Tobacco-planting plays an important role in ensuring the high-quality tobacco raw materials supply and the local social and economic development in Chenzhou City. In recent years whether tobacco-planting is better for...Tobacco-planting plays an important role in ensuring the high-quality tobacco raw materials supply and the local social and economic development in Chenzhou City. In recent years whether tobacco-planting is better for the maintenance and improvement of soil fertility than other crop-planting has been highly concerned. In this study, 16 soil fertility indicators and soil integrated index (<em>IFI</em>) were compared by 21 pairs of fields in Chenzhou city under the rotations of tobacco-rice (TF) and rice-rice (RR), and results showed that, comparing the mean values of soil fertility indicators, the contents of OM, TN, AN, AK, S and <em>IFI</em> were extremely significantly higher in TR than those in RR (p < 0.01), the contents of Cu, Ca, Mg and Fe were significantly higher in TR than those in RR (p < 0.05), but Mn content was significantly lower in TR than those in RR (p < 0.05). Meanwhile the contents of TP, TK and AP were insignificantly higher in TR than those in RR, and the contents of B, Mo and Zn were insignificantly lower in TR than those in RR. The above significant differences in soil fertility indicators were mainly due to relatively higher fertilizer inputs and less nutrient removal during tobacco-growing season than during rape-growing season, the net increase of N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>O are 8.61, 5.25 and 24.89 kg per 667 m<sup>2</sup> respectively in tobacco-growing season, while the net decrease of N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5 </sub>and K<sub>2</sub>O are 8.88, 4.70 and 4.62 kg per 667 m<sup>2</sup> respectively in rape-growing season. C.V. of soil fertility indicators and <em>IFI</em> were meanly lower in TR (52.25% and 15.95%, respectively) than those in RR (63.07% and 22.12%, respectively). Comparatively, tobacco-planting can improve soil fertility better than rape-planting when rotated with late rice in Chenzhou city. For tobacco-planting, Mg fertilizer should be applied for 23.8% TR fields, while more N, K, Ca, Mg, S and B fertilizers should be applied for 42.86%, 23.81%, 14.29%, 47.62%, 80.95% and 47.62% RR fields, respectively.展开更多
Soil siderophores are important for crop growth,benefit ferric iron absorption of root,and are affected by cropping patterns.The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantity of siderophores in soil of 2 contin...Soil siderophores are important for crop growth,benefit ferric iron absorption of root,and are affected by cropping patterns.The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantity of siderophores in soil of 2 continuous crop rotation patterns over 30 years in Anren country,China.Quantity and siderophore-producing capability of microorganisms in rice-riceoilseed rape(DDY)rotation and rice-rice(DD)rontinuous cropping rhizosphere soil were tested and analyzed by chrome azurol S method.Isolated strains were used to identify siderophore-producing microorganism(SPM)by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing.Results showed that 9 siderophore-producing bacteria strains were isolated from DDY rhizosphere soil while 7 strains were identified from DD rhizosphere soil.The mean solubility index which representing siderophore-producing capability of strains was 3.05.PCR amplification results indicated that bacterial were the major SPM in soil.This research indicates that crop rotation systems could drive microorganisms to produce siderophores and enrich them in bacterial communities.展开更多
Pot experiments were conducted under greenhouse condition to investigate whether Cd and Pb uptake by rice could be reduced when it was rotated with oilseed rape and compost application.The results showed that the rice...Pot experiments were conducted under greenhouse condition to investigate whether Cd and Pb uptake by rice could be reduced when it was rotated with oilseed rape and compost application.The results showed that the rice grown after oilseed rape had significantly lower Cd and Pb concentrations in both straw and grains.Cd and Pb concentrations in the grains of the rice rotated with oilseed rape decreased by approximately 46-80% and 17-86%,respectively,although the Cd and Pb removal by oilseed rape ranged only from 2.39-3.67 and 0.032-0.13% of the total content in soil.Compost amendment also decreased the bioavailability of Cd and Pb in the soil and reduced Cd and Pb uptake by oilseed rapes and rice.The concentrations of Cd and Pb significantly decreased in the exchangeable and carbonate fractions and Pb concentration decreased in the organic matter and sulfide fractions in the contaminated soil after planting oilseed rapes.展开更多
旱-旱和水-旱轮作是我国长江流域冬油菜的典型种植模式,氮养分缺乏是油菜产量主要限制因子。利用2016—2023年在湖北省武汉市布置的裂区同田对比定位试验,探究氮肥用量对不同轮作模式下油菜产量和氮素吸收利用的影响差异,为科学施氮提...旱-旱和水-旱轮作是我国长江流域冬油菜的典型种植模式,氮养分缺乏是油菜产量主要限制因子。利用2016—2023年在湖北省武汉市布置的裂区同田对比定位试验,探究氮肥用量对不同轮作模式下油菜产量和氮素吸收利用的影响差异,为科学施氮提供依据。试验设计的主处理为旱地油菜(玉米-油菜)和水田油菜(水稻-油菜)2种轮作模式,副处理为4个氮肥用量(0 kg N hm^(-2)、75 kg N hm^(-2)、150 kg N hm^(-2)、225 kg N hm^(-2)),分析了油菜产量、产量构成因子和氮素积累量等相关指标。7年试验结果表明,旱地和水田油菜的产量和氮素吸收在不同氮肥投入下的响应存在差异。当不施氮或低施氮(75 kg N hm^(-2))时,水田油菜产量显著高于旱地油菜,分别高出53.9%和20.8%,地上部氮素积累量分别高出57.8%和18.3%;当施氮量为150 kg N hm^(-2)时,2种轮作无显著差异;在高施氮(225 kg N hm^(-2))时,旱地油菜产量和氮素积累量较水田分别增加11.2%和16.0%。旱地油菜的氮肥农学利用效率、贡献率和表观利用率较水田油菜分别平均增加16.5%、20.5%和22.0%,氮肥对旱地油菜的增产潜力更大,但水田油菜季土壤基础氮素供应量较旱地高61.5%,对氮肥的依赖性更小。综上,增加氮肥用量显著提高了油菜产量和氮素积累,水田油菜在低氮投入下表现出较高的稳产性,而旱地油菜在较高氮投入下丰产潜力更高。因此,在实际生产中应根据不同轮作模式调整油菜施氮量,旱地油菜可以适当增加氮肥用量以获得高产,水田油菜要充分利用土壤供氮能力适当控制氮肥用量,以达到油菜高产高效生产和氮肥高效利用的目的。展开更多
A long-term fertilized paddy field under rice/rape rotation in the Taihu Lake Region was selected to investigate the dynamics of soil weed seed diversity.Four fertilizer treatments were performed,including non-fertili...A long-term fertilized paddy field under rice/rape rotation in the Taihu Lake Region was selected to investigate the dynamics of soil weed seed diversity.Four fertilizer treatments were performed,including non-fertilizer(NF),chemical fertilizer only(CF),chemical fertilizer combined with pig manure(CMF)and chemical fertilizer plus crop stalk(CSF).We recorded the seed numbers and crop yields,estimated the weed seed bank density and identified the kinds of weed seeds in the top-soil(0-15 cm)in the study area using a stereomicroscope.Based on the records,we analyzed the effect of long-term fertilization on soil weed seed bank diversity and the rela-tionship between weed seed diversity and crop yields.Comparing the four treatments,it was found that in the cultivating seasons of both rice and rape,the density of soil weed seed bank was the lowest with the treatment of chemical fertilizer plus crop stalk.Whereas,the total number of species and the weed seed bank diversity was the highest.Furthermore,the crop yields were at maximum and kept constant with this treatment.There was a definite correlation between fertilizer treatment and soil weed seed bank diversity and crop yields.It was concluded that balancing the fertilizer management was helpful in main-taining soil weed seed bank diversity,increasing crop yields and alleviating crop yield fluctuation.Therefore,among the four fertilizer treatments,chemical fertilizer plus rice crop stalk treatment was the best one to stimulate the productivity of agricultural ecosystems and simulta-neously protect biodiversity.展开更多
文摘Tobacco-planting plays an important role in ensuring the high-quality tobacco raw materials supply and the local social and economic development in Chenzhou City. In recent years whether tobacco-planting is better for the maintenance and improvement of soil fertility than other crop-planting has been highly concerned. In this study, 16 soil fertility indicators and soil integrated index (<em>IFI</em>) were compared by 21 pairs of fields in Chenzhou city under the rotations of tobacco-rice (TF) and rice-rice (RR), and results showed that, comparing the mean values of soil fertility indicators, the contents of OM, TN, AN, AK, S and <em>IFI</em> were extremely significantly higher in TR than those in RR (p < 0.01), the contents of Cu, Ca, Mg and Fe were significantly higher in TR than those in RR (p < 0.05), but Mn content was significantly lower in TR than those in RR (p < 0.05). Meanwhile the contents of TP, TK and AP were insignificantly higher in TR than those in RR, and the contents of B, Mo and Zn were insignificantly lower in TR than those in RR. The above significant differences in soil fertility indicators were mainly due to relatively higher fertilizer inputs and less nutrient removal during tobacco-growing season than during rape-growing season, the net increase of N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>O are 8.61, 5.25 and 24.89 kg per 667 m<sup>2</sup> respectively in tobacco-growing season, while the net decrease of N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5 </sub>and K<sub>2</sub>O are 8.88, 4.70 and 4.62 kg per 667 m<sup>2</sup> respectively in rape-growing season. C.V. of soil fertility indicators and <em>IFI</em> were meanly lower in TR (52.25% and 15.95%, respectively) than those in RR (63.07% and 22.12%, respectively). Comparatively, tobacco-planting can improve soil fertility better than rape-planting when rotated with late rice in Chenzhou city. For tobacco-planting, Mg fertilizer should be applied for 23.8% TR fields, while more N, K, Ca, Mg, S and B fertilizers should be applied for 42.86%, 23.81%, 14.29%, 47.62%, 80.95% and 47.62% RR fields, respectively.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31272248)the project of graduate innovation in Hunan Province (No. CX2017B364)
文摘Soil siderophores are important for crop growth,benefit ferric iron absorption of root,and are affected by cropping patterns.The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantity of siderophores in soil of 2 continuous crop rotation patterns over 30 years in Anren country,China.Quantity and siderophore-producing capability of microorganisms in rice-riceoilseed rape(DDY)rotation and rice-rice(DD)rontinuous cropping rhizosphere soil were tested and analyzed by chrome azurol S method.Isolated strains were used to identify siderophore-producing microorganism(SPM)by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing.Results showed that 9 siderophore-producing bacteria strains were isolated from DDY rhizosphere soil while 7 strains were identified from DD rhizosphere soil.The mean solubility index which representing siderophore-producing capability of strains was 3.05.PCR amplification results indicated that bacterial were the major SPM in soil.This research indicates that crop rotation systems could drive microorganisms to produce siderophores and enrich them in bacterial communities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40971261)the Special Fund for Argo-Scientific Reserch in the Public Interest,China (200903015).
文摘Pot experiments were conducted under greenhouse condition to investigate whether Cd and Pb uptake by rice could be reduced when it was rotated with oilseed rape and compost application.The results showed that the rice grown after oilseed rape had significantly lower Cd and Pb concentrations in both straw and grains.Cd and Pb concentrations in the grains of the rice rotated with oilseed rape decreased by approximately 46-80% and 17-86%,respectively,although the Cd and Pb removal by oilseed rape ranged only from 2.39-3.67 and 0.032-0.13% of the total content in soil.Compost amendment also decreased the bioavailability of Cd and Pb in the soil and reduced Cd and Pb uptake by oilseed rapes and rice.The concentrations of Cd and Pb significantly decreased in the exchangeable and carbonate fractions and Pb concentration decreased in the organic matter and sulfide fractions in the contaminated soil after planting oilseed rapes.
文摘旱-旱和水-旱轮作是我国长江流域冬油菜的典型种植模式,氮养分缺乏是油菜产量主要限制因子。利用2016—2023年在湖北省武汉市布置的裂区同田对比定位试验,探究氮肥用量对不同轮作模式下油菜产量和氮素吸收利用的影响差异,为科学施氮提供依据。试验设计的主处理为旱地油菜(玉米-油菜)和水田油菜(水稻-油菜)2种轮作模式,副处理为4个氮肥用量(0 kg N hm^(-2)、75 kg N hm^(-2)、150 kg N hm^(-2)、225 kg N hm^(-2)),分析了油菜产量、产量构成因子和氮素积累量等相关指标。7年试验结果表明,旱地和水田油菜的产量和氮素吸收在不同氮肥投入下的响应存在差异。当不施氮或低施氮(75 kg N hm^(-2))时,水田油菜产量显著高于旱地油菜,分别高出53.9%和20.8%,地上部氮素积累量分别高出57.8%和18.3%;当施氮量为150 kg N hm^(-2)时,2种轮作无显著差异;在高施氮(225 kg N hm^(-2))时,旱地油菜产量和氮素积累量较水田分别增加11.2%和16.0%。旱地油菜的氮肥农学利用效率、贡献率和表观利用率较水田油菜分别平均增加16.5%、20.5%和22.0%,氮肥对旱地油菜的增产潜力更大,但水田油菜季土壤基础氮素供应量较旱地高61.5%,对氮肥的依赖性更小。综上,增加氮肥用量显著提高了油菜产量和氮素积累,水田油菜在低氮投入下表现出较高的稳产性,而旱地油菜在较高氮投入下丰产潜力更高。因此,在实际生产中应根据不同轮作模式调整油菜施氮量,旱地油菜可以适当增加氮肥用量以获得高产,水田油菜要充分利用土壤供氮能力适当控制氮肥用量,以达到油菜高产高效生产和氮肥高效利用的目的。
文摘A long-term fertilized paddy field under rice/rape rotation in the Taihu Lake Region was selected to investigate the dynamics of soil weed seed diversity.Four fertilizer treatments were performed,including non-fertilizer(NF),chemical fertilizer only(CF),chemical fertilizer combined with pig manure(CMF)and chemical fertilizer plus crop stalk(CSF).We recorded the seed numbers and crop yields,estimated the weed seed bank density and identified the kinds of weed seeds in the top-soil(0-15 cm)in the study area using a stereomicroscope.Based on the records,we analyzed the effect of long-term fertilization on soil weed seed bank diversity and the rela-tionship between weed seed diversity and crop yields.Comparing the four treatments,it was found that in the cultivating seasons of both rice and rape,the density of soil weed seed bank was the lowest with the treatment of chemical fertilizer plus crop stalk.Whereas,the total number of species and the weed seed bank diversity was the highest.Furthermore,the crop yields were at maximum and kept constant with this treatment.There was a definite correlation between fertilizer treatment and soil weed seed bank diversity and crop yields.It was concluded that balancing the fertilizer management was helpful in main-taining soil weed seed bank diversity,increasing crop yields and alleviating crop yield fluctuation.Therefore,among the four fertilizer treatments,chemical fertilizer plus rice crop stalk treatment was the best one to stimulate the productivity of agricultural ecosystems and simulta-neously protect biodiversity.