The influence of price on rice production in Sierra Leone

Rice is the main staple food of the vast majority of Sierra Leoneans, eaten on a daily basis by almost every household in the country. Rice is the most important food crop widely grown by farmers across the country. Although much attention is now focused on rice production through the small holder commercialization programme (SHCP), less attention has been given to investigating the constraints faced by rice producers in the country. Also, as food insecurity continues to be a major development problem across the country, thereby undermining people’s health, productivity, and often their very survival;this study contributes to efforts to overcome the development challenges posed by food insecurity necessarily begin with accurate assessment of influential factors that constrained the production of the staple food, rice. The main objective of this study is therefore to analysis the factors that influence rice production in the country, and specifically examine the relationship between rice production and the price of rice as sold in the domestic market. The study used a log linear model with the quantity of rice produced as the dependent variable and the price of domestic rice, quantity of rice imported and price of imported rice as explanatory. Findings indicated that, domestic rice is more expensive than imported rice per ton, and this underscores the argument that, rice importation is undermining domestic rice production as a viable income generating activity. Also, almost all the people in the capital city which hosts about 70% of the total population of country prefer eating imported rice, since it is free from stones and other impurities. However, In order to control price and still increase rice production, the government should be able to purchase the rice from the farmers and then sell this rice to private retailers.

Impacts of the Minimum Purchase Price Policy for Grain on the Planting Area of Rice in Hubei Province Based on a Mixed Linear Model

Impacts of the minimum purchase price policy for grain on the planting area of rice in Hubei Province were analyzed based on a mixed linear model.After the indicator system containing the minimum purchase price policy and other factors influencing the planting area of rice was constructed,principal component analysis of the system was conducted,and then a mixed linear model where the planting area of rice was as the dependent variable was established.The results show that after the exclusion of the interference from other factors,the minimum purchase price policy for grain had a positive impact on the planting area of rice in Hubei Province.That is,the minimum purchase price policy significantly stimulated the growth of rice planting area in Hubei Province.

Evaluating the effect of price and non-price policy intervention on rice cultivation in Sierra Leone: A supply response model approach

Rice is the main food for over 95 percent of the Sierra Leonean populace. It accounts for the largest portion of the agricultural GDP of the country. On the contrary, its cultivation has been shrinking over the past decades. Consequently, importation now becomes the main source of supplying the grain for local needs since its cultivation or production could no longer meet domestic request. The deterioration in the local cultivation of rice has had severe socio-economic implications such as higher consumer prices and balance of payment burden. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of price and other related nonprice policy intervention on rice cultivation in the country. The tools utilized for analyzing the problem comprise, a coefficient of protection analysis as well as a supply response analysis by means of a time series regression (for the period 1980-2011). Major limitations established negatively affecting rice output are price disincentives to cultivators, public expenditure and fertilizer consumption. From the above findings, rice cultivators should be accorded the necessary incentives to keep them more effective in the rice cultivation career. The food policy approach that had over the years depended on huge importation of rice should be reviewed in favor of domestic cultivation. Increasing local cultivation through a meaningful protection of cultivators can independently reduce the price of rice to the advantage of the final consumers. This study also recommends that public funds should be redirected away from rice import toward investments in its domestic cultivation.

Rice quality in relation to market prices in Yunnan Province

Factors affecting rice quality and their impacts on market price were investigated in this study. On-farm survey and market survey was undertaken in three selected sites namely Kunming, Dali, and Xishuangbanna in Yunnan Province, China. Market sampling was conducted to determine important rice quality characteristics. Sixty milled rice samples were collected from domestic markets of the three sites during a period of Mar to Apr in 1994. The grain physicochemical properties of the milled rice samples were analyzed on the basis of Chinese Agricultural Ministry Standard for testing rice quality. A hedonic price model (implicit price model) was further employed to quantify relationships between quality characteristics and market prices of rice. The model can be expressed mathematically as the following function (1) This function shows that the average price paid by consumer for different grades of rice with attribute Xj. Using the ordinary least square (OLS) regression of observed market prices on measures

乌程汉简所见汉代经济发展

乌程汉简记录了汉代经济的发展情况,具有重要的史料价值。汉简对鲐鱼收税的记载,反映了汉代所开展的海上捕鱼活动的情况,其时已形成了“捕—运—销—税”的渔业“产业链”。汉简有关布与绸的记载反映了乌程县向汉廷进行供奉的史实,说明了江南纺织业的发展已达到较高水平。布指越布,绸指锦帛类丝织品,相关记载为江南纺织业研究提供了新资料。乌程汉简中存在两种不同的米价且价格相差悬殊,高米价的产生可能与自然灾害或瘟疫等突发事件有关。乌程汉简关于“换钱”的记载,是百姓向官府借贷的证据,也是目前所见有关该类借贷的最早记录。乌程汉简还记录了新莽时期铢权和两权的比值,相关简文反映了“箕”在乌程地区起着度量衡的作用,这些记载在一定程度上填补了汉代经济史研究资料的某些空白。

论张之洞督鄂时期湖北米价的波动特征

1889至1907年间,张之洞主政湖北。在其主导下,湖北工商业获得迅速发展。本文通过时间序列分析等方法,重点考察这一时期湖北以米价为代表的粮价波动情况。研究结果表明,张之洞督鄂时期湖北米价波动具有总体趋势上升、季节变化显著、存在异常振荡和区域差异明显四个主要特征,波动原因涉及湖北的稻米耕作制度、供需关系、自然灾害和区域市场发展水平差异等多个方面。张之洞督鄂时期,湖北经济建设虽取得一定成就,但该时期湖北农业发展迟滞,百姓生活成本上升,民生状况并未得到明显改善,这在一定程度上对湖北工业发展产生不利影响。

高低碳碳化稻壳保温性能研究

针对碳化稻壳的蜂窝状结构还是碳含量是其起保温作用的情况,采用自主设计的测无定形隔热材料导热系数装置,测得C35型碳化稻壳(含碳量≥35%)与普通低碳碳化稻壳(含碳量≤15%)导热系数比为0.87~0.94。计算碳化稻壳燃烧放热量同钢水或钢渣通过碳化稻壳层散热量,发现前者是后者的约47~295倍,碳含量为碳化稻壳起保温作用的主要因素。经实践,钢包中加入厚度2.4 cm的碳化稻壳,保温时间约为8~10 min。综合比较使用高碳碳化稻壳保温的性价比更高。

“稻谷—大米”价值链价格联系、价格形成及主要影响因素研究

构建“稻谷—大米”价值链,对“稻谷—大米”价值链上价格形成过程进行描述性统计分析,采用Johansen检验、格兰杰因果检验方法及VEC模型方法,对价值链上主要环节价格联系及其主要影响因素进行实证研究。研究表明,稻谷收购市场和大米零售市场存在长期均衡状态,稻谷收购市场和稻谷国内期货市场存在长期均衡状态,但短期价格传导效率较低;“稻谷—大米”价值链上产生的价格增值主要集中在大米零售、大米加工和农户稻谷出售环节;所谓“稻强米弱”造成大米加工企业普遍经营不善的说法不能得到必要证据支持;过于强调国有粮库“顺价销售”出库大米不利于实现以粮食自产为基础的粮食安全目标。最后提出继续实施稻谷最低收购价格政策和以实现粮食自产为基础的粮食安全目标等政策建议。

浅析稻谷比价偏低对我国水稻产业的影响

近年来,受新冠病毒感染疫情反复、地缘政治紧张局势加剧、气候灾害频发等各种因素影响,国内国际粮食价格波动剧烈,涨幅较大。但国内稻米市场总体走势平稳,涨幅不大,成为我国粮食安全名副其实的“压舱石”。由于稻谷价格滞涨,稻谷比价逐渐在三大谷物中垫底,种植效益在三大谷物中也处于偏低水平,导致农户种植水稻的积极性下降,“水改旱”现象逐渐增多,预计短期这种现象难以改变。由于稻谷比价较低,替代需求持续增加,加上国内外大米价差也大幅缩小,后期我国大米进口有望减少,国内稻谷库存去化加快,预计后期国内稻米市场供需宽松的局面将发生改观。因此,需未雨绸缪,提前做好应对措施,确保中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手里。

完善稻谷最低收购价政策,持续提升粮食安全保障能力

我国稻谷最低收购价政策实施以来,在增加农民种粮收益、促进稻谷生产、保障国家粮食安全等方面发挥了积极作用,但在后期实施中也存在着一些不足之处,比如保障农户水稻种植收益作用下降、稻谷产量徘徊不前、库存稻谷去化困难、财政负担沉重等。因此,需要继续完善稻谷最低收购价政策,持续促进水稻尤其是优质稻生产,使政策性稻谷收得进、管得好、销得出,实现政策性稻谷库存规模可控、财政补贴减少等,从而在保护种粮农户积极性、促进稻谷生产与市场健康运行等方面实现新的平衡,为我国粮食安全作出新贡献。

世界稻米生产市场形势分析及未来展望

大米对世界一半以上人口的粮食安全至关重要。近年来,水稻生产和研究遇到了前所未有的挑战。国际冲突不断、新冠疫情席卷全球、极端天气频发,全球各国都面临粮食安全挑战。通过对世界稻米的生产和贸易进行分析,剖析各国稻米生产和价格发生波动的原因,了解各国的稻米贸易流向,并追踪最新的稻米贸易政策,分析影响稻米生产与贸易的原因,为各国解决粮食安全问题提供方向。

我国稻米价格的历史变化及影响与今后调控对策的探讨

本文分五个时期概述了建国以来我国稻米价格体系发展的历程,对影响较大的三次稻米价格变动事件进行了概述和研究,并分析了导致稻米价格上涨的主要原因,包括供求关系和货币影响等;对近期国内外稻米价格变化亦进行了比较分析,指出近期可能出现的变化趋势;最后探讨了今后国内稻米价格的调控政策。

国际大米价格互动性与中国粮食安全研究

开放经济条件下"确保谷物基本自给,口粮绝对安全"的粮食安全目标受国际贸易影响愈加明显,作为口粮之一的大米价格剧烈变动成为影响我国粮食安全的重要因素。本文运用Johansen协整检验与持久-短暂模型(P-T模型)对大米主产国中国、美国、泰国三国大米市场高中低三级大米价格变化的共有因子进行了分析,探索价格间的内在联系以及对粮食安全的作用机制。结果表明,国际大米价格间的互动性对我国粮食安全冲击较大,表现为国际大米价格波动显著影响我国的大米价格,其中,中低端大米市场受到的冲击最大,而我国大米价格对国际高端大米价格的影响较为有限。相比之下,泰国大米市场受国际大米价格波动的影响较小,对国际大米价格的影响最大;美国大米市场受到国际米价波动的影响也不显著,受非价格因素的影响较大。因此,合理利用国际国内两个市场保障我国粮食安全要立足国内,充分应用进口配额调控机制并借鉴粮食强国的生产加工和期货市场经验,不断增强我国大米的国际竞争力。

国内外大米价格传递效应的动态变化——基于TVP-VAR-SV模型的实证考察

基于贝叶斯估计的框架,利用MCMC算法建立时变参数VAR模型,以2002年6月-2013年2月国际国内大米价格数据为样本,考察其内在波动传递规律。研究发现:国内大米价格主要受汇率波动和自身价格短期和中期的影响,但受国际大米价格的影响近年来持续上升;国际大米价格受其自身价格的短期影响和中国价格波动的影响程度相当,且中国大米对国际大米价格的影响要高于国际大米对中国大米价格的影响。

自有品牌大米研发评价体系研究

自有品牌产品可以有效降低采购成本、控制产品质量、提升品牌价值,是零售企业打造差异化产品体系的重要手段,亦是生产企业降低综合成本,拓宽产品渠道的一种方式。中国南方产区大米拥有庞大的市场需求,市售品牌纷繁复杂,价格、质量参差不齐,消费者选择难度较大。零售企业作为生产方与消费者的纽带,需平衡厂家、商家、消费者等多方诉求。因此,单一指标无法对供应商及产品客观评价。基于供应商资质、商务支持等基础信息,选取感官品质、产品价格、供应链能力、配合度等多个指标,建立综合评价体系,并使用该评价体系筛选供应商,开发“易家香”系列南方大米产品。结果显示,在保障产品品质的同时,降低采购成本15.3%,达到各方共赢的目标。

基于价格传导视角的“稻强米弱”成因探析:国际价格冲击抑或产业链传导受阻?

文章基于协整检验理论与非对称误差修正模型,从产业链路径和国际贸易路径分品种考察了我国大米市场的价格传导特征,对近期大米市场呈现出的"稻强米弱"原因作出解释。分析结果显示,国际大米市场和上游稻谷市场对国内大米市场的长期价格传导存在差异;短期内国际大米对早籼米价格传导的负向非对称性放大了低价米的冲击作用,而早籼稻、晚籼稻对早籼米、晚籼米价格传导的负向非对称性则弱化了上游高价稻谷的价格传导。本文的结论能够一定程度上对现阶段的"稻强米弱"现象做出解释,并为政策制定提供理论依据。

政府补贴、比价扭曲与粮食加工企业的资本配置——以稻谷加工业为例

"去库存"背景赋予了粮食加工业补贴政策新的活力,比价扭曲的现实环境却增加了政府补贴对粮食加工企业资本配置影响的复杂性。本文基于1998~2007年工业企业数据库,以稻谷加工业为例实证考察了稻米比价扭曲下政府补贴对稻谷加工企业资本配置的影响。研究结果显示:在稻米比价扭曲程度较弱时,政府补贴对资本配置的负面影响显著;在稻米比价扭曲程度较强时,政府补贴对资本配置具有促进作用。考虑内生性后结论依然稳健。另外,随着稻米比价水平的上升,优先补贴中型及非国有企业更有助于稻谷加工业整体资本配置效率的提升。

我国稻谷总产量及粮食政策调整对上海粳米价格走势的影响

1995～ 1997年全国稻谷产量连年增长 ,使上海粳米市场价格自 1995年 10月至 1998年 5月持续走低 30多个月 ;消费者和经营者对中央政府全面实行粮食流通体制改革及 1998年夏季发生在长江、嫩江、松花江流域特大洪水的预期和反映 ,使 1998年 5月至 10月的阶段性价格回升 ;在 1998年洪涝之后秋粮仍是一个丰收年景的影响下 。

国际大米市场价格波动对国内市场的传递效应——基于误差修正模型的估计

基于2006年2月—2011年3月的月度数据,对国际大米价格波动与中国国内大米价格波动的长期均衡关系进行检验,分析国内大米价格波动的主要影响因素及其程度,考察国内外大米市场价格波动的时滞效应与调整效应,并从外贸途径和期货途径测度国外大米价格波动对国内大米价格波动的传导效应,基本结论是:国际大米价格波动与国内大米价格波动存在长期稳定的均衡关系,长期内国内大米价格波动主要由通货膨胀带动,且价格传递具有明显的时滞效应和调节效应。脉冲响应函数和方差分解方法实证结果表明,国际大米价格通过外贸渠道和期货渠道对国内大米价格产生影响,其中期货途径对国内大米价格波动的传导效应更显著。

基于多元线性回归和VAR模型的大米价格波动研究

大米作为主要口粮,在保障粮食安全方面具有重要作用,其价格波动不仅会直接影响到农民的收入水平,而且与消费者的利益息息相关,大米价格稳定对于促进农民增收、保障粮食安全、保持经济社会健康稳定发展具有重要意义。运用多元线性回归、VAR、脉冲响应函数对大米价格进行实证分析,结果表明大米价格具有滞后性,汇率、农业生产资料价格、面粉价格、稻谷价格以及货币供应量都会对当期大米价格产生影响,影响最大的是农业生产资料价格。VAR的结果表明,CPI对大米价格的影响最大。