Carex rigescens （Franch.） V. Krecz is a wild turfgrass perennial species in the Carex genus that is widely distributed in salinised areas of northern China. To investigate genome-wide salt-response gene networks in ...Carex rigescens （Franch.） V. Krecz is a wild turfgrass perennial species in the Carex genus that is widely distributed in salinised areas of northern China. To investigate genome-wide salt-response gene networks in C. rigescens, transcriptome analysis using high-throughput RNA sequencing on C. rigescens exposed to a 0.4% salt treatment （Cr_Salt） was compared to a non-salt control （Cr_Ctrl）. In total, 57 742 546 and 47 063 488 clean reads were obtained from the Cr Ctrl and Cr Salt treatments, respectively. Additionally, 21 954 unigenes were found and annotated using multiple databases. Among these unigenes, 34 were found to respond to salt stress at a statistically significant level with 6 genes up-regulated and 28 downregulated. Specifically, genes encoding an EF-hand domain, ZFP and AP2 were responsive to salt stress, highlighting their roles in future research regarding salt tolerance in C. rigescens and other plants. According to our quantitative RT-PCR results, the expression pattern of all detected differentially expressed genes were consistent with the RNA-seq results. Furthermore, we identified 11 643 simple sequence repeats （SSRs） from the unigenes. A total of 144 amplified successfully in the C. rigescens cultivar LOping 1, and 69 of them reflected polymorphisms between the two genotypes tested. This is the first genome-wide transcriptome study of C. rigescens in both salt-responsive gene investigation and SSR marker exploration. Our results provide further insights into genome annotation, novel gene discovery, molecular breeding and comparative genomics in C. rigescens and related grass species.展开更多
Two new phenolic glycosides, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester 3-O-β-o-glucopyranosyl-（1-6）-β-D-glucopyranoside （1） and 2,5-dihydroxylbenzofuran 5-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-（1-6）-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （2）, ...Two new phenolic glycosides, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester 3-O-β-o-glucopyranosyl-（1-6）-β-D-glucopyranoside （1） and 2,5-dihydroxylbenzofuran 5-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-（1-6）-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （2）, were isolated as the minor chemical constituents from the roots of Gentiana rigescens, along with 15 known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR and chemical method. All of these compounds were isolated for the first time from the title plant. Moreover, compounds 1 and 2 were tested for the antifungal activities on three plant pathogens Peronophythora litchi, Glomerella cingulata, and Glorosprium musarum.展开更多
Objective:In the present study,Gentiana rigescens was screened for fungi communities to clarify their diversity and community assemblage in hosts.Meanwhile,the identification and activity assays of the strains were al...Objective:In the present study,Gentiana rigescens was screened for fungi communities to clarify their diversity and community assemblage in hosts.Meanwhile,the identification and activity assays of the strains were also conducted.Methods:By culture-dependent(endophytic fungi isolations from plant sections)and culture-independent(metagenomic library and cloning from plant sections)techniques,fungi communities were studied.The metagenomic library was generated using direct DNA isolation of whole plants,plant radixes,plant stems,plant leaves,plant flowers and soils around the plant.Meanwhile,endophytes were isolated from all parts ofG.rigescens plants.After fermentation of the fungi isolations,all the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against four kinds of human cancer cell lines(HCT116,BEL7404,A549,MDA-MB-231).Results:Eventually,200 strains were isolated and 103 strains were further identified through the internal transcribed spacer(ITS,ITS1 and ITS2 regions)sequence by using the universal primers ITS5 and ITS4.A total of 59,106 fungal sequences corresponding to 374 putative operational taxonomic units(OTU)were identified by 454 pyrosequencing.Through 454 pyrosequencing,the main fungal genera were Sebacina,Botrytis,Mycosphaerella,Boletus and Gibberella,and the major fungal genera which were directly isolated were Aspergillus,Fusarium,Penicillium and Alternaria.Activity assays showed strains 5-26(Aspergillus sp.)and 6-2(Fusarium avenaceum)had the outstanding cytotoxicity to all the tested cell lines with IC5o values<5μg/mL.Conclusion:This study revealed the abundance of endogenetic fungal resources and a variety of genetic information in G.rigescens by high-throughput 454 sequencing technology and fungi isolation methods.Activity assays indicated that endophytes were a promising natural source of potential anticancer agents.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31472139)
文摘Carex rigescens （Franch.） V. Krecz is a wild turfgrass perennial species in the Carex genus that is widely distributed in salinised areas of northern China. To investigate genome-wide salt-response gene networks in C. rigescens, transcriptome analysis using high-throughput RNA sequencing on C. rigescens exposed to a 0.4% salt treatment （Cr_Salt） was compared to a non-salt control （Cr_Ctrl）. In total, 57 742 546 and 47 063 488 clean reads were obtained from the Cr Ctrl and Cr Salt treatments, respectively. Additionally, 21 954 unigenes were found and annotated using multiple databases. Among these unigenes, 34 were found to respond to salt stress at a statistically significant level with 6 genes up-regulated and 28 downregulated. Specifically, genes encoding an EF-hand domain, ZFP and AP2 were responsive to salt stress, highlighting their roles in future research regarding salt tolerance in C. rigescens and other plants. According to our quantitative RT-PCR results, the expression pattern of all detected differentially expressed genes were consistent with the RNA-seq results. Furthermore, we identified 11 643 simple sequence repeats （SSRs） from the unigenes. A total of 144 amplified successfully in the C. rigescens cultivar LOping 1, and 69 of them reflected polymorphisms between the two genotypes tested. This is the first genome-wide transcriptome study of C. rigescens in both salt-responsive gene investigation and SSR marker exploration. Our results provide further insights into genome annotation, novel gene discovery, molecular breeding and comparative genomics in C. rigescens and related grass species.
文摘Two new phenolic glycosides, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester 3-O-β-o-glucopyranosyl-（1-6）-β-D-glucopyranoside （1） and 2,5-dihydroxylbenzofuran 5-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-（1-6）-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （2）, were isolated as the minor chemical constituents from the roots of Gentiana rigescens, along with 15 known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR and chemical method. All of these compounds were isolated for the first time from the title plant. Moreover, compounds 1 and 2 were tested for the antifungal activities on three plant pathogens Peronophythora litchi, Glomerella cingulata, and Glorosprium musarum.
基金We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81403034)for their financial support of this work.
文摘Objective:In the present study,Gentiana rigescens was screened for fungi communities to clarify their diversity and community assemblage in hosts.Meanwhile,the identification and activity assays of the strains were also conducted.Methods:By culture-dependent(endophytic fungi isolations from plant sections)and culture-independent(metagenomic library and cloning from plant sections)techniques,fungi communities were studied.The metagenomic library was generated using direct DNA isolation of whole plants,plant radixes,plant stems,plant leaves,plant flowers and soils around the plant.Meanwhile,endophytes were isolated from all parts ofG.rigescens plants.After fermentation of the fungi isolations,all the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against four kinds of human cancer cell lines(HCT116,BEL7404,A549,MDA-MB-231).Results:Eventually,200 strains were isolated and 103 strains were further identified through the internal transcribed spacer(ITS,ITS1 and ITS2 regions)sequence by using the universal primers ITS5 and ITS4.A total of 59,106 fungal sequences corresponding to 374 putative operational taxonomic units(OTU)were identified by 454 pyrosequencing.Through 454 pyrosequencing,the main fungal genera were Sebacina,Botrytis,Mycosphaerella,Boletus and Gibberella,and the major fungal genera which were directly isolated were Aspergillus,Fusarium,Penicillium and Alternaria.Activity assays showed strains 5-26(Aspergillus sp.)and 6-2(Fusarium avenaceum)had the outstanding cytotoxicity to all the tested cell lines with IC5o values<5μg/mL.Conclusion:This study revealed the abundance of endogenetic fungal resources and a variety of genetic information in G.rigescens by high-throughput 454 sequencing technology and fungi isolation methods.Activity assays indicated that endophytes were a promising natural source of potential anticancer agents.
