How Load Aggregators Avoid Risks in Spot Electricity Market:In the Framework of Power Consumption Right Option Contracts

There is uncertainty in the electricity price of spot electricity market,which makes load aggregators undertake price risks for their agent users.In order to allow load aggregators to reduce the spot market price risk,scholars have proposed many solutions,such as improving the declaration decision-making model,signing power mutual insurance contracts,and adding energy storage and mobilizing demand-side resources to respond.In terms of demand side,calling flexible demand-side resources can be considered as a key solution.The user’s power consumption rights(PCRs)are core contents of the demand-side resources.However,there have been few studies on the pricing of PCR contracts and transaction decisions to solve the problem of price forecast deviation and to manage the uncertainty of spot market prices.In addition,in traditional PCR contracts,PCRs are mostly priced using a single price mechanism,that is,the power user is compensated for part of the electricity that was interrupted or reduced in power supply.However,some power users might engage in speculative behaviours under this mechanism.Further,for load aggregators,their price risk avoidance ability has not substantially improved.As a financial derivative,options can solve the above problems.In this article,firstly,the option method is used to build an option pricing optimization model for power consumption right contracts that can calculate the optimal option premium and strike price of option contracts of power consumption rights.Secondly,from the perspective of power users and load aggregators,a simulation model of power consumption right transaction decision-making is constructed.The results of calculation examples show that(1)Under the model in this article,the pricing of option contracts for power consumption rights with better risk aversion capabilities than traditional compensation contracts can be obtained.(2)The decision to sell or purchase the power consumption rights will converge at respective highvalue periods,and option contracts will expedite the process.(3)Option contracts can significantly reduce the loss caused by the uncertainty of spot electricity prices for load aggregators without reducing users’willingness to sell power consumption rights.

Power as Resource-Power as Discourse: An Overview Evaluation of the Key-Factors of “Wind Farms” and “Riparian Rights” as Sources of Power

Nowadays, the concept of power can illuminate the nature of contestation. Indeed, it is apparent that discourse coalitions exist both within the wind sector and the riparian corridors management. In the present study, a theoretical framework for policy power analysis is presented, while a balanced European and national energy policies representation reveals the positive and negative impacts, towards which both the above two power sources may be attributed. The “power” holistic approach is mainly determined in a wider social-economic, political, and environmental framework. This multidimensional and holistic approach is considered invaluable for humans/consumers, in order them to determine their capacities, priorities and perspectives for viable use of power within the above complex-structured framework. Finally, the study adopts a balanced reassessment of the existing policies, offering tentative proposals for reducing conflicts.

For the Balance Between Rights and Power——In Remembrance of Former CSHRS President Luo Haocai

Mr. Luo Haocai taught at Peking University Law School for a long time. Even though he held such important positions as vice president of Peking University (PKU),chairman of the Central Committee of China Zhi Gong Party, vice president of the Supreme People’s Court, and vice chairman of the Ninth and Tenth National Committee of the CPPCC, he preferred being called "Teacher Luo." My frequent interactions with Teacher Luo started in 2007 and continued to 2016 when he was the president of the CSHRS.

Establish an International Communication Platform for Human Rights and Promote China's Discourse Power on Human Rights——A Review on Ten Years of Beijing Forum on Human Rights

The beijing forum on Human Rights is a global human rights forum founded by the china Society for Human Rights Studies in 2008? it has been successfully held for nine times? in the past 10 years, the forum has kept up with the trend of the times and carefully set up issues; seeking common ground while reserving differences,seeking the greatest consensus on human rights; being open and inclusive, and building a model of international human rights exchange and cooperation? The forum has become a high-level academic platform for human rights exchanges and cooperation on the basis of equality,harmony, tolerance, openness and mutual respect, and has played an important role in promoting the healthy development of the international human rights cause? With the socialism with chinese characteristics entering a new era, the beijing forum on Human Rights needs to position new roles in the new era, seek more clear development momentum and direction, and promote the vitality, cohesiveness and international influence of the forum in a deep and all-round way and contribute to the development of world human rights cause and global human rights governance?

From Power to Rights: Interpreting Inscribing “To Respect and Protect Human Rights” in the Amended Criminal Procedure Law

Human rights are one of the widely acknowledged value systems in the international ,community. The core of human rights lies in the life and dignity of human beings. On the one hand, criminal procedure law is related to life and freedom, which is the concern of everybody. On the other hand, it involves direct dialogue between national power and citizens＇ fights.

Principal Quasi-Baerness of Rings of Generalized Power Series

Let R be a ring such that all left semicentral idempotents are central and （S, ≤） a strictly totally ordered monoid satisfying that 0 ≤s for all s ∈S. It is shown that [[R^S≤]], the ring of generalized power series with coefficients in R and exponents in S, is right p.q.Baer if and only if R is right p.q.Baer and any S-indexed subset of I（R） has a generalized join in I（R）, where I（R） is the set of all idempotents of R.

权力概念的法学定位——兼论全球化时代的法益分析范式

“right”形同实异的一词多义现象,囿于宽泛的“能力”说,只看到权力和权利的共同性而无视其根本差异,权力和权利在一定条件下的可相互转换性,导致人们长期以来误把“权力”混同或归属于“权利”。法律思维的日益精细和法律观念的不断分化;“把权力关在制度笼子里”的政治诉求和政治共识;作为现代法治灵魂的“权利本位论”,唯有在“权力”独立于“权利”以及“权利—权力—义务—责任”四位一体的思维坐标中才能凸显其真正的意义和精髓;这些因素决定了权力概念成为法学独立范畴的必要性。萨尔蒙德和霍菲尔德的分析法学图式,虽然有些琐碎和似是而非,但第一次系统梳理了法律分析及法学研究的核心范畴,较为充分地区分了“权力”和“权利”,初步意识到“法益”的本体地位,从而为我们构建全球化时代的法益分析范式奠定了基础。如果说现象层面的“权利—权力—义务—责任”的分析方法主要服务于法律实务,那么深究法律本体、相对繁复的法益分析范式,则主要着眼于法学的体系性学理建设及其逻辑自洽检验。

能源法的法权构造及其体系展开

能源法的核心范畴界定较为模糊,亟待澄清。基于能源权利与能源权力的交互性、能源公益与能源私益的均衡性、能源监管与能源市场的协调性等需求考量,法权可作为能源法的核心范畴。能源法法权结构可从本体论、运行论和价值论三个层面予以构造,形成体系化安排。本体论上,应以公民能源权利与国家能源权力的交互为基础,强调公民能源权作为法权结构的逻辑起点、以落脚为能源普遍服务的能源权力作为法权结构的基本保障;运行论上,应以能源合同作为法权结构运行的具体承载;价值论上,应以能源正义作为法权结构价值的最终目的。由此,可仰仗能源法的法权结构构筑能源法学体系。

坚持和发展民主集中制原则推进新时代中国刑事诉讼制度现代化

全国人大已将《刑事诉讼法》的修改列入本届人大的工作规划之中。作为规范刑事诉讼程序、约束诉讼主体行为的基本法律,应该明确刑事诉讼中公权力机关之间职能分工的工作原则。民主集中制是我国《宪法》规定的国家机构组织和活动原则,同时也是我国现行刑事诉讼确立的公权力机关之间职能分工的指导原则,具体表现为公检法等机关在刑事诉讼中“分工负责、互相配合、互相制约”的工作原则。民主集中制决定了我国刑事诉讼中权力的集中本位及其分工的相对性。新时代应该发展刑事诉讼中的民主集中制原则,顺应权力本位向权利本位转变的时代潮流,以实现民主集中制原则与刑事诉讼制度的根本自洽,推进刑事诉讼现代化。

Principal Quasi-Baerness of Rings of Skew Generalized Power Series

Let R be a ring and （S, 〈） be a strictly totally ordered monoid satisfying that 0 〈 s for all s C S. It is shown that if A is a weakly rigid homomorphism, then the skew generalized power series ring [[RS,-〈, λ]] is right p.q.-Baer if and only if R is right p.q.-Baer and any S-indexed subset of S,（R） has a generalized join in S,（R）. Several known results follow as consequences of our results.

中国国土空间规划法治化:问题检视与规范建构

国土空间不仅是人类生存和发展的物质空间,也是包含了社会关系生产与再生产的社会空间和权域空间,意味着国土空间规划不再仅是介入空间生产的技术治理工具,而是成为体现国家意志和政府目标的施政方式。作为一项公共政策,法治化是国土空间规划取得合法性的基本依托,也是证成其公权干预私权正当性的重要方式。国土空间规划法治化的实质内涵是“良法善治”。“良法”表现为体系上的完整性、内容上的科学性和功能上的指引性;“善治”则需要构建横向联结的整体性国土空间规划治理之道以及纵向传导的“压力-反馈”型国土空间规划治理之道。受制于内在和外在因素,中国国土空间规划法治化面临着顶层设计付之阙如、规划法治基础薄弱以及央地事权划分不清等多重困境。国土空间规划中所蕴含的权利、权力内容及其复杂关系,决定了以“权利-权力”为核心范畴的法权结构主义对其具有更充分的解释力。国土空间规划法治化宜依循“空间权力-空间权利”的逻辑展开。空间权力是国土空间规划法治化建构的基础。国土空间规划的权力体系包括空间发展权的供给、空间规划权的配置以及空间管理权的创设,在权力配置上应体现出整体性、对应性和公共性。空间权利是国土空间规划法治化建构的目标。国土空间规划中的空间权是包括狭义空间权(空间物权)和空间人权的复合性空间权利。空间权的复合属性及其立法缺失,以及作为抽象行政行为的国土空间规划的可诉性难题,亟待构建以“立法救济-行政救济-司法救济”为核心的空间权利救济体系。

The Three-dimensional Model of “ConstructionTranslation-Communication” for the Construction of a Human Rights Discourse System with Chinese Characteristics in the Post-pandemic Era

Human rights have always been the focus of disputes between China and the West. To make a better China story about human rights and enhance China’s international discourse power in the field of human rights, we propose the text construction, translation and communication path of the construction of the human rights discourse system with Chinese characteristics from the cross-disciplinary perspective. Based on the examples of prevention and control of the CoVID-19 pandemic under the concept of putting people first, mainstream diplomatic linguistic data relevant to the fight against the novel coronavirus was collected through the internet. The human rights discourse with Chinese characteristics is constructed through a variety of texts focusing on putting the people first, the right to life, the right to health, the right to information, the right to privacy, the right to work and a sense of a community with a shared future for human beings. The core concepts of human rights have experienced the deepening process of decontextualization, abstraction and theorization to gradually conform to the expression habits of international audiences. The international communication effect is mainly positive in civil society. It shows that the construction of China’s human rights discourse system and the governance of international human rights discourse have achieved preliminary results. To enhance China’s discourse power on human rights, we need to add an interdisciplinary approach.

不同碳减排政策交互影响下发电企业交易策略

在双碳目标和电力系统转型背景下,发电企业的交易策略会发生重要转变。基于可再生能源配额制的实施,综合考虑碳排放权市场和绿证市场,探究了发电企业参与电力市场的最优决策。首先搭建了在多政策情形下市场主体参与交易的市场架构,理清各市场中的供求关系。随后建立发电企业利润函数,以发电企业利润最大化为目标,并分别在非合作博弈和合作博弈两种情况下,建立发电企业的最优生产交易模型。最后通过算例分析检验该交易模型,为发电企业在多种政策影响下参加电力市场交易提供依据。

我国“大海洋”战略的发展历程与基本经验

由于“重陆轻海”意识与政府“禁海政策”的施行,中国封建社会后期与近代百年,海洋事业陷入全面没落与落后挨打的悲惨境地。新中国成立以后,面对复杂的国内外环境,中国共产党建构了自1949—1978年以“图存”为目的的防御型海洋战略,到1978—2013年以“图富”为主线的开放型海洋战略,再到2013至今以“图强”为核心的外向型海洋战略体系,由此中国现代大海洋事业进入了一个全面恢复、发展和崛起的新历史时期。实践证明,坚持中国共产党的领导,牢记中华海殇,以一脉相承且不断发展创新的“大海洋”战略理论为根本遵循,坚持发展为第一要义,是中华民族伟大复兴过程中海洋强国崛起的支撑与根本。

基于网源协同多阶段投资规划的配电网过网费机制设计

针对分布式电源就地消纳会造成电网企业输配电成本流失,且现行输配电价制定机制尚不能真实反映“余电上网”模式下分布式电源对配电网的实际使用情况,提出一种基于网源协同多阶段投资规划的配电网过网费机制设计。首先,根据负荷增长情况,以投资年份、投资容量为决策变量,将分布式电源规划周期分为若干阶段,在此基础上利用所提过网费模型分别求出各阶段对应的过网费。其中,源网协同多阶段规划模型的建立以分布式电源投资主体效益最大及配电网网损和电压波动最小为目标,过网费计算模型则依据分布式发电市场化交易的输配电资产占用情况、电压等级和电气距离等关键影响要素,构建了含基础费用、阻塞附加费用和交叉补贴费用的分布式电源过网费。仿真结果表明,所提出的与分布式电源投资规划相结合的过网费机制能够保证投资主体的效益和配电网的资产回收,并能在一定程度上提高分布式电源的渗透率和消纳率。

孟德斯鸠犯罪治理思想探析

孟德斯鸠在犯罪与犯罪治理领域提出了独特的见解,他认为判定何种行为是犯罪应当依具体情况加以规定,并强调犯罪治理应当围绕制约权力、保障个人权利不受侵犯的原则展开。同时,他强烈反对过度使用重刑,极力倡导罪刑法定原则。这些观点构成了孟德斯鸠犯罪治理的核心思想,他进一步提出了一套制约治理权力与“刑、民、行”的综合治理体系,在依法治理的同时也认同良好的习俗与风尚在犯罪预防中的积极作用,从而达到有效预防犯罪和显著减少犯罪的双重目标。孟德斯鸠的这些观点不仅对后世产生深远影响,也为当代中国在犯罪治理领域提供了借鉴意义。

什么是数据权利——数据权利的类型化分析

数据权利概念的含混使用不利于数据权利研究的深入展开。数据权利的使用主要存在三种形式,即将数据权利作为属概念、将数据权利作为种概念、在私法意义上谈论数据权利。数据权利的主体具有多样性,个人数据权利是数据权利的核心类型。私权利和公权力存在本质差异。政府的数据管理权和国家的数据主权本质上属于权力,其与私法意义上的数据权利存在性质上的不同。将数据权利限缩在私法领域具有合理性,个人的数据权利和企业的数据权利都有保护的必要性。在保护个人数据权利的时候,应当妥善处理好其与企业数据权利的关系。

“法治思想家”郭道晖教授的法理求索

郭道晖是我国著名的法学家和法治思想家,在法治、宪制、人权等领域卓有建树,做出开创性贡献,被尊称为“法治三老”之一。在法治论方面,他深入探究法的本质内涵,明确法与法律的区别,将法的时代精神归结为人权与自由,率先且形象地指出“法制”与“法治”区别,积极推动“法治”入宪。他较早地提出中国法治社会的理想前景与现实基础,率先提出市场经济是法治经济这一论断。他有着极强的立法实践问题意识,率先开展立法理论研究,较早地提出法律民主化的要求和原则。在宪制论方面,他论述了宪制的理念和精神,倡导社会主义宪制之路,提出立宪之后贵在行宪。他较早系统地研究权利和权力的关系,首倡权利推定理论,原创性地阐述了社会权力这一新范畴,倡导以社会权力制约国家权力。在人权论方面,他系统论证了人权的重要价值和基本内涵,重视政治人权的独特价值,详细论述了人权的国家保障义务及具体机制,是推动“人权入宪”的法学家之一。郭道晖精湛深刻的学术思想、忧国忧民的人文关怀、大胆创新的理论勇气、正道直行的学术风骨成为当代法学学人的精神标杆。

Fuzzy Logic Controller Implementation of Power Quality Improvement Using UPQC

This paper presents a gross examination about Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) to invigorate the power issues at the distribution level of the electrical system. Nowadays power electronics research has added the importance of power quality studies, for concrete illustration, Custom Power Devices (CPD) and Flexible AC Transmission position (FACTS) devices. The approach offered in this paper utilizes the series and shunt compensator of Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) to inject a compensation voltage in-phase with the source current over voltage fluctuations. The execution of two structures of UPQC, left-shunt (L-UPQC) and right-shunt (R-UPQC) are investigated under diverse operating conditions based on the fuzzy logic controller to raise the value of power quality of a single feeder distribution system by MATLAB/Simulink programming. Various power quality issues have been analyzed in this study. Finally, the right shunt UPQC is outperformed in this proposed power system.

法律权力概念辩疑

权力是法律主体通过实施法律所规定宣告式言语行为、从而产生法律地位的资格,这里的法律地位与宣告式言语行为所包含的意愿相一致。法律权力概念具有普遍性,并非是由公法所专享的概念。法律权力既可以改变法律主体自身的法律地位,也可以改变他人的法律地位,且不以他人的同意为必要条件。法律权力具有构成性,它的核心在于使得行为人的意愿产生与之一致的法律地位,而不在于对行为人表达该意愿的行为加以规制。法律权力即便有时可以作为法律权利的构成因素,也不能将之视为法律权利的特殊形态,两者的内涵具有明显的差别。