴直播水稻茎秆抗倒伏性和产量的影响

【目的】探讨稻鸭共育下硅肥调控精量穴直播水稻茎秆力学、形态结构和物质积累分配机理及其与茎秆抗倒伏性和产量的关系,为稻鸭共育应用于水稻轻简化栽培提供理论基础和实践依据。【方法】以渝香优8133、渝香203、渝两优86、C两优华占和黄华占为试验材料,设不施硅肥+养鸭(D)、施硅肥+养鸭(DS)、施硅肥+不养鸭(S)和不施硅肥+不养鸭(CK)4个处理,测定产量及产量构成要素、力学指标、节间长度、茎粗、壁厚、叶面积指数、茎和鞘充实度及单株茎、叶、穗干质量,分析水稻茎秆力学特征、形态结构、物质积累与茎秆抗倒伏性和产量的关系。【结果】与CK相比,D、S和DS处理产量分别增加3.7%~25.8%、4.9%~17.3%和0~23.4%,其中DS处理下渝香203、渝香优8133和C两优华占分别增加17.3%、23.4%和9.5%,差异达显著水平(P<0.05,下同)。D、S和DS处理的倒伏指数分别较CK降低8.8%~12.4%、8.0%~13.6%和12.2%~30.2%,其中以DS处理降幅达显著水平,品种间趋势一致。DS处理下,茎秆折断弯矩较CK提高13.4%~44.7%,是倒伏指数显著降低的主要原因,品种间渝香优8133、渝香203和渝两优86归因于断面模数增大,C两优华占和黄华占归因于弯曲应力增强。与CK相比,DS处理提高了精量穴直播水稻基节茎、鞘充实度、茎粗和壁厚,增加了抽穗期和成熟期单茎和鞘干质量,提高了茎秆折断弯矩。相关分析结果表明,穗长、下部节间、中部节间和上部节间均与倒伏指数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),基部节间茎和鞘充实度、茎粗、壁厚及抽穗期和成熟期单株茎干质量与折断弯矩呈显著或极显著正相关。【结论】稻鸭共育下施用硅肥可增强基节粗度和壁厚,提高节间茎鞘充实度和茎秆质量,进而增强精量穴直播水稻茎秆机械强度和抗倒伏性。

三江平原水直播稻产量影响因素及栽培技术要点

近年来,受多种因素影响,部分农户尝试采用轻简的直播栽培方式种植水稻;但因未完全掌握科学的直播栽培技术,在生产过程中常面临水稻出苗率低、易倒伏和杂草防治难等问题。分析了影响水直播稻产量的因素,从直播稻品种选择、种子处理、整地、播种、施肥、水分管理及病虫草鼠害防治等方面总结介绍了三江平原水直播稻栽培技术要点,旨在为三江平原水直播稻栽培提供技术支持,指导帮助种植户实现增产增收。

Virtual simulation analysis and verification of seed-filling mechanism for dipper hill-drop precision direct rice seeder

In order to improve the seeder’seed-filling ability of the dipper hill-drop precision direct rice seeder,and to meet the mechanization requirement of high speed operation,the self-designed seeder was taken as the objective to explore its seed-filling mechanism and the movement status of rice seed in seed box from the perspective of mechanics.The force models of seed-filling process by dipper were established,and the influential regularity of its rotation speed to compressive resistance of seed population was analyzed as well.The image processing Module-Clipping of discrete element simulation software EDEM was used in the virtual simulation analysis for the process of the seed filling into the dipper,and the velocity relation curve and the force changing curve between rotation speed and seeds were obtained.According to the virtual experiment,the composite filling force of seeds,i.e.the qualified rate on filled rice seed amounts was the largest when rotation speed was at 40 r/min.The performance test bed of seeder was used to verify the simulation results,in which the qualified rate on scooped rice seed amounts was taken as the index,and six rotation speeds of seed-filling dipper were also selected for analysis of seed-filling ability of the device.The results are as follows:with the increase of working speed,the qualified rate on filled rice seed amounts fluctuated with a trend of cosine curve,the largest value was 94.16%occurred when the rotation speed of seed-filling dipper was at 40 r/min.The variation trend of simulation value was approximately consistent with that of verification value.The study can provide a reference for the research and development of mechanical seeder.

大田县烟后稻直播栽培技术

研究水稻直播栽培技术在中高海拔地区烟后稻种植上的应用,为促进大田县烟后稻规模化种植生产提供依据。从选择品种、浸种催芽、整地做畦、适时播种、科学施肥、田间管水、病虫害防治、草害防治和适时收获等方面总结大田县烟后稻直播栽培技术。

将乐县水稻机械精量穴直播品种筛选简比试验

为进一步探索水稻精量穴直播稳产、高产栽培技术,以甬优1540机械插秧为对照,选用泰谷优466、华元优533、昌两优8号、神9优28、荟丰优713等5个优质稻品种进行水稻机械精量穴直播简比试验,集中展示了5个优质稻品种机械精量穴直播的种植表现。结果表明:机械精量穴直播的5个优质稻品种中,华元优533表现生育期适中、株型紧凑、抗倒伏、丰产性好、米质优,适合在将乐县作水稻机械精量穴直播进一步试验、示范、推广。

又香优龙丝苗在顺昌县直播种植表现及优质栽培技术

又香优龙丝苗是广西兆和种业有限公司选育的籼型三系杂交水稻品种,2021年通过国家农作物品种审定和福建省引种备案。2022年在双溪街道溪兰村康平生态农场开展中稻直播保优栽培示范,表现分蘖力强,株型紧凑,稻秆粗细中等,谷粒细长,结实率高,丰产性好,米质优。总结了又香优龙丝苗在顺昌县直播示范种植表现及优质栽培技术要点。

水稻机械化直播技术研究进展

水稻精量穴直播技术为水稻机械化生产提供了一种先进的轻简化栽培技术,提高了水稻机械化种植水平。近十年来,随着我国农村劳动力大量转移和农业生产成本的不断增加,直播水稻发展很快。本文综述了国内外水稻机械化直播技术及机具的研究现状和发展动态,详细介绍了由华南农业大学研究成功的水稻精量穴播技术体系和机具,并对水稻机械化直播技术今后的研究方向进行了展望。

水稻直播栽培的发展概况与研究进展

介绍了国外直播稻生产发展现状和中国直播稻的应用情况和发展趋势,简述了直播稻作方式,重点阐述了直播栽培关键技术的研究进展和中国直播稻的发展方向。

不同灌溉方式对精量穴直播超级稻生产的影响

为了探明精量穴直播超级稻湿润灌溉的需水量和不同灌水量对超级稻产量构成因素的影响,以指导精量穴直播超级稻节水灌溉,通过大田试验,研究了不同灌溉方式对精量穴直播和常规移栽水稻培杂泰丰(超级杂交稻)和玉香油占(超级常规稻)2个超级稻品种生产的影响。结果表明:精量穴直播湿润灌溉处理的灌水量相对于精量穴直播常规灌溉少23.51%,相对于移栽常规灌溉少30.46%,精量穴直播湿润灌溉处理和精量穴直播常规灌溉处理的产量没有明显差异,而这2个处理的理论产量分别比移栽常规灌溉处理高7.75%和9.62%,实际产量分别高9.18%和8.09%;精量穴直播湿润灌溉处理的干物质量和叶面积指数显著高于其他2个处理。说明湿润灌溉有利于精量穴直播超级稻高产的形成。

精量穴直播晚稻的产量形成特性研究

采用2种水稻密度的精量穴直播种植方式与人工移栽种植方式，对比研究了精量穴直播晚稻的产量形成特性。结果表明，2种密度的精量穴直播的实际产量比人工移栽的实际产量显著增加，分别增产2．75％-10．48％．精量穴直播较人工移栽的有效穗数多、结实率高．在孕穗期和齐穗期，精量穴直播的水稻叶片叶绿素含量显著高于人工移栽的，同时其光合速率也较高．

弹射式耳勺型水稻精量穴直播排种器设计与试验

为满足水稻种植精量穴直播要求,设计了一种弹射式耳勺型水稻精量穴直播排种器。阐述了排种器的工作原理,并应用Matlab软件对投种过程中水稻芽种的弹射轨迹进行了研究。为评价排种器性能,选取龙稻6号、龙庆稻2号、龙庆稻3号为试验品种,以旋转盘工作转速、种箱容种高度为影响因素,以排种合格率、重播率、漏播率为指标,采用二次正交旋转组合设计,利用JPS-12型排种器检测试验台进行台架试验,构建了排种性能数学模型。运用Design-Expert 6.0.10软件对试验数据分析并进行验证试验,结果表明:当旋转盘工作转速为29.34 r/min和种箱容种高度为60 mm时,龙稻6号排种合格率为87.23%,重播率为9.56%;龙庆稻2号排种合格率为90.86%,重播率为6.97%;龙庆稻3号排种合格率为89.12%,重播率为7.46%。此排种性能满足水稻精量穴直播要求。