Research on the strain gauge mounting scheme of track wheel force measurement system based on high-speed wheel/rail relationship test rig

Purpose-This paper aims to analyze the stress and strain distribution on the track wheel web surface and study the optimal strain gauge location for force measurement system of the track wheel.Design/methodology/approach-Finite element method was employed to analyze the stress and strain distribution on the track wheel web surface under varying wheel-rail forces.Locations with minimal coupling interference between vertical and lateral forces were identified as suitable for strain gauge installation.Findings-The results show that due to the track wheel web’s unique curved shape and wheel-rail force loading mechanism,both tensile and compressive states exit on the surface of the web.When vertical force is applied,Mises stress and strain are relatively high near the inner radius of 710 mm and the outer radius of 1110mmof the web.Under lateral force,high Mises stress and strain are observed near the radius of 670mmon the inner and outer sides of the web.As the wheel-rail force application point shifts laterally toward the outer side,the Mises stress and strain near the inner radius of 710 mm of the web gradually decrease under vertical force while gradually increasing near the outer radius of 1110 mm of the web.Under lateral force,the Mises stress and strain on the surface of the web remain relatively unchanged regardless of the wheel-rail force application point.Based on the analysis of stress and strain on the surface of the web under different wheel-rail forces,the inner radius of 870 mm is recommended as the optimal mounting location of strain gauges for measuring vertical force,while the inner radius of 1143 mm is suitable for measuring lateral force.Originality/value-The research findings provide valuable insights for determining optimal strain gauge locations and designing an effective track wheel force measurement system.

Development of a Test Rig for Axial Strains Measurement in Automobile Wheel

In automobile wheel application, a test rig is vital and used to simulate conditions of the wheel in service in order to affirm the safety and reliability of the wheel. The present work designed a test rig for measuring axial strains in automobile wheel. The wheel used was a five-arm wheel (6JX14H2;ET 42) and Tyre (175 × 65 R 14). Experimental (EXP) test was carried out, with a radial load of 4750 N and inflation pressure of 0.3 MPa, to measure the axil strains which were converted to maximum principal strain values and, compared with data from Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using Creo-Element/Pro 5.0 at wheel’s contact angles of 90 degree (FEA 90 deg), 40 degree (FEA 40 deg) and 30.25 degree (FEA 30.25 deg), respectively. Results show that at the wheel’s point of contact with the ground, maximum principal strain values were highest at the inboard bead seat with a value of about 5.69 × 10-4 mm/mm, followed by the values at the well of about 5.66 × 10-4 mm/mm. The value at the outboard bead seat was least at about 2.22 × 10-4 mm/mm, which was due to the presence of spikes at this location that tends to resist imposed radial loads. However, the highest mean maximum principal strain values at the locations of inboard, well and outboard, were about 2.11 × 10-4 mm/mm, 3.78 × 10-4 mm/mm and .99 × 10-4 mm/mm, respectively. With the highest single value of about 5.69 × 10-4 mm/mm, the inboard bead seat was the most strained location of the wheel. Overall results showed that all values of maximum principal strains were below the threshold value of about 1 × 10-2 mm/mm. The values obtained for EXP and FEA could be said to be in close agreement when compared with the threshold value. With this in mind, the rig is recommended for use in related experimental procedures.

Finite Element Analysis of Jumbo Rig Assembly for Tunneling

This paper describes the force acting the assembly of the jumbo rig for tunneling.The finite element analysis is used to calculate this machine structure on its different working states.

基于改进RIG算法的动态诊断策略生成

针对TEAMS生成的静态诊断策略无法满足现场诊断的需求,在研究rollout信息启发式(RIG)算法的基础上,提出了一种基于改进RIG算法的动态诊断策略生成方法。首先通过改进原有的RIG算法使之符合动态诊断的需要;然后根据现场诊断过程中出现的各种具体情况,获取局部D矩阵;在此基础上利用改进的RIG算法选择出下一步最佳的测试,最终实现了故障诊断策略的动态生成。仿真实例表明,若直接采用基于RIG算法的静态诊断策略,需要4种类型的测试;若采用基于改进RIG算法的动态诊断策略生成方法,只需选择一步测试即能诊断出系统故障。该方法能够实现维修人员的交互式诊断,有效地提高了故障诊断策略的实用性。

甘露消毒丹及其挥发油对流感病毒感染小鼠RIGⅠ/NF-κB信号通路的影响

目的观察甘露消毒丹及其挥发油对流感病毒感染小鼠血清中白细胞介素4(IL-4)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、干扰素α/β(IFN-α/β)含量及肺组织中非结构蛋白1(NS1)、维甲酸诱导基因Ⅰ(RIG-Ⅰ)mRNA、核因子κB(NF-κB)蛋白的影响,以探讨甘露消毒丹及其挥发油抗病毒作用的分子机制。方法选择SPF级BALB/c小鼠36只,雌雄各半,随机分为6组,分别为正常组、模型组、灌胃组、滴鼻组、灌胃滴鼻合用组、奥司他韦组,每组6只。除正常组外,其余5组以流感病毒FM1-6-E2滴鼻造模。于造模后第7天,摘眼球放血处死小鼠,通过透射电子显微镜对肺组织进行检测以及图像分析,采用ELISA法测定血清中IL-4、TNF-α、IFN-α/β含量,qRT-PCR检测各组小鼠肺组织中NS1、RIG-ⅠmRNA的表达,Western blot方法测定各组小鼠肺组织NF-κB蛋白的表达。结果 (1)流感病毒感染后模型小鼠肺组织超微结构可见Ⅱ型细胞坏死、肺泡结构破坏,肺泡腔内纤毛增粗、脱落,形成肺部炎症;各治疗组均可改善肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞超微结构的异常改变。(2)流感病毒感染小鼠后,血清中IL-4、TNF-α、IFN-α/β的含量及肺组织中的NS1、RIG-ⅠmRNA、NF-κB蛋白表达均高于正常组,模型组与正常组比较,差异显著;与模型组比较,灌胃组、滴鼻组、灌胃滴鼻合用组、奥司他韦组血清中IFN-α/β含量显著升高,IL-4、TNF-α含量及NS1 mRNA、RIG-ⅠmRNA、NF-κB蛋白表达明显下调(P<0.05),甘露消毒丹各治疗组不同剂型抗流感病毒作用差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),灌胃滴鼻合用组>灌胃组>滴鼻组。结论甘露消毒丹具有抗流感病毒感染的作用,通过抑制RIG-Ⅰ/NF-κB信号传导通路的活化,阻止炎症的病理反应,提高免疫因子含量,降低流感病毒引起的免疫炎性损伤。

浅层稠油开采用全液压斜直井修井机研制

目前国内用于油田浅层稠油开采中的斜直井修井机技术相对落后,还不能满足现场作业的要求。提出了全液压斜直井修井机的设计方案和技术参数;对该修井机的主要零部件和系统(如液压系统、游动吊卡、抓管机、可调底座、支架、接送管装置、油管对中及上卸扣装置等)进行了详细设计。全液压斜直井修井机经过试制和一年多的现场应用,结果表明:其结构设计合理,使用安全可靠,减少了作业人员,大幅降低了作业人员劳动强度。

Generating animatable 3D cartoon faces from single portraits

Background With the development of virtual reality(VR)technology,there is a growing need for customized 3D avatars.However,traditional methods for 3D avatar modeling are either time-consuming or fail to retain the similarity to the person being modeled.This study presents a novel framework for generating animatable 3D cartoon faces from a single portrait image.Methods First,we transferred an input real-world portrait to a stylized cartoon image using StyleGAN.We then proposed a two-stage reconstruction method to recover a 3D cartoon face with detailed texture.Our two-stage strategy initially performs coarse estimation based on template models and subsequently refines the model by nonrigid deformation under landmark supervision.Finally,we proposed a semantic-preserving face-rigging method based on manually created templates and deformation transfer.Conclusions Compared with prior arts,the qualitative and quantitative results show that our method achieves better accuracy,aesthetics,and similarity criteria.Furthermore,we demonstrated the capability of the proposed 3D model for real-time facial animation.

Rig-I基因表达下降对成熟B细胞株的影响

Rig-I是全反式维甲酸诱导NB4细胞分化过程的上调基因,可能与细胞分化有关。通过RNAi的方法,使一株B细胞株(1B4.B6.细胞株)的Rig-I下降,研究其下调后对该B细胞株的影响。结果表明Rig-I下调表达使1B4.B6.细胞株中的CD138单阳性细胞比例明显减少,B220单阳性和CD138+B220+双阳性细胞不同程度的升高,这可能与B细胞株分化成浆细胞有关,同时Rig-I下调使LPS刺激该细胞株产生IgG3的胚系转录本(germlinetranscript)的表达下调。提示Rig-I可能参与抗体类别转换。

加味五痹汤(肺痹)干预流感病毒感染诱导RIG-I/IFN-I信号通路作用机制研究

目的:观察加味五痹汤(肺痹)对流感病毒(IV)感染的BALB/c小鼠肺组织病理炎症及诱导RIG-I/IFN-I信号通路的作用机制。方法:SPF级BALB/c小鼠24只,随机分为正常组(A组)、模型组(B组)、加味五痹汤(肺痹)组(C组)、奥司他韦组(D组),除A组外,其余3组以IV FM1-6-E2滴鼻造模。于造模后第7天进行取材,镜下观察小鼠肺组织病理切片,采用qPCR法检测RIG-ImRNA的表达、ELISA法测定血清中IFN-α/β含量、Western-blot法检测NF-κB蛋白的表达。结果:IV感染后B组小鼠肺组织出现水肿、肺泡隔增厚与炎性细胞浸润,各治疗组肺部炎症有不同程度减轻。IV感染组小鼠肺组织内RIG-I的mRNA水平显著升高,与B组相比,C组RIG-I的mRNA表达量升高(P<0.05);感染组NF-κB蛋白表达增高,各治疗组可下调其表达;感染组血清中的IFN-α/β含量增高(P<0.05),治疗组能明显升高IFN-α/β含量(P<0.05),且C组与D组比较有差异性(P<0.05)。结论:加味五痹汤(肺痹)具有抗IV感染的作用,增加RIG-I和IFN-α/β含量及抑制NF-κB表达是其作用机制之一,且RIG-I/IFN-I可能是其信号通路的作用靶点。

Analysis of wheel-rail adhesion redundancy considering the thirdbody medium on the rail surface

Purpose–In response to the problem of insufficient traction/braking adhesion force caused by the existence of the third-body medium on the rail surface,this study aims to analyze the utilization of wheel-rail adhesion coefficient under different medium conditions and propose relevant measures for reasonable and optimized utilization of adhesion to ensure the traction/braking performance and operation safety of trains.Design/methodology/approach–Based on the PLS-160 wheel-rail adhesion simulation test rig,the study investigates the variation patterns of maximum utilized adhesion characteristics on the rail surface under different conditions of small creepage and large slip.Through statistical analysis of multiple sets of experimental data,the statistical distribution patterns of maximum utilized adhesion on the rail surface are obtained,and a method for analyzing wheel-rail adhesion redundancy based on normal distribution is proposed.The study analyzes the utilization of traction/braking adhesion,as well as adhesion redundancy,for different medium under small creepage and large slip conditions.Based on these findings,relevant measures for the reasonable and optimized utilization of adhesion are derived.Findings–When the third-body medium exists on the rail surface,the train should adopt the low-level service braking to avoid the braking skidding by extending the braking distance.Compared with the current adhesion control strategy of small creepage,adopting appropriate strategies to control the train’s adhesion coefficient near the second peak point of the adhesion coefficient-slip ratio curve in large slip can effectively improve the traction/braking adhesion redundancy and the upper limit of adhesion utilization,thereby ensuring the traction/braking performance and operation safety of the train.Originality/value–Most existing studies focus on the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient values and variation patterns under different medium conditions,without considering whether the rail surface with different medium can provide sufficient traction/braking utilized adhesion coefficient for the train.Therefore,there is a risk of traction overspeeding/braking skidding.This study analyzes whether the rail surface with different medium can provide sufficient traction/braking utilized adhesion coefficient for the train and whether there is redundancy.Based on these findings,relevant measures for the reasonable and optimized utilization of adhesion are derived to further ensure operation safety of the train.

天然免疫受体RIG-Ⅰ的翻译后修饰及其功能调控

RIG-Ⅰ样受体（RIG-Ⅰ-like receptors,RLRs）属于DEx D/H box RNA解旋酶家族,在胞浆中感知RNA病毒相关分子模式（Pathogen-associated molecular patterns,PAMPs）,介导下游信号转导和转录因子的活化,启动机体抗病毒天然免疫应答。

GPS授时的IRIG-B(DC)码编码设计与实现

引言 随着科学技术的迅速发展，各种电了技术对于时间的精度要求也越来越高。因此作为高精度的全球定位系统和授时系统，GPS技术得到了广泛的运用，由于其精度可以达到“S级，所以其在很多设备中部作为精确的授时源，因此很多公司都推出了基于GPS的同步对时装置。时间码IRIG．B作为一种重要的时间同步传输的方式，

RIG-I信号转导途径在机体抗病毒中的作用

在真核生物体内,除了能够识别入侵机体的病毒RNA的TOLL样受体外,近年来发现了另一种能够识别病毒RNA的细胞质内受体——RIG-I。RIG-I能够识别病毒的RNA组分,并通过自身的CARD与下游信号分子MAVS的CARD相互作用来传递信号,激活细胞转录因子IRF-3和NF-κB,使其进入细胞核内,诱导β干扰素的表达,从而启动固有免疫应答和调节随后的获得性免疫应答,增强机体抵抗病毒的能力。另外,近年来的研究还发现了两个与RIG-I在序列、功能上都有很大相似性的病毒RNA识别蛋白质:MDA5和LGP2。

Technology of load-sensitivity used in the hydraulic system of an all-hydraulic core rig

The existing hydraulic system always have problems of temperature rise,runningstability and anti-interference of the implementation components,reliability of hydrauliccomponents,maintenance difficulties,and other issues.With high efficiency,energysaving,reliability,easy operating,stable running,anti-interference ability,and other advantages,the load-sensitive hydraulic system is more suitable for coal mine all-hydrauliccore rig.Therefore,for the technical development of the coal mine all-hydraulic core rig,the load-sensitive technology employed by the rig should be of great significance.

Real-time multibody modeling and simulation of a scaled bogie test rig

In wheel–rail adhesion studies,most of the test rigs used are simplified designs such as a single wheel or wheelset,but the results may not be accurate.Alternatively,representing the complex system by using a full vehicle model provides accurate results but may incur complexity in design.To trade off accuracy over complexity,a bogie model can be the optimum selection.Furthermore,only a real-time model can replicate its physical counterpart in the time domain.Developing such a model requires broad expertise and appropriate software and hardware.A few published works are available which deal with real-time modeling.However,the influence of the control system has not been included in those works.To address these issues,a real-time scaled bogie test rig including the control system is essential.Therefore,a 1:4 scaled bogie roller rig is developed to study the adhesion between wheel and roller contact.To compare the performances obtained from the scaled bogie test rig and to expand the test applications,a numerical simulation model of that scaled bogie test rig is developed using Gensys multibody software.This model is the complete model of the test rig which delivers more precise results.To exactly represent the physical counterpart system in the time domain,a real-time scaled bogie test rig(RT-SBTR)is developed after four consecutive stages.Then,to simulate the RT-SBTR to solve the internal state equations and functions representing the physical counterpart system in rigs used are simplified designs such as a single wheel or wheelset,but the results may not be accurate.Alternatively,representing the complex system by using a full vehicle model provides accurate results but may incur complexity in design.To trade off accuracy over complexity,a bogie model can be the optimum selection.Furthermore,only a real-time model can replicate its physical counterpart in the time domain.Developing such a model requires broad expertise and appropriate software and hardware.A few published works are available which deal with real-time modeling.However,the influence of the control system has not been included in those works.To address these issues,a real-time scaled bogie test rig including the control system is essential.Therefore,a 1:4 scaled bogie roller rig is developed to study the adhesion between wheel and roller contact.To compare the performances obtained from the scaled bogie test rig and to expand the test applications,a numerical simulation model of that scaled bogie test rig is developed using Gensys multibody software.This model is the complete model of the test rig which delivers more precise results.To exactly represent the physical counterpart system in the time domain,a real-time scaled bogie test rig(RT-SBTR)is developed after four consecutive stages.Then,to simulate the RT-SBTR to solve the internal state equations and functions representing the physical counterpart system in equal or less than actual time,the real-time simulation environment is prepared in two stages.To such end,the computational time improved from 4 times slower than real time to 2 times faster than real time.Finally,the real-time scaled bogie model is also incorporated with the braking control system which slightly reduces the computational performances without affecting real-time capability.

Research on Prevention of Ship Collisions with Oil Rigs

The consequences of ship collisions with an oil rig, offshore installation or platform can be far more expensive in relation to safety, environment and costs of damage. The damage due to a single incident of an Oil Rig Collision can be catastrophic due to the number of people on board and the added risk of explosion. However, the existing rules and regulations of collisions prevention are insufficient. The purpose of this article is to critically evaluate the risk of ships collisions with offshore platforms and installations and therefore propose an international regulation for the preventions of this type of collisions.

ENERGY-SAVING TYPE OF HYDRAULIC WORKOVER RIG AND SIMULATION FOR LOWERING PIPESTRING

Research has been done on an energy-saving type of hydraulic workover rig. This rig can recover and reuse the potential energy which is released by the pipestring when lowered, and the equipped power of this rig is only one third of an ordinary rig. The structure and theory of this rig are introduced. The mathematical model of lowering the pipestring is established and a simulation analysis is conducted. Through simulation some conclusions are obtained： The lighter the pipestring is, the less velocity of lowering the pipestring is; The smaller the throttle valve path area is, the less velocity of lowering the pipestring is; Different air vessel volumes have no evident effect on the pipestring lowering velocity. The actual measure results prove that the simulation results are right. Finally, the energy-saving effect of this rig is proved by the field test results.

Design and Development of Hydraulic Disc Brake Systems for Well Servicing Rig Drawworks

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Test Rig Effect on Performance Measurement for Low Loaded Large-Diameter Fan for Automotive Application

Large diameter fans with low solidity are widely used in automotive application for engine cooling. Their designs with small chord length help reducing the torque on the electrical motor and providing a good aerodynamic compromise between several operating conditions, some of these being at high flow rate. Their global performances are measured according to the ISO standard DP 5801, which allows comparison of results from different facilities. However, some variations in global performances are observed when considering results from two different test rigs. On a fan selected for the purpose of this study, up to 6 % of efficiency is lost on the worst case. As efficiency is more than ever a key factor to select a component, some experimental and numerical investigations were conducted to analyze the fan behavior on each facility. Two sets of measurement and simulation are performed and compared. Geometries considered for the domain of computation include the test rig plenum, the torquemeter, the ground and a large domain for the atmospheric conditions. The exact fan geometry with tip clearance and under-hub ribs is also considered. Numerical results show a good agreement with experiment in both cases when convergence is reached and for low flow rate when computations are switched to unsteady mode. Comparisons show that simulations are able to capture the different fan behaviors depending on the confguration and those efficiency losses previously observed are correctly predicted. These results are further analyzed to perform some post-processing. Blade loading remains identical for both cases but disparities appear in the wake and its interaction with the surrounding. Tiny details that are often neglected during experiment and/or simulation appear to be the cause of slight variations. Position of the torquemeter and shape of the plenum are among the parameters that various and that have cumulative effects. Efficiency being a ration of pressure and torque, variations are rather important. Finally, these results are discussed in terms of rules for conception and a new geometry less sensible to loss of efficiency is proposed.

Processing the rig test data of an air filling twin-tube shock absorber

A separation method is proposed to design and improve shock absorber according to the characteristics of each force. The method is validated by rig test. The force data measured during rig test is the resultant force of damping force, rebound force produced by pressed air, and friction force. Different characters of damping force, air rebound force and friction force can be applied to seperate each force from others. A massive produced air filling shock absorber is adopted for the validation. The statistic test is used to get the displacement-force curves. The data are used as the input of separation calculation. Then the tests are carried out again to obtain the force data without air rebound force. The force without air rebound is compared to the data derived from the former tests with the separation method. The result shows that this method can separate the damping force and the air elastic force.