The changes in activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion and concentrations of hormones in superior and inferior spikelets of super rice were investigated and their association with grain fill...The changes in activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion and concentrations of hormones in superior and inferior spikelets of super rice were investigated and their association with grain filling was analyzed.Four super rice cultivars,Liangyoupeijiu,IIyou 084,Huaidao 9 and Wujing 15,and two high-yielding and elite check cultivars,Shanyou 63 and Yangfujing 8,were used.The activities of sucrose synthase （SuSase）,adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase （AGPase）,starch synthase （StSase） and starch branching enzyme （SBE）,and the concentrations of zeatin ＋ zeatin riboside （Z ＋ ZR）,indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） and abscisic acid （ABA） in superior and inferior spikelets were determined during the grain filling period and their relationships with grain filling rate were analyzed.Maximum grain filling rate,the time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate,mean grain filling rate and brown rice weight for superior spikelets showed a slight difference between the super and check rice cultivars,but were significantly lower in the super rice than in the check rice for inferior spikelets.Changes of enzyme activities and hormone concentrations in grains exhibited single peak curves during the grain filling period.The peak values and the mean activities of SuSase,AGPase,StSase and SBE were lower in inferior spikelets than in superior ones,as well as the peak values and the mean concentrations of Z ＋ ZR and IAA.However,the peak value and the mean concentration of ABA were significantly higher in inferior spikelets than in superior ones and greater in the super rice than in the check rice.The grain filling rate was positively and significantly correlated with the activities of SuSase,AGPase and StSase and the concentrations of Z ＋ ZR and IAA.The results suggested that the low activities of SuSase,AGPase and StSase and the low concentrations of Z ＋ ZR and IAA might be important physiological reasons for the slow grain filling rate and light grain weight of inferior spikelets in super rice.展开更多
【目的】水稻籽粒灌浆是光合同化产物向籽粒运输并合成淀粉的生理过程,决定水稻结实率、粒重高低及品质优劣。籽粒灌浆过程不仅受遗传因素的影响,而且受到温度和水分等环境因子的调节。灌溉是水稻生产上一项重要的技术,对水稻产量的形...【目的】水稻籽粒灌浆是光合同化产物向籽粒运输并合成淀粉的生理过程,决定水稻结实率、粒重高低及品质优劣。籽粒灌浆过程不仅受遗传因素的影响,而且受到温度和水分等环境因子的调节。灌溉是水稻生产上一项重要的技术,对水稻产量的形成有重要调控作用。但有关花后灌溉方式对水稻籽粒淀粉合成相关基因表达的影响,缺乏研究。本研究旨在探讨花后干湿交替灌溉对水稻籽粒灌浆的影响并阐明其分子机理。【方法】2012—2013年以两优培九(两系杂交籼稻)和扬粳4038(杂交粳稻)为材料种植于土培池,自抽穗(50%穗伸出剑叶叶鞘)至成熟设置3种灌溉方式处理:(1)常规灌溉(conventional irrigation,CI),保持浅水层,收获前一周断水;(2)轻干-湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and moderate soil drying,WMD),自浅水层自然落干至土壤水势达-20 k Pa时,灌水1—2 cm,再自然落干至土壤水势为-20 k Pa,再上浅层水,如此循环;(3)重干-湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and severe soil drying,WSD),自浅水层自然落干至土壤水势达-40 k Pa时,灌水1—2 cm,再自然落干至土壤水势为-40 k Pa,再上浅层水,如此循环。观察花后干湿交替灌溉对水稻强、弱势粒灌浆速率、粒重和淀粉合成相关酶活性的影响,并应用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定编码这些酶基因的相对表达量。【结果】强势粒的平均灌浆速率、粒重、淀粉合成有关的蔗糖合酶(Su S)、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGP)、淀粉合酶(St S)和淀粉分支酶(SBE)等相关酶活性以及蔗糖合酶基因Su S2、Su S4,腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶基因AGPL1、AGPL2、AGPL3、AGPS2,淀粉合酶基因SSI、SSIIa、SSIIc、SSIIIa和淀粉分支酶基因SBEI、SBEIIb的相对表达量在3种灌溉方式处理间没有显著差异。与常规灌溉相比,轻干-湿交替灌溉处理显著增加了弱势粒的平均灌浆速率、粒重、4种籽粒淀粉合成相关酶活性和除AGPL1外各基因的相对表达量,重干-湿交替灌溉处理则显著降低弱势粒的平均灌浆速率、粒重、各淀粉合成相关酶活性和基因的相对表达量。两供试品种试验结果趋势一致。相关分析表明,弱势粒的平均灌浆速率、粒重与Su S、AGP、St S、SBE活性以及Su S2、Su S4、AGPL2、AGPL3、AGPS2、SSI、SSIIa、SSIIc、SSIIIa、SBEI、SBEIIb基因的相对表达量呈极显著正相关关系。【结论】在轻干-湿交替灌溉处理下,水稻弱势粒淀粉合成相关酶活性及其基因表达的增强促进了弱势粒中淀粉的合成与积累,提高灌浆速率和增加粒重;而在重干-湿交替灌溉处理下,弱势粒中上述淀粉合成相关酶活性和基因表达的下降使其灌浆速率和粒重显著降低。展开更多
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC-IRRI Joint Research Project 31061140457)General Project (Grant Nos. 31071360 and 31271641)+2 种基金the National Basic Research Program (Grant No.2009CB118603)the National Key Technology Support Program of China (Grant Nos. 2011BAD16B14 and 2012BAD04B08)the Basic Scientific Research Special Operation Cost of the Central Research Institutions in 2011 (Grant No. 201103003)
文摘The changes in activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion and concentrations of hormones in superior and inferior spikelets of super rice were investigated and their association with grain filling was analyzed.Four super rice cultivars,Liangyoupeijiu,IIyou 084,Huaidao 9 and Wujing 15,and two high-yielding and elite check cultivars,Shanyou 63 and Yangfujing 8,were used.The activities of sucrose synthase （SuSase）,adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase （AGPase）,starch synthase （StSase） and starch branching enzyme （SBE）,and the concentrations of zeatin ＋ zeatin riboside （Z ＋ ZR）,indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） and abscisic acid （ABA） in superior and inferior spikelets were determined during the grain filling period and their relationships with grain filling rate were analyzed.Maximum grain filling rate,the time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate,mean grain filling rate and brown rice weight for superior spikelets showed a slight difference between the super and check rice cultivars,but were significantly lower in the super rice than in the check rice for inferior spikelets.Changes of enzyme activities and hormone concentrations in grains exhibited single peak curves during the grain filling period.The peak values and the mean activities of SuSase,AGPase,StSase and SBE were lower in inferior spikelets than in superior ones,as well as the peak values and the mean concentrations of Z ＋ ZR and IAA.However,the peak value and the mean concentration of ABA were significantly higher in inferior spikelets than in superior ones and greater in the super rice than in the check rice.The grain filling rate was positively and significantly correlated with the activities of SuSase,AGPase and StSase and the concentrations of Z ＋ ZR and IAA.The results suggested that the low activities of SuSase,AGPase and StSase and the low concentrations of Z ＋ ZR and IAA might be important physiological reasons for the slow grain filling rate and light grain weight of inferior spikelets in super rice.
文摘【目的】水稻籽粒灌浆是光合同化产物向籽粒运输并合成淀粉的生理过程,决定水稻结实率、粒重高低及品质优劣。籽粒灌浆过程不仅受遗传因素的影响,而且受到温度和水分等环境因子的调节。灌溉是水稻生产上一项重要的技术,对水稻产量的形成有重要调控作用。但有关花后灌溉方式对水稻籽粒淀粉合成相关基因表达的影响,缺乏研究。本研究旨在探讨花后干湿交替灌溉对水稻籽粒灌浆的影响并阐明其分子机理。【方法】2012—2013年以两优培九(两系杂交籼稻)和扬粳4038(杂交粳稻)为材料种植于土培池,自抽穗(50%穗伸出剑叶叶鞘)至成熟设置3种灌溉方式处理:(1)常规灌溉(conventional irrigation,CI),保持浅水层,收获前一周断水;(2)轻干-湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and moderate soil drying,WMD),自浅水层自然落干至土壤水势达-20 k Pa时,灌水1—2 cm,再自然落干至土壤水势为-20 k Pa,再上浅层水,如此循环;(3)重干-湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and severe soil drying,WSD),自浅水层自然落干至土壤水势达-40 k Pa时,灌水1—2 cm,再自然落干至土壤水势为-40 k Pa,再上浅层水,如此循环。观察花后干湿交替灌溉对水稻强、弱势粒灌浆速率、粒重和淀粉合成相关酶活性的影响,并应用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定编码这些酶基因的相对表达量。【结果】强势粒的平均灌浆速率、粒重、淀粉合成有关的蔗糖合酶(Su S)、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGP)、淀粉合酶(St S)和淀粉分支酶(SBE)等相关酶活性以及蔗糖合酶基因Su S2、Su S4,腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶基因AGPL1、AGPL2、AGPL3、AGPS2,淀粉合酶基因SSI、SSIIa、SSIIc、SSIIIa和淀粉分支酶基因SBEI、SBEIIb的相对表达量在3种灌溉方式处理间没有显著差异。与常规灌溉相比,轻干-湿交替灌溉处理显著增加了弱势粒的平均灌浆速率、粒重、4种籽粒淀粉合成相关酶活性和除AGPL1外各基因的相对表达量,重干-湿交替灌溉处理则显著降低弱势粒的平均灌浆速率、粒重、各淀粉合成相关酶活性和基因的相对表达量。两供试品种试验结果趋势一致。相关分析表明,弱势粒的平均灌浆速率、粒重与Su S、AGP、St S、SBE活性以及Su S2、Su S4、AGPL2、AGPL3、AGPS2、SSI、SSIIa、SSIIc、SSIIIa、SBEI、SBEIIb基因的相对表达量呈极显著正相关关系。【结论】在轻干-湿交替灌溉处理下,水稻弱势粒淀粉合成相关酶活性及其基因表达的增强促进了弱势粒中淀粉的合成与积累,提高灌浆速率和增加粒重;而在重干-湿交替灌溉处理下,弱势粒中上述淀粉合成相关酶活性和基因表达的下降使其灌浆速率和粒重显著降低。
