Impact of Enforcement of Right of Communication through Information Network

On 27 October 2001, the Standing Committee of the People's Congress reviewed and passed the Amendment to the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China. In Article 10 of the amended Copyright Law as of 2001 has been incorporated a new subject matter under the copyright protection: the right of communication through information network, that is, the right to make a work available to the public by wire or by wireless means, so that people may have access to the work from a place and at a time individu...

Regulations for the Protection of the Right of Communication through Information Network

Article 1 These Regulations have been formulated under the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Copyright Law) with a view to protecting the right of communication through information network enjoyed by copyright owners, performers and producers of sound recordings and video recordings (hereinafter collectively referred to as the right owners) and to encouraging creation and communication of works conducive to the building of a socialist society that is advanced ethically and materially.

Simulating the Spreading of Two Competing Public Opinion Information on Complex Network

In this paper, we investigate the regularity of spreading of information and public opinions towards two competing products in complex networks. By building its mathematical model and simulating its evolution process, we have found the statistical regularity for support rates of two different products at a steady stage. The research shows that strength of the public opinion spreading is proportional to the final support rates of a product.

Shortest path of temporal networks:An information spreading-based approach

The shortest path is a widely studied network science problem and has attracted great attention.Nevertheless,it draws little attention in temporal networks,in which temporal edges determine information dissemination.In this paper,we propose an information spreading-based method to calculate the shortest paths distribution in temporal networks.We verify our method on both artificial and real-world temporal networks and obtain a good agreement.We further generalize our method to identify influential nodes and found an effective method.Finally,we verify the influential nodes identifying method on four networks.

The Profound Revelation of Human Social Relations and the Profound Realization of Information Right of Citizens——The social significance of network technique advancement in the perspective of “Entity Cube”

The R＆D group of relationship searching in Microsoft Asia Research Institute explains ＂Entity Cube＂ launched in 2008 as follows：

Competition between two kinds of information among random-walking individuals

A model is proposed to describe the competition between two kinds of information among N random-walking individuals in an L x L square, starting from a half-and-half mixture of two kinds of information. Individuals remain or change their information according to their neighbors＇ information. When the moving speed of individuals v is zero, the two kinds of information typically coexist, and the ratio between them increases with L and decreases with N. In the dynamic case （v 〉 0）, only one information eventually remains, and the time required for one information being left scales as Td -v^αL^β^γ.

Topological phase transition in network spreading

This paper investigates information spreading from the perspective of topological phase transition.Firstly,a new hybrid network is constructed based on the small-world networks and scale-free networks.Secondly,the attention mechanism of online users in information spreading is studied from four aspects:social distance,individual influence,content richness,and individual activity,and a dynamic evolution model of connecting with spreading is designed.Eventually,numerical simulations are conducted in three types of networks to verify the validity of the proposed dynamic evolution model.The simulation results show that topological structure and node influence in different networks have undergone phase transition,which is consistent with the phenomenon that followers and individual influence in real social networks experience phase transition within a short period.The infection density of networks with the dynamic evolution rule changes faster and reaches higher values than that of networks without the dynamic evolution rule.Furthermore,the simulation results are compared with the real data,which shows that the infection density curve of the hybrid networks is closer to that of the real data than that of the small-world networks and scale-free networks,verifying the validity of the model proposed in this paper.

Asynchronism of the spreading dynamics underlying the bursty pattern

The potential mechanisms of the spreading phenomena uncover the organizations and functions of various systems.However,due to the lack of valid data,most of early works are limited to the simulated process on model networks.In this paper,we track and analyze the propagation paths of real spreading events on two social networks:Twitter and Brightkite.The empirical analysis reveals that the spreading probability and the spreading velocity present the explosive growth within a short period,where the spreading probability measures the transferring likelihood between two neighboring nodes,and the spreading velocity is the growth rate of the information in the whole network.Besides,we observe the asynchronism between the spreading probability and the spreading velocity.To explain the interesting and abnormal issue,we introduce the time-varying spreading probability into the susceptible-infected(SI)and linear threshold(LT)models.Both the analytic and experimental results reproduce the spreading phenomenon in real networks,which deepens our understandings of spreading problems.

Analysis of Copyright Infringement in Deep Linking

With the development of Intemet technology, various kinds of network link show up, from common links to deep links, from the web to mobile client. Many platforms named the deep links banner aggregation service emerged gradually. The deep linking has brought convenience to the public and also caused a lot of copyright infringement problems. This paper expounds the identification of infringement of the deep linking information transmission on internet and the identification of infringement of the right of reproduction, furthermore analyzing three kinds of applicable standards to determine interact information transmission behavior. Finally, we should gradually get rid of the dependence on server standard applicable, auxiliary for the substantive alternative standard, and gradually complete the substantive alternative standard.

Impact of environmental factors on the coevolution of information-emotions-epidemic dynamics in activity-driven multiplex networks

During public health emergencies,the diffusion of negative information can exacerbate the transmission of adverse emotions,such as fear and anxiety.These emotions can adversely affect immune function and,consequently,influence the spread of the epidemic.In this study,we established a coupled model incorporating environmental factors to explore the coevolution dynamic process of information-emotions-epidemic dynamics in activity-driven multiplex networks.In this model,environmental factors refer to the external conditions or pressures that affect the spread of information,emotions,and epidemics.These factors include media coverage,public opinion,and the prevalence of diseases in the neighborhood.These layers are dynamically cross-coupled,where the environmental factors in the information layer are influenced by the emotional layer;the higher the levels of anxious states among neighboring individuals,the greater the likelihood of information diffusion.Although environmental factors in the emotional layer are influenced by both the information and epidemic layers,they come from the factors of global information and the proportion of local infections among surrounding neighbors.Subsequently,we utilized the microscopic Markov chain approach to describe the dynamic processes,thereby obtaining the epidemic threshold.Finally,conclusions are drawn through numerical modeling and analysis.The conclusions suggest that when negative information increases,the probability of the transmission of anxious states across the population increases.The transmission of anxious states increases the final size of the disease and decreases its outbreak threshold.Reducing the impact of environmental factors at both the informational and emotional levels is beneficial for controlling the scale of the spread of the epidemic.Our findings can provide a reference for improving public health awareness and behavioral decision-making,mitigating the adverse impacts of anxious states,and ultimately controlling the spread of epidemics.

Identify information sources with different start times in complex networks based on sparse observers

The dissemination of information across various locations is an ubiquitous occurrence,however,prevalent methodologies for multi-source identification frequently overlook the fact that sources may initiate dissemination at distinct initial moments.Although there are many research results of multi-source identification,the challenge of locating sources with varying initiation times using a limited subset of observational nodes remains unresolved.In this study,we provide the backward spread tree theorem and source centrality theorem,and develop a backward spread centrality algorithm to identify all the information sources that trigger the spread at different start times.The proposed algorithm does not require prior knowledge of the number of sources,however,it can estimate both the initial spread moment and the spread duration.The core concept of this algorithm involves inferring suspected sources through source centrality theorem and locating the source from the suspected sources with linear programming.Extensive experiments from synthetic and real network simulation corroborate the superiority of our method in terms of both efficacy and efficiency.Furthermore,we find that our method maintains robustness irrespective of the number of sources and the average degree of network.Compared with classical and state-of-the art source identification methods,our method generally improves the AUROC value by 0.1 to 0.2.

Development in theoretical study and practice of library legislation in China

One of the most outstanding characteristics of library legislation in China is that theoretical research and legislative practice are mutually reinforcing, making important issues and basic rules and regulations closely associated with legislation and the research focus. A national library law is currently being enacted while several local library legislations have already seen fruitful results. In the enactment of 'Regulations for the Protection of Information Network Dissemination Rights', the library professional participated for the first time in enacting a national copyright law, which led to unprecedented flourishing of library activities and copyright studies. The promulgation of another legal framework,'Government Information Disclosure Regulations' further advanced the research on related issues and pushed forward government information services in public libraries in the same way. A new landmark for library legislation in recent years is the promulgation of'Guidelines for Land Utilization for Public Library Construction' and 'Public Library Construction Standards', while the framing of 'Rules of Professional Ethics for Librarians in China(On trial)' and the 'Library Service Manifesto' give indication that a framework of self-disciplinary measures of library professionals is established.

NFT数字作品交易行为的“发行属性”与适用规则

NFT数字作品交易方兴未艾,但侵权问题频现,亟需合理的规制路径。NFT技术促进数字作品交易客体特定化并产生准物权变动的效果,使NFT数字作品区别于一般数字作品与传统作品,为发行权扩张提供了技术性支撑。但发行权的扩张尚面临诸多困境,包括“有形载体”要件的阻碍、“所有权转移要件”标准不明、发行权与信息网络传播权在数字环境中存在重叠等。基于此,应当厘清数字环境中发行权与信息网络传播权的关系;细化NFT数字作品交易领域的发行权适用标准,完成从“有形载体”到“作品与载体相对应”的转变,明确“出售”及“所有权转移”的认定;以“转让+删除”技术及征收版权转售费作为辅助手段,完成发行权在NFT数字作品交易中的嬗变与适用。

馆藏绝版作品数字化传播的规范进路

国家图书馆与北京三面向公司著作权纠纷案让馆藏绝版作品的数字化传播问题引起社会关注。为保护著作权并调和社会公共利益,避免破坏正常市场运作机制,我国《信息网络传播权保护条例》规定了馆藏绝版作品数字化传播的合理使用制度。从实施情况看,条例对适格客体条件与传播范围的限制过于严苛,存在违反基本公共服务均等性要求和违背利益平衡原则等问题。借鉴新修订《日本著作权法》中的相关条款,建议我国对于馆藏绝版作品的数字化传播规范宜采取如下改革措施:一是扩大合理使用的范围,建立覆盖馆内、馆际、馆外的传播体系,并设置匹配的补偿机制;二是优化客体适用条件,建立“绝版作品”的动态认定机制;三是探索建立以国家图书馆为枢纽的绝版作品数字化传播运行机制。

NFT数字艺术品版权法律问题的厘清

NFT数字艺术品具有唯一性,是有数字资产价值的艺术品。相较于一般艺术品,它具有准物权属性和版权属性,其交易是数字资产权属交易和版权许可使用的复合行为。NFT数字艺术品交易分为铸造发布和链上交易两个阶段。铸造是版权法意义上的复制行为,上链发布是信息网络传播行为,后续链上交易不属于复制行为,而是准发行行为,其转售行为适用权利穷竭原则。由于载体的无形性,NFT数字艺术品持有人无法享有展览权。同时,基于智能合约中蕴含的版权许可,持有人享有非交互式传播的权利。对NFT数字艺术品非交互式传播的保护,可以考虑通过将其纳入广播权控制范围或者适用《中华人民共和国著作权法》第十条“其他权利”等途径实现。

自媒体时代信息网络传播权的刑法保护

《刑法修正案(十一)》将以营利为目的,通过信息网络传播方式侵犯著作权的行为单列为独立类型的行为方式,能够避免之前将该类行为解释为“复制发行”的不当认定。但也应当看到,以网络门槛开放化、开放平台去中心化、信任关系流量化、个体用户创作化、营销导向关键意见化等为典型特征的自媒体时代,模糊了信息网络传播权的规范内涵、作品独创性特征、合理使用规则等的理论界分。与此同时,自媒体时代带来的前述变化也造成信息网络传播权的刑法保护面临三重困境:其一,二次创作的独立价值影响对作品价值侵害的大小认定;其二,二次创作中的转化使用构成违法阻却事由之合理使用;其三,直播带货式营销影响主观上具有牟利目的的证明难度。对此,司法适用中应当重视二次创作中创作行为的作用力、主观营利目的的客观性和营利事实及数额的利用性关联程度,从而既贯彻刑法谦抑原则,实施合理限度的知识产权刑法保护,又兼顾自媒体时代的经济结构发展和公民在网络空间的合法权益保障。

信息网络传播权侵权案件地域管辖问题的制度反思

最高人民法院第223号指导性案例的发布,对信网权侵权案件地域管辖规则的适用产生了重大影响,理论界和实务界均争议不断。在此背景下,重新审视《信网权解释》第15条与《民诉法解释》第25条之间关系的意义十分突出。基于地域管辖制度的建构基础的考量,以“或者”一词来连接“侵权行为地”和“被告住所地”并不合适,《信网权解释》第15条在修改时应将这两个连接点之间设置为有先后适用的顺位关系。在此基础上,进一步明确《民诉法解释》第25条不适用于信网权侵权案件,《信网权解释》第15条则应删除“发现侵权内容的计算机终端等设备所在地”之规定,同时改变将“侵权结果发生地”排除出管辖依据的观点。此外,由于信网权侵权案件往往与不正当竞争诉讼复合在一起,有必要从请求权基础及诉的合并理论着手,厘清复合案件的性质,进而藉此处理其地域管辖问题。

公共图书馆涉信息网络传播权侵权纠纷裁判结果影响因素研究——基于345份判决文书的实证研究

数字化服务在公共图书馆的各项职能中占据重要地位,但因与信息网络传播权紧密相关,产生不少争议。利用345份生效判决文书,考察公共图书馆涉信息网络传播权侵权纠纷裁判结果的影响因素。研究结果表明:图书馆级别,图书馆是否实施镜像搭载、链接提供两种行为模式,法院是否采纳事前审查、事中限制、事后补救、采购使用4种裁判根据,与裁判结果存在显著的相关性。基于上述分析结果,为消弭公共图书馆与权利人之间的矛盾,公共图书馆自身应重视镜像搭载过程并加强意识转变,图书馆行业应将法律因素纳入评估定级的考量,法律层面应重视、修改合理使用制度,并完善和激活避风港规则。

人工智能生成物著作权侵权的认定及其防范——以全球首例生成式AI服务侵权判决为中心

生成式人工智能发展遇到了著作权法上的挑战,其中一个重要挑战是生成阶段的著作权侵权问题,即生成物的著作权侵权问题。在该问题上,广州互联网法院作出了全球首例生成式AI服务侵权判决,即“新创华诉某科技公司案”,该判决有十分重要的参考意义。以该案为中心,人工智能生成阶段的著作权侵权包括生成物侵权所涉及的具体著作权权利、侵权责任主体和生成式人工智能服务提供者的注意义务问题。生成阶段侵权涉及侵害复制权、改编权,但不侵害信息网络传播权。当生成内容的最终来源是生成式人工智能服务提供者时,传统直接侵权与间接侵权的分析框架难以适用于侵权责任主体的分析,应构建以注意义务为中心的归责模式。该模式既可以明确责任主体,也提供了稳定预期进而有益于服务提供者的合规风控,在权利保护与技术发展之间取得适度平衡。

NFT数字作品交易行为:理论反思与科学认知

NFT数字作品从交易结构来看,涉及铸造、发行等诸多环节。关于NFT数字作品的法律性质,目前学界存在“债权转让说”“网络虚拟财产说”等不同的观点。事实上,数字作品交易作为一种非功能性商品的交易,属于发行行为,这一法律定性实现了虚拟数字作品所有权交易时的预期法律效果,突破了传统视角下发行权所指之物为有形载体的这一观点。在区块链和智能合同的影响下,数字作品复制件能够发生财产转移这一效果时,这一交易属于发行权的范围。就数字作品首次销售后的二次交易而言,基于无形载体的NFT数字作品交易符合发行权的实质,其权利用尽后不会对著作权人的合法利益造成损害,保护了购买者对数字作品NFT的交易、流通和处分等权益且避免了传统数字作品二次销售后的复制行为,适用发行权用尽规则。NFT相比于传统同质化代币具有明显差异,因此在进行法律定性与适用中应该谨慎。