Differential effects of insecticides on mitochondrial membrane fluidity and ATPase activity between the wolf spider and the rice stem borer

Differential effects of methamidophos and three pyrethroids on ATPase activity and membrane fluidity of mitochondria were investigated between the wolf spider（Pirata subpiraticus（Boes.et Str.））and the rice stem borer（Chilo suppressalis（Walker））.Based on a comparison of LD_（50） values,the toxicities of the tested insecticides were higher to the wolf spider than to the rice stem borer.Cyhalothrin at 1×10^（–4） mmol L^（–1） caused inhibition of the mitochondrial Na~＋-K~＋-ATPase and Ca^（2＋）-Mg^（2＋）-ATPase activities,and it’s inhibitions on Na＋-K＋-ATPase and Ca^（2＋）-Mg^（2＋）-ATPase activities were significantly higher in the wolf spider（44 and 28%）than in the rice stem borer（19 and 11%）.Methamidophos at 1×10^（–4） mmol L^（–1） decreased Ca^（2＋）-Mg^（2＋）-ATPase activity by 16 and 27%in the wolf spider and the rice stem borer,respectively,but no significant effect on the specific activity of Na＋-K＋-ATPase was observed.The DPH（1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene）fluorescence polarization values of mitochondrial membranes were not significantly affected by methamidophos in either species.However,cyhalothrin and alpha-cypermethrin induced the values of DPH polarization of mitochondrial membrane increasing with the concentration of cyhalothrin and alpha-cypermethrin from 20 to 100μmol L^（–1） in the rice stem borer and the wolf spider.Effect of ethofenprox on fluidity of the wolf spider and the rice stem borer was contrary.These results suggest that both inhibition of membrane ATPase and changes of membrane fluidity could be appended to the action mechanisms of pyrethroid insecticides.

Rice(Oryza sativa L.)Breeding among Hassawi Landrace and Egyptian Genotypes for Stem Borer(Chilo agamemnon Bles.)Resistance and Related Quantitative Traits

Rice stem borer(Chilo agamemnon Bles.)is a primary insect pest of rice and is a major limiting factor to rice production.Breeding for insect-resistant crop varieties has been an economic way of integrated pest management(IPM)as it offers a viable and ecologically acceptable approach.This study was aimed to evaluate rice genotypes for their resistance against rice stem borer.Seven parental genotypes with twenty one F1 crosses were evaluated for genotypic variation in field experiments.Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for the studied traits in almost all crosses and parents.In addition,the mean squares of parents versus their crosses were signifi-cant for stem borer resistance and other associated traits.Moreover,both general combining ability(GCA)and specific combining ability(SCA)variances were highly significant for all characters studied in the F1 generation.Based on GCA,4 genotypes(Sakha101,Gz6903-3-4-2-1,Gz9577-4-1-1 and Hassawi)exhibited highly significant negative values for stem borer resistance(–0.53,–1.06,–0.18 and–0.49,respectively)indicating they are the best combiners for stem borer resistance.Based on SCA analysis,nine cross combinations showed highly significant negative effects for stem borer resistance.Similarly,the cross Giza178
Hassawi was the best combination with significantly highest value for early maturity.In addition,seven crosses showed highly significant negative SCA for plant height trait.On the other hand,for panicle length,number of primary branches/panicle,panicle weight and 1000-grain weight,seven,four,eight and six crosses showed highly significant positive SCA,respectively.The result further revealed that the non-additive dominance genetic variance was higher than the additive variance for all evaluated traits indicating that non-additive genetic variances have a role in their inheritance.The broad-sense heritability estimates were high for all the studied traits.The stem borer resistance was significantly correlated with panicle weight and 1000-grain weight,which also showed a highly significant correlation with grain yield/plant.Thus these traits can be effectively employed in a breeding program to confer resistance against stem borer infestation in rice.It was further supported by biplot analysis,which clustered these potentially important traits into two quadrants showing their importance in any future breeding program to control stem borer infestation.This study has contributed valuable information for evaluation of genetic diversity in the local rice germplasm and its utilization in futuristic rice genetic improvement programs.

Comparative Efficacies of Next-Generation Insecticides Against Yellow Stem Borer and Their Effects on Natural Enemies in Rice Ecosystem

The efficacies of some next-generation insecticides against the rice yellow stem borer(YSB),Scirpophaga incertulas(Walk.), and their compatibilities with natural enemies were investigated during 2014 and 2015. Three newer insecticides, chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G, dinotefuran 20% SG, and methoxyfenozide 24% SC, and two commonly used insecticides, carbufuran 5 G and quinalphos 25 EC,were evaluated in the field for their efficacies against YSB and their non-target effects on natural enemies.Application of chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G at 10.96 kg/hm^2 resulted in the greatest reduction in YSB infestation(deadhearts and whiteheads) and greatest increase of yield compared to the untreated control plots, followed by methoxyfenozide 24% SC at 0.41 L/hm^2, dinotefuran 20% SG at 0.15 kg/hm^2,carbufuran 5 G at 10.96 kg/hm^2, and quinalphos 25 EC at 1.50 L/hm^2. All the insecticides reduced the numbers of predators viz., lady bird beetles, wolf spiders, carabid beetles, earwigs, green mirid bugs, and damselflies. Numbers of adults of the egg parasitoids Trichogramma sp., Telenomus sp. and Tetrastichus sp. were significantly reduced in insecticide-treated plots compared to untreated control plots. In all field trials, the harmful effects of the five insecticides were in the following rank order(least harmful to most harmful): chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G, carbufuran 5 G, dinotefuran 20% SG, methoxyfenozide 24% SC,and quinalphos 25 EC. On the basis of reduction in YSB infestation, increase in grain yield, and compatibility with natural enemies, chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G was proved to be the best of all the insecticides for YSB management system, although the study suggested minimizing its retail price for enhancement of cost effectiveness in farmers' fields.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of rice with the spider insecticidal gene conferring resistance to leaffolder and striped stem borer

Immature embryos of rice varieties "Xiushui11" and "Chunjiang 11" precultured for 4d were infected and transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101/pExT7 (containing the spider insecticidal gene). The resistant cant were transferred onto the differentiation medium and plants were regenerated. The transformation frequency reached 56%-72% measured as numbers of Geneticin (G418)-resistant calli produced and 36%-60% measured as numbers of transgenic plants regenerated, respectively. PCR and Southern blot analysis of transgenic plants confirmed that the T-DNA had been integrated into the rice genome. Insect bioassays using T1 transgenic plants indicated that the mortality of the leaffolder (Cnaphalocrasis medinalis) after 7d of leaf feeding reached 38%-61% and the corrected mortality of the striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) after 7d of leaf feeding reached 16%-75%. The insect bioassay results demonstrated that the transgenic plants expressing the spider insecticidal protein conferred enhanced resistance to these pests.

Mechanism of rice variety resistance to the yellow stem borer,Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker)

Yellow stem borer(YSB),Scir-pophaga incertulas(Walker)has be-come the main rice insect pest onceagain along the Changjiang Riversince 1990s.Unfortunately,no ricevariety with resistance to YSB hasbeen reported so far.Japonica Zhen-dao 2 with moderate resistance toYSB was found.In 10 rice vari-eties with different resistance levels,YSB individuals showed distinct de-velopmental rates,and the asyn-chronous development even occurredin the same rice variety.In this

种植方式对寒地水稻抗倒伏性状的影响

为了探索不同种植方式对寒地水稻抗倒伏能力的影响,以‘龙粳21’和‘龙稻18’为试材,比较研究了水直播、旱直播和插秧栽培模式下水稻的抗倒伏特性。种植方式对寒地水稻的抗倒伏特性有显著影响,但两品种表现不一致。其中,‘龙粳21’N1至N4节间的倒伏指数为插秧>水直播>旱直播,单茎抗推力为旱直播>插秧>水直播。‘龙稻18’N1、N3和N4节间的倒伏指数为插秧>旱直播>水直播,N2节间为旱直播>插秧>水直播,单茎抗推力均为水直播>插秧>旱直播。相关分析表明,提高寒地水稻抗倒伏能力应适当降低株高、重心高度和N1、N2节间的长度,不宜攻大穗。在寒地稻区,通过选择适宜的品种及合理地构建多穗和小穗的群体结构,既利于直播稻获得较高的产量,也有利于提高抗倒伏性。

广西越冬稻螟种类及其空间分布型研究

【目的】水稻螟虫在广西广泛分布,严重威胁水稻生产,明确广西稻螟的越冬情况及其空间分布型,了解水稻螟虫的种类及分布情况,为其预测预报及科学防治提供依据。【方法】分别在桂东北、桂西北、桂东南、桂西南和沿海地区,共27个市(县)进行越冬螟虫调查,并采用棋盘式取样法,将稻桩带回室内仔细剥查鉴定螟虫种类及数量,分析螟虫种群的空间分布型。【结果】本次越冬调查结果表明,广西越冬螟虫种类有大螟(Sesamia inferens)、二化螟(Chilo suppressalis)、三化螟(Scirpophaga incertulas)和台湾稻螟(Chilotraea auricilia),其中大螟和二化螟为优势种。三化螟主要分布在纬度23°-25°,其他螟虫在广西越冬未呈现明显规律。空间分布参数表明,除13、20和22号田块大螟呈均匀分布外,其他田块螟虫均呈聚集分布,且聚集度随密度的增加而升高。大部分田块螟虫聚集原因是由环境因素引起的。【结论】在广西,越冬螟虫呈聚集分布,大螟和二化螟为田间越冬优势种群,台湾稻螟次之,三化螟零星发生。

Rice stem lodging properties and bending modeling under the influence of circadian temperature difference

Under diurnal temperature stress,the vascular bundle content of mature rice stems will change which will cause a change in the modulus of elasticity.Therefore,the rice stems will collapse with the reduction in bending resistance because of the change in the modulus of elasticity.In order to reveal the distribution of vascular bundle gradients in rice stems under different climatic temperatures and explore the locations where stems are prone to bending and the form of stem damage,this study established a model of stem stiffness under free loading based on observing microstructure of the rice.The lodging characteristics of rice stems was explored seldom in different environmental temperatures from a micro structure of rice stems.So,the statistical analysis and t-tests were carried out on stems 1 to 4 in combination for cantilever bending tests at room temperature on stem internodes 3,versus three-point bending tests at-10℃ to 65℃ temperature treatment.Results showed that the bending resistance of the stem can be well predicted by using the vascular bundle distribution regression model and the variable stiffness mechanical model.The bending resistance of No.3 stem was established by using the results obtained from the three-point bending test in a temperature range between 10℃-65℃.The correction coefficient TF of stem bending resistance under temperature difference induced stress was established based on the Gauss regression model.Statistical analysis showed that the bending resistance of No.3 stem was relatively large in a temperature range of 16℃-34℃.This study elucidated the variations of the mechanical properties of rice stems under temperature difference induced stress and provided a theoretical foundation for understanding the lodging characteristics of rice during mechanized harvesting.

34%乙多·甲氧虫SC防治盘锦稻区二化螟效果初报

研究了34%乙多·甲氧虫SC对盘锦地区水稻田二化螟的防治效果及对水稻的安全性。田间试验结果表明:34%乙多·甲氧虫SC田间用量24 g/667 m^(2)、20 g/667 m^(2),于二化螟卵孵化盛期,即每代次二化螟幼虫为害显状初期开始第一次施药,连施2次,间隔7~10 d,对一代二化螟防效分别为94.6%、88.2%,对二代二化螟防效分别为86.4%、84.7%。对照药剂25%乙基多杀菌素WG田间用量15 g/667 m^(2),240 g/L甲氧虫酰肼SC田间用量28 g/667 m^(2)对一代二化螟的防效分别为97.8%、78.5%;对二代二化螟防效分别为89.8%、69.5%。参试药剂处理区水稻生长正常。综上,34%乙多·甲氧虫SC对二化螟防效较理想,且对水稻安全。

不同肥密措施对南疆水稻抗倒伏及干物质生产特性和产量的影响

以新稻36号为材料,在南疆地区进行了以氮肥水平(N)作为主区、栽插密度(D)作为副区的田间裂区试验。结果表明,随施氮量增加,第1节间长度、第2节间长度、弯曲力矩、株高和重心高度显著增加,抗折力则先增后降以N2处理(纯N 240 kg/hm^(2))最高;合理密植能够控制个体发育,降低节间长度、弯曲力矩、株高与重心高度;茎秆倒伏指数由上述因素共同影响,施氮量240 kg/hm^(2)、栽插密度20.83~27.78万丛/hm^(2)的处理抗倒伏性较优。花后干物质积累量对籽粒贡献占比为51.69%~76.14%,是籽粒干物质积累量的主要来源,适当增施氮肥能够提高花后干物质积累量与积累率;过量施肥则会使干物质在花前的积累量增大,多用于营养器官生长,不利于向籽粒转运。适度密植有利于提高花后干物质积累量,D4处理(27.78万丛/hm^(2))较其他处理提高18.06%~30.22%,同时也促进了干物质向籽粒的转运。综合来看,施氮量240 kg/hm^(2)、栽插密度27.78万丛/hm^(2)时能显著改善水稻地上部分干物质的比例及干物质分配,且未发生倒伏,有利于产量提高。

长江下游地区味优高产协同粳稻的品种特性

【目的】探明长江下游地区味优高产协同粳稻品种共性农艺与生理特征,为实现区域稻米产量和品质协同提升提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】于2018年和2022年,分别采用14个和13个常规粳稻品种开展品种筛选试验,系统比较不同品种的产量及构成、食味品质及质构特性,以及生物量、茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)、群体光合势(LAD)等农艺与生理指标的差异。【结果】品种间的食味值和产量具有较大变幅,为此,按食味值和产量进行聚类,将不同水稻品种分为味中低产(ML)、味中高产(MH)和味优高产(GH)3种类型。GH类型品种2年的平均食味值和产量分别为68.5和10.2 t·hm^(-2),较MH和ML综合提高食味值6.8%、产量14.6%。从产量和品质性状的表现来看,与MH和ML相比,GH类型品种表现最高的结实率和口感得分。从生物量积累的过程来看,GH类型品种增加了灌浆初期的干物质积累比例,表现最高的抽穗-抽穗后15d的干物质积累。进一步分析此阶段干物质积累成因发现,GH类型品种在稳定增加LAD的同时,显著增加了茎鞘中NSC的转运率。相关性分析表明,水稻结实率与口感得分、抽穗-抽穗后15 d的干物质积累和LAD及NSC转运率均呈极显著正相关关系。【结论】在保持较高的抽穗-抽穗后15 d LAD(100.4 m^(2)·m^(-2)·d)的同时,进一步提高灌浆期茎鞘NSC的转运率(79.9%)促进灌浆启动,增加抽穗-抽穗后15 d干物质积累(3.6 t·hm^(-2)),提高水稻结实率(95.4%)和口感(9.6),是该区域味优高产协同水稻品种的共性特征。此外,研发以提高灌浆期NSC转运量和抽穗期植株茎鞘NSC积累为目标的水肥管理技术,有望进一步发挥上述味优高产协同品种的产量和食味品质潜力。

昆虫性信息素智能迷婚剂防治水稻二化螟效果研究

为探讨昆虫性信息素智能迷婚剂对二化螟的防控效果,设置智能迷婚剂,利用性诱剂进行了田间蛾量调查,并调查了二化螟的危害情况,发现迷向防治区性诱剂引诱的二化螟总量明显低于药剂防治区,同时,迷向防治改变了性诱剂的诱蛾动态.当田间蛾量较大时,药剂防治区的诱蛾量明显高于迷向防治区,且差异具有统计学意义.迷向法防治后,水稻二化螟的危害株率明显降低,防效为92.3%±1.8%,防效明显高于药剂防治区.研究结果表明,昆虫性信息素智能迷婚剂是水稻二化螟的一种高效绿色防控技术,能大量减少化学农药的使用.

Top-dressing nitrogen fertilizer rate contributes to decrease culm physical strength by reducing structural carbohydrate content in japonica rice

Lodging is an important factor limiting rice yield and quality by bending or breaking stem in japonica rice（Oryza sativa L.） production. The objectives of this study were to determine the mechanism of lodging resistance in japonica rice as affected by carbohydrate components, especially its related arrangement in culm tissue and response to top-dressing nitrogen（N） fertilizer. Field experiments were conducted in Danyang County, Jiangsu Province, China, by using two japonica rice varieties Wuyunjing 23（lodging-resistance variety） and W3668（lodging-susceptible variety） with three top-dressing N fertilizer rates（0, 135 and 270 kg N ha^（-1）） in 2013 and 2014. Lodging related physical parameters, morphological characteristics and stem carbohydrate components were investigated at 30 d after full heading stage. Results showed that with increasing N fertilizer rates, the lodging rate and lodging index increased rapidly primarily due to significant reduction of breaking strength in two japonica rice varieties. Correlation analysis revealed that breaking strength was significantly and positively correlated with bending stress, but negatively correlated with section modulus, except for significant correlation at W3668 in 2014. Higher stem plumpness status and structural carbohydrate contents significantly enhanced stem stiffness, despite of lower non-structural carbohydrate. With higher N fertilizer rate, the culm wall thickness was almost identical, and culm diameter increased slightly. The structural carbohydrates, especially for lignin content in culm, reduced significantly under high N rate. Further histochemical staining analysis revealed that high N treatments decreased the lignin deposition rapidly in the sclerenchyma cells of mechanical tissue, large vascular bundle and small vascular bundle region, which were consistent with reduction of bending stress, especially for W3668 and thus, resulted in poor stem strength and higher lodging index. These results suggested that structural carbohydrate plays a vital role for improving stem strength in japonica rice. N rate decreased lodging resistance primarily due to poor stem stiffness, by reducing structural carbohydrate content and lignin deposition in the secondary cell wall of lower internode culm tissue.

Development of lepidopteran pest-resistant transgenic japonica rice harboring a synthetic cry2A* gene

A synthetic cry2A^＊ gene enco ding Bacillus thuringiensis（Bt） δ-endotoxi n that resi st ance to lepidopteran pest was transformed into japonica rice variety Jijing 88, which is the most widely cultivated variety in Jilin Province, Northeast China, by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A total of 106 independent transformants overexpressing cry2A^＊ gene driven by ubiquitin（Ubi） promoter was produced. Three single-copy homozygous transgenic lines were finally selected based on the results of PCR analysis, se gregation ratio of Bast a resistance, and Southern hybridiza tion analyse s. RT-PCR and enzyme linke dimmune sorbent assay（ELISA） revealed that cry2A^＊ transcripts and protein were highly expressed in these lines. The high level of Cry2A^＊ protein expression resulted in high resistance to rice striped stem borer as evidence d by insect feeding bioassays. Our results demonst rate that cry2A^＊ transgenic japonica rice confers resistance to the rice striped stem borer in the laboratory conditions.

我国水稻螟虫发生及治理研究进展

水稻螟虫是我国水稻生产过程中的重要害虫种类之一,其为害范围广,所造成的经济损失巨大,且在我国主要稻区呈现逐年加重的发生趋势。本文重点以二化螟为例,概述了近年来水稻螟虫发生与为害现状、抗药性演化、抗螟水稻种质资源挖掘与品种创制、水稻螟虫生理生化与毒理学研究及新型杀螟药剂研发、水稻螟虫寄生蜂资源及其利用、水稻螟虫生态调控技术等方面的主要研究成果,以期为深入了解我国水稻螟虫发生为害及其治理研究现状提供依据,并为水稻螟虫的可持续控制与水稻绿色生产的实践提供帮助。

应用植保无人机释放稻螟赤眼蜂防治水稻二化螟技术研究

为推广以虫治虫绿色防控技术,减少水稻田化学农药的使用,提高赤眼蜂释放效率,降低防治成本。采用单因素随机区组设计和二因素完全随机化设计,完成了不同放蜂量、放蜂器投放数量、放蜂量和放蜂器投放数量组合3个试验,调查卵块寄生率、校正寄生率、相对防效和产量等相关指标。结果表明,应用植保无人机释放稻螟赤眼蜂防治水稻二化螟,释放量45万头/hm^(2),放蜂器投放数量90个/hm^(2),分3次平均释放,每次释放间隔5 d,卵块寄生率62.8%,校正寄生率60.0%,防治效果67.7%,产量和挽回产量损失率分别为11186.4 kg/hm^(2)和6.0%。

Effect of Seeding Density on Mat-Type Seedling Quality for Mechanical Transplanting in Dry Season Rice

Rice transplanting with a transplanter is a cost-effective process. Due to labor shortages during the peak time of rice transplanting, it is a promising technology in Bangladesh. However, the high-quality mat-type seedling is a prerequisite factor for mechanical transplanting. The experiments were conducted at three different locations (Gazipur, Tangail, and Rangpur) during the dry season (Boro)/2019-20 to determine the best seeding density for high-quality mat-type seedlings to be prepared for mechanical rice transplanters. The effects of seeding rate on seedling quality such as survival rate, seedling strength, stem thickness of newly released boro rice varieties BRRI dhan86, BRRI dhan89, and BRRI dhan92 were studied using four seeding rates (130, 140, 150, 160 g/tray). Results revealed that BRRI dhan92 showed quick seedling emergence compared to BRRI dhan89 and BRRI dhan86. Seedling mortality was found the lowest BRRI dhan92 while the highest in BRRI dhan86. 25 - 30 days old seedling was found suitable for mechanical transplanting in terms of seedling mortality. Seedling height increased with the increase in seed density. BRRI dhan92 showed the highest stem thickness followed by BRRI dhan89 and BRRI dhan86 with seed rate 150 - 160 g per tray. The suitable seeding rate (150 - 160 g/tray) for the studied varieties was found better for raising mat-type seedlings suitable for mechanical transplanting, which could coordinate the production of larger population growth and higher harvest index to achieve high grain yield.

高产优质水稻品种粤禾丝苗抗倒伏性状及遗传分析

【目的】通过测量分析水稻基部茎秆的物理性状,探究这些性状与茎秆抗折力的关系,明确影响水稻基部茎秆抗折力的核心性状,为水稻抗倒伏品种选育提供理论基础。【方法】分析水稻品种粤禾丝苗、易倒伏品种象牙香占以及粤禾丝苗×象牙香占的F_(2)遗传分离群体中与倒伏抗性相关的农艺性状,包括株高、单株抗弯力、基部节间抗折力和茎秆结构等,通过相关系数判断各性状对水稻抗倒伏性的影响大小。【结果】粤禾丝苗和象牙香占两个品种在抗倒伏性上存在显著差异。粤禾丝苗的N2(基部第2节间)抗折力(16.58 N)、N2壁厚(1.02 mm)、N2充实度(0.19 g/cm)、N2茎粗(6.21 mm)与象牙香占的N2抗折力(9.93 N)、N2壁厚(0.66 mm)、N2充实度(0.11 g/cm)、N2茎粗(4.60 mm)相比均明显较大。F_(2)群体N2抗折力、N2长度、N2茎粗、茎秆壁厚、鲜重和充实度均呈连续分布,属于数量性状,由多基因控制。F_(2)群体的相关性分析结果表明,N2抗折力与株高呈正相关(r=0.18),N2抗折力与N2壁厚呈极显著正相关(r=0.75**);N2抗折力与N2充实度呈显著正相关(r=0.67*);N2抗折力与N2短轴呈正相关(r=0.52)、N2茎粗与N2长度呈负相关(r=-0.20)。【结论】粤禾丝苗×象牙香占F_(2)群体抗倒伏遗传机制研究表明,N2壁厚与N2抗折力呈极显著正相关,是茎秆抗倒伏的核心性状,是一个由多基因控制的数量性状。以N2壁厚为研究重点,将大大降低以往抗倒伏研究方法的复杂程度,为今后抗倒伏相关研究明确了目标和方向。

Relationship Between Allelopathic Effects and Functional Traits of Different Allelopathic Potential Rice Accessions at Different Growth Stages

In this study,effects of temperature,light and their interactions on allelopathic effects and the functional traits specific leaf area(SLA)and stem mass fraction(SMF)of different allelopathic potential rice accessions at different growth stages were analyzed.The main results were as follows:Allelopathic responses to temperature and light varied with different allelopathic potential rice accessions at different growth stages.With the rise of temperature and the extension of photoperiod,allelopathic effect increased firstly and then decreased at 2–3 leaf stage,but increased constantly at the 4–5 and 7–8 leaf stages in strong allelopathic rice accessions[O.longistaminata,F1(O.longistaminata×RD23),F2(RL159 and RL169)].Temperature had significant impact on allelopathic effect without considering light factors,but light showed little effect on rice allelopathy at the same temperature conditions.The greatest allelopathic effect was attained with moderate temperature and long photoperiod at 2–3 leaf stage in strong allelopathic rice accessions,but all the rice accessions showed weak allelopathic effects at the low temperature condition(15oC/10oC),and the influence of different factors on allelopathy followed a general trend as temperature>leaf stage>light,indicating that among the multiple factors impacting rice allelopathy,temperature was the main factor.Allelopathic characteristics of F1 and F2 to various temperature and light were similar to O.longistaminata,showing that allelopathic genes from wild rice can be expressed in its descendants.Temperature and light also had significant effects on SLA and SMF,and rice allelopathy was closely correlative to SLA in strong allelopathic rice accessions at the 4–5 and 7–8 leaf stages,but there was no correlation between rice allelopathy and SMF at different growth stages.These results suggested that rice adjust the relationship between allelopathy and SLA and adapt to the varied environments,and that high temperature and long photoperiod can enhance rice allelopathic activity.

水稻倒伏性状与抗倒途径研究进展

倒伏是水稻生产中普遍存在的问题,不仅制约了水稻高产、稳产和优质,也降低了水稻机械化收获效率。本文阐述了水稻的倒伏类型,水稻根系和茎秆形态、茎秆解剖结构及化学成分等与水稻倒伏的关系,并从选育抗倒品种、优化栽培方式、加强田间管理和应用化控技术等角度提出水稻抗倒途径,最后进行总结与展望。