Generating animatable 3D cartoon faces from single portraits

Background With the development of virtual reality(VR)technology,there is a growing need for customized 3D avatars.However,traditional methods for 3D avatar modeling are either time-consuming or fail to retain the similarity to the person being modeled.This study presents a novel framework for generating animatable 3D cartoon faces from a single portrait image.Methods First,we transferred an input real-world portrait to a stylized cartoon image using StyleGAN.We then proposed a two-stage reconstruction method to recover a 3D cartoon face with detailed texture.Our two-stage strategy initially performs coarse estimation based on template models and subsequently refines the model by nonrigid deformation under landmark supervision.Finally,we proposed a semantic-preserving face-rigging method based on manually created templates and deformation transfer.Conclusions Compared with prior arts,the qualitative and quantitative results show that our method achieves better accuracy,aesthetics,and similarity criteria.Furthermore,we demonstrated the capability of the proposed 3D model for real-time facial animation.

Research on the strain gauge mounting scheme of track wheel force measurement system based on high-speed wheel/rail relationship test rig

Purpose-This paper aims to analyze the stress and strain distribution on the track wheel web surface and study the optimal strain gauge location for force measurement system of the track wheel.Design/methodology/approach-Finite element method was employed to analyze the stress and strain distribution on the track wheel web surface under varying wheel-rail forces.Locations with minimal coupling interference between vertical and lateral forces were identified as suitable for strain gauge installation.Findings-The results show that due to the track wheel web’s unique curved shape and wheel-rail force loading mechanism,both tensile and compressive states exit on the surface of the web.When vertical force is applied,Mises stress and strain are relatively high near the inner radius of 710 mm and the outer radius of 1110mmof the web.Under lateral force,high Mises stress and strain are observed near the radius of 670mmon the inner and outer sides of the web.As the wheel-rail force application point shifts laterally toward the outer side,the Mises stress and strain near the inner radius of 710 mm of the web gradually decrease under vertical force while gradually increasing near the outer radius of 1110 mm of the web.Under lateral force,the Mises stress and strain on the surface of the web remain relatively unchanged regardless of the wheel-rail force application point.Based on the analysis of stress and strain on the surface of the web under different wheel-rail forces,the inner radius of 870 mm is recommended as the optimal mounting location of strain gauges for measuring vertical force,while the inner radius of 1143 mm is suitable for measuring lateral force.Originality/value-The research findings provide valuable insights for determining optimal strain gauge locations and designing an effective track wheel force measurement system.

Analysis of wheel-rail adhesion redundancy considering the thirdbody medium on the rail surface

Purpose–In response to the problem of insufficient traction/braking adhesion force caused by the existence of the third-body medium on the rail surface,this study aims to analyze the utilization of wheel-rail adhesion coefficient under different medium conditions and propose relevant measures for reasonable and optimized utilization of adhesion to ensure the traction/braking performance and operation safety of trains.Design/methodology/approach–Based on the PLS-160 wheel-rail adhesion simulation test rig,the study investigates the variation patterns of maximum utilized adhesion characteristics on the rail surface under different conditions of small creepage and large slip.Through statistical analysis of multiple sets of experimental data,the statistical distribution patterns of maximum utilized adhesion on the rail surface are obtained,and a method for analyzing wheel-rail adhesion redundancy based on normal distribution is proposed.The study analyzes the utilization of traction/braking adhesion,as well as adhesion redundancy,for different medium under small creepage and large slip conditions.Based on these findings,relevant measures for the reasonable and optimized utilization of adhesion are derived.Findings–When the third-body medium exists on the rail surface,the train should adopt the low-level service braking to avoid the braking skidding by extending the braking distance.Compared with the current adhesion control strategy of small creepage,adopting appropriate strategies to control the train’s adhesion coefficient near the second peak point of the adhesion coefficient-slip ratio curve in large slip can effectively improve the traction/braking adhesion redundancy and the upper limit of adhesion utilization,thereby ensuring the traction/braking performance and operation safety of the train.Originality/value–Most existing studies focus on the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient values and variation patterns under different medium conditions,without considering whether the rail surface with different medium can provide sufficient traction/braking utilized adhesion coefficient for the train.Therefore,there is a risk of traction overspeeding/braking skidding.This study analyzes whether the rail surface with different medium can provide sufficient traction/braking utilized adhesion coefficient for the train and whether there is redundancy.Based on these findings,relevant measures for the reasonable and optimized utilization of adhesion are derived to further ensure operation safety of the train.

Online asymmetry estimation for whole angle mode coriolis vibratory gyroscopes by high frequency injection

The whole angle mode gyroscope(WAMG)is considered to be the next generation architecture,but it is suffered from the asymmetry errors to conduct real products.This paper proposes a novel high frequency injection based approach for the error parameters online identification for the WAMG.The significance is that it can separate physical and error fingerprints to enable online calibration.The nonlinear WAMG dynamics are discretized to meet the requirement of numerical precision and computation efficiency.The optimized estimation methods are then constructed and compared to track asymmetry error parameters continuously.In the validation part,its results firstly prove that the proposed scheme can accurately identify constant asymmetry parameters with an overall tracking error of less than 1 ppm and the extreme numerical convergence can reach 10^(-12)ppm.Under the dynamic asymmetry variation condition,the root mean square errors(RMSE)indicate that the tracking accuracy can reach the level of10^(-3),which shows the robustness of the proposed scheme.In summary,the proposed method can effectively estimate the WAMG asymmetry errors online with satisfied performance and practical values.

Experimental research on the contact force of the bi-directional pig in oil and gas pipeline

The migration process of the pig in oil and gas pipeline is a complex dynamic problem.During the pigging operation,the variation of friction force caused by the nonlinear contact between the sealing disc and the pipe wall is the key factor affecting the dynamic characteristics of the pig motion.At present,the existed pigging models for predicting pigging behavior regard friction as an invariant constant.Experimental research indicates that the friction force of the pig varies with the contact force and the lubrication conditions.Therefore,the assumption that the friction force is constant cannot reflect the friction dynamic characteristics of the pig during pigging,and will also affect the accuracy of the pigging model.Exploring the variation of friction force of pig under different conditions is the basis of establishing the transient dynamic model of a pig.As a result,in this paper,a method of direct measurement of contact force between the pig and the pipeline is presented,the contact force,the friction force,as well as the friction coefficient of the pig are obtained from the experiment.Research results in this paper can help to establish a more accurate dynamic model of pig.

Inequalities for Scalar Curvature and Shape Operator of an R-Lightlike Submanifold in Semi-Riemannian Manifold

We establish the links between the lightlike geometry and basics invariants of the associated semi-Riemannian geometry on r-lightlike submanifold and semi-Riemannian constructed from a semi-Riemannian ambient. Then we establish some basic inequalities, involving the scalar curvature and shape operator on r-lightlike coisotropic submanifold in semi-Riemannian manifold. Equality cases are also discussed.

Development of a Test Rig for Axial Strains Measurement in Automobile Wheel

In automobile wheel application, a test rig is vital and used to simulate conditions of the wheel in service in order to affirm the safety and reliability of the wheel. The present work designed a test rig for measuring axial strains in automobile wheel. The wheel used was a five-arm wheel (6JX14H2;ET 42) and Tyre (175 × 65 R 14). Experimental (EXP) test was carried out, with a radial load of 4750 N and inflation pressure of 0.3 MPa, to measure the axil strains which were converted to maximum principal strain values and, compared with data from Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using Creo-Element/Pro 5.0 at wheel’s contact angles of 90 degree (FEA 90 deg), 40 degree (FEA 40 deg) and 30.25 degree (FEA 30.25 deg), respectively. Results show that at the wheel’s point of contact with the ground, maximum principal strain values were highest at the inboard bead seat with a value of about 5.69 × 10-4 mm/mm, followed by the values at the well of about 5.66 × 10-4 mm/mm. The value at the outboard bead seat was least at about 2.22 × 10-4 mm/mm, which was due to the presence of spikes at this location that tends to resist imposed radial loads. However, the highest mean maximum principal strain values at the locations of inboard, well and outboard, were about 2.11 × 10-4 mm/mm, 3.78 × 10-4 mm/mm and .99 × 10-4 mm/mm, respectively. With the highest single value of about 5.69 × 10-4 mm/mm, the inboard bead seat was the most strained location of the wheel. Overall results showed that all values of maximum principal strains were below the threshold value of about 1 × 10-2 mm/mm. The values obtained for EXP and FEA could be said to be in close agreement when compared with the threshold value. With this in mind, the rig is recommended for use in related experimental procedures.

Finite Element Analysis of Jumbo Rig Assembly for Tunneling

This paper describes the force acting the assembly of the jumbo rig for tunneling.The finite element analysis is used to calculate this machine structure on its different working states.

航空飞行试验遥测标准概况

以遥测在航空飞行试验领域中的应用为背景,介绍了IRIG 106遥测标准2009年最新版各章节的内容要点和近几年来的发展变化,简述了最新发布的iNET遥测网络标准(航空推荐版V0.5)的进展、组成和要点,分析、对比了两个标准的应用背景、技术特点和面临的问题,展望了遥测标准的发展应用前景。

基于改进RIG算法的动态诊断策略生成

针对TEAMS生成的静态诊断策略无法满足现场诊断的需求,在研究rollout信息启发式(RIG)算法的基础上,提出了一种基于改进RIG算法的动态诊断策略生成方法。首先通过改进原有的RIG算法使之符合动态诊断的需要;然后根据现场诊断过程中出现的各种具体情况,获取局部D矩阵;在此基础上利用改进的RIG算法选择出下一步最佳的测试,最终实现了故障诊断策略的动态生成。仿真实例表明,若直接采用基于RIG算法的静态诊断策略,需要4种类型的测试;若采用基于改进RIG算法的动态诊断策略生成方法,只需选择一步测试即能诊断出系统故障。该方法能够实现维修人员的交互式诊断,有效地提高了故障诊断策略的实用性。

病毒诱导I型干扰素产生的机制

病毒的病原体相关分子模式被细胞的相关受体识别后,分别经过Toll样受体途径和核酸结合蛋白途径进行信号转导,启动β-干扰素的转录和合成。从感染细胞分泌的β-干扰素与细胞膜上I型干扰素共有的受体结合后,经Jak/STAT信号途径刺激细胞产生一系列具有抗病毒效应的的干扰素刺激因子。干扰素调节因子7作为一种干扰素刺激因子在启动随后的α-干扰素转录中起着重要作用。α、β-干扰素的产生进一步放大了产生干扰素刺激基因的信号,形成一个正反馈回路,加强了免疫应答的强度和延长免疫应答的时间。

手持式肿瘤探测仪的研制及其应用

介绍手持式肿瘤γ探测仪（GDP），它遵循减少放射源至探头间的距离，增加空间分辨率，提高探测灵敏度和特异性的原理，利用GDP进行了体外探测和荷瘤动物体内探测应用，初步实验结果表明：该肿瘤探测仪用于肿瘤放射免疫导向手术是可行的。

模式识别受体介导的自噬在抗病原微生物感染中的研究进展

自噬作为机体自我保护的生理学行为,在抗病原微生物感染中发挥重要的免疫防御作用。模式识别受体通过诱导自噬的发生,加强对病原微生物的识别和清除能力。同时,自噬也可影响模式识别受体信号通路,负性调控炎症反应。除了TLRs(TOLL-like receptors)外,随着SLRs(sequestasome-like receptors)、NLRs(NOD-like receptors)、RLRs(RIG-like receptors)等新型或重要模式识别受体介导的自噬在机体抗病原微生物感染的作用相继被报导,人们对模式识别受体介导的自噬在抗病原微生物感染中作用的认识越来越深入和丰富。了解此方面的研究进展,对揭示病原微生物的致病机理、发展新的有效的抗感染治疗手段具有重要的理论指导意义。

甘露消毒丹及其挥发油对流感病毒感染小鼠RIGⅠ/NF-κB信号通路的影响

目的观察甘露消毒丹及其挥发油对流感病毒感染小鼠血清中白细胞介素4(IL-4)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、干扰素α/β(IFN-α/β)含量及肺组织中非结构蛋白1(NS1)、维甲酸诱导基因Ⅰ(RIG-Ⅰ)mRNA、核因子κB(NF-κB)蛋白的影响,以探讨甘露消毒丹及其挥发油抗病毒作用的分子机制。方法选择SPF级BALB/c小鼠36只,雌雄各半,随机分为6组,分别为正常组、模型组、灌胃组、滴鼻组、灌胃滴鼻合用组、奥司他韦组,每组6只。除正常组外,其余5组以流感病毒FM1-6-E2滴鼻造模。于造模后第7天,摘眼球放血处死小鼠,通过透射电子显微镜对肺组织进行检测以及图像分析,采用ELISA法测定血清中IL-4、TNF-α、IFN-α/β含量,qRT-PCR检测各组小鼠肺组织中NS1、RIG-ⅠmRNA的表达,Western blot方法测定各组小鼠肺组织NF-κB蛋白的表达。结果 (1)流感病毒感染后模型小鼠肺组织超微结构可见Ⅱ型细胞坏死、肺泡结构破坏,肺泡腔内纤毛增粗、脱落,形成肺部炎症;各治疗组均可改善肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞超微结构的异常改变。(2)流感病毒感染小鼠后,血清中IL-4、TNF-α、IFN-α/β的含量及肺组织中的NS1、RIG-ⅠmRNA、NF-κB蛋白表达均高于正常组,模型组与正常组比较,差异显著;与模型组比较,灌胃组、滴鼻组、灌胃滴鼻合用组、奥司他韦组血清中IFN-α/β含量显著升高,IL-4、TNF-α含量及NS1 mRNA、RIG-ⅠmRNA、NF-κB蛋白表达明显下调(P<0.05),甘露消毒丹各治疗组不同剂型抗流感病毒作用差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),灌胃滴鼻合用组>灌胃组>滴鼻组。结论甘露消毒丹具有抗流感病毒感染的作用,通过抑制RIG-Ⅰ/NF-κB信号传导通路的活化,阻止炎症的病理反应,提高免疫因子含量,降低流感病毒引起的免疫炎性损伤。

基于多信号模型的某短通系统诊断策略设计

针对某短通系统测试性差的问题,在深入研究多信号模型与诊断策略设计理论的基础上,提出了一种基于多信号模型的诊断策略设计方法。以该系统的窄带发信分系统为例,首先研究了基于TEAMS软件的多信号建模方法,然后根据模型文件获取了系统的D矩阵,最后利用RIG算法生成系统的诊断策略。测试性分析结果表明,该方法有效提高了系统的测试性指标,生成的诊断策略可用来对该型装备进行故障诊断。

混合式P2P的路由搜索算法

混合式P2P网络在一定程度上解决了负载不均衡的问题,但没有解决P2P的平等自由的动态特性与网络服务所需要的信任协作模型之间产生的矛盾.因此,在HyperCube模型的基础上,提出一种线路可信度度量机制,建立并优化了查询预路由表里设定的路由索引,减少了不必要的路由,提高了节点之间的可信任机制和路由搜索的效率.

Rig-I基因表达下降对成熟B细胞株的影响

Rig-I是全反式维甲酸诱导NB4细胞分化过程的上调基因,可能与细胞分化有关。通过RNAi的方法,使一株B细胞株(1B4.B6.细胞株)的Rig-I下降,研究其下调后对该B细胞株的影响。结果表明Rig-I下调表达使1B4.B6.细胞株中的CD138单阳性细胞比例明显减少,B220单阳性和CD138+B220+双阳性细胞不同程度的升高,这可能与B细胞株分化成浆细胞有关,同时Rig-I下调使LPS刺激该细胞株产生IgG3的胚系转录本(germlinetranscript)的表达下调。提示Rig-I可能参与抗体类别转换。

加味五痹汤(肺痹)干预流感病毒感染诱导RIG-I/IFN-I信号通路作用机制研究

目的:观察加味五痹汤(肺痹)对流感病毒(IV)感染的BALB/c小鼠肺组织病理炎症及诱导RIG-I/IFN-I信号通路的作用机制。方法:SPF级BALB/c小鼠24只,随机分为正常组(A组)、模型组(B组)、加味五痹汤(肺痹)组(C组)、奥司他韦组(D组),除A组外,其余3组以IV FM1-6-E2滴鼻造模。于造模后第7天进行取材,镜下观察小鼠肺组织病理切片,采用qPCR法检测RIG-ImRNA的表达、ELISA法测定血清中IFN-α/β含量、Western-blot法检测NF-κB蛋白的表达。结果:IV感染后B组小鼠肺组织出现水肿、肺泡隔增厚与炎性细胞浸润,各治疗组肺部炎症有不同程度减轻。IV感染组小鼠肺组织内RIG-I的mRNA水平显著升高,与B组相比,C组RIG-I的mRNA表达量升高(P<0.05);感染组NF-κB蛋白表达增高,各治疗组可下调其表达;感染组血清中的IFN-α/β含量增高(P<0.05),治疗组能明显升高IFN-α/β含量(P<0.05),且C组与D组比较有差异性(P<0.05)。结论:加味五痹汤(肺痹)具有抗IV感染的作用,增加RIG-I和IFN-α/β含量及抑制NF-κB表达是其作用机制之一,且RIG-I/IFN-I可能是其信号通路的作用靶点。

Determination of Scaling Parameter and Dynamical Resonances in Complex-Rotated Hamiltonian Ⅰ:Theory

In this paper we present a theoretical analysis on the determination of the scaling parameter in the complex-rotated Hamiltonian, which has served as a basis for successful applications of the rigged Hilbert space theory for resonances. Based on the complex energy eigenvalue, E（θ） = ER（θ） - iГ（θ）/2, as a function of the scaling parameter θ, we find that for potential barrier scattering, the condition dГ（θI）/dθ = 0 uniquely determines the scaling parameter 8. The condition d ER （θR）/ dθ = 0 is merely a consequence of the Virial theorem and θI =θR is not a necessary condition for a resonance state. We also provide a harmonic approximation formMism for resonances in scattering over a potential barrier.