Pseudo-rigid-body Model for Corrugated Cantilever Beam Used in Compliant Mechanisms

Common compliant joints generally have limited range of motion, reduced fatigue life and high stress concentration. To overcome these shortcomings, periodically corrugated cantilever beam is applied to design compliant joints. Basic corrugated beam unit is modeled by using pseudo-rigid-body method. The trajectory and deformation behavior of periodically corrugated cantilever beam are estimated by the transformation of coordinate and superposition of the deformation of corrugated beam units. Finite element analysis（FEA） is carried out on corrugated cantilever beam to estimate the accuracy of the pseudo-rigid-body model. Results show that the kinetostatic behaviors obtained by this method, which has a relative error less than 6%, has good applicability and corrugated cantilever beam has the characteristics of a large range of motion and high mechanical strength. The corrugated cantilever beam is then applied to design a flexible rotational joint to obtain a larger angle output. The paper proposes a pseudo-rigid-body model for corrugated cantilever beam and designed a flexible rotational joint with large angle output.

Theoretical analysis of natural frequency of externally prestressed concrete beam based on rigidity correction

A dynamic test on externally prestressed simply supported concrete beams separately with three typical types of tendon distributions was conducted. The results show that the natural frequencies of the beams increase with the increase in the prestressing force at the tensioning stage, and the natural frequencies decrease after the cracks occur in the beams. Following the calculation formula of natural frequency of externally prestressed beam, which was reported in a literature, the natural frequencies of the experimental beams are calculated, and big errors are found between the test results and the calculated ones of natural frequency values. As a result, this paper has tried to adopt two methods to correct the rigidity parameter of the concrete beam in the formula for natural frequency calculation, and to use the corrected formula to calculate the frequencies of the experimental beams. The calculation results indicate a good consistency with the experimental ones, which verifies the feasibility of the corrected formula.

Solving Nonlinear Differential Equation Governing on the Rigid Beams on Viscoelastic Foundation by AGM

In the present paper a vibrational differential equation governing on a rigid beam on viscoelastic foundation has been investigated. The nonlinear differential equation governing on this vibrating system is solved by a simple and innovative approach, which has been called Akbari-Ganji＇s method （AGM）. AGM is a very suitable computational process and is usable for solving various nonlinear differential equations. Moreover, using AGM which solving a set of algebraic equations, complicated nonlinear equations can easily be solved without any mathematical operations. Also, the damping ratio and energy lost per cycle for three cycles have been investigated. Furthermore, comparisons have been made between the obtained results by numerical method （Runk45） and AGM. Results showed the high accuracy of AGM. The results also showed that by increasing the amount of initial amplitude of vibration （A）, the value of damping ratio will be increased, and the energy lost per cycle decreases by increasing the number of cycle. It is concluded that AGM is a reliable and precise approach for solving differential equations. On the other hand, it is better to say that AGM is able to solve linear and nonlinear differential equations directly in most of the situations. This means that the final solution can be obtained without any dimensionless procedure Therefore, AGM can be considered as a significant progress in nonlinear sciences.

AN ANALYSIS oF THE SHEAR FAILURE OF RIGID-LINEAR HARDENING BEAMS UNDER IMPULSIVE LOADING

A theoretical rigid-plastic analysis for the dynamic shear failure of beams under impulsive loading is presented when using a travelling plastic shear hinge model which tabes into account material strain hardening. The maximum dynamic shear strain and shear strain-rate can be predicted in addition to the permanent transverse deflections and other parameters. The conditions for the three modes of shear failure, i.e., excess deflection failure, excess shear strain failure and adiabatic shear failure are analyzed. The special case of an infinitesimally small plastic zone is discussed and compared with Nonaka's solution for a rigid, perfectly plastic material. The results can also be generalized to examine the dynamic response of fibre-reinforced beams.

Flexural rigidity evolvement laws of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with carbon fiber laminates

Extensive research has shown that externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer （CFRP） laminates are particularly suitable for improving the fatigue behavior of reinforced concrete （RC） beams. This paper presents the research on flexural ngidity evolvement laws by testing 14 simple-supported RC beams strengthened with carbon fiber laminates （CFL） under cyclic load, and 2 under monotone load as a reference. The cyclic load tests revealed the peak load applied onto the surface of a supported RC beam strengthened with CFL is linear to the logarithm of its fatigue life, and the flexural rigidity evolvement undergoes three distinct phases： a rapid decrease from the start to about 5% of the fatigue life; an even development from .5% to about 99% of the fatigue life; and a succedent rapid decrease to failure. When the ratio of fatigue ＂cycles to the fatigue life is within 0.0.5 to 0.99, the flexural rigidity varies linearly with the ratio. The peak load does not affect the flexural rigidity evolvement if it is not high enough to make the main reinforcements yield. The dependences of the flexural rigidity of specimens formed in the same group upon their fatigue cycles normalized by fatigue life are almost coincident. This implies the flexural rigidity may be a material parameter independent of the stress level. These relationships of flexural rigidity to fatigue cycles, and fatigue life may be able to provide some hints for fatigue design and fatigue life evaluation of RC member strengthened with CFL; nevertheless the findings still need verifying by more experiments.

Nonlinear dynamic analysis on rigid-flexible coupling system of an elastic beam

Previous work examined the effect of the attached stiffness matrix terms on stability of an elastic beam undergoing prescribed large overall motion. The aim of the present work is to extend the nonlinear formulations to an elastic beam with free large overall motion. Based on initial stress method, the nonlinear coupling equations of elastic beams are obtained with free large overall motion and the attached stiffness matrix is derived by solving sub-static formulation. The angular velocity and the tip deformation of the elastic pendulum are calculated. The analytical results show that the simulation results of the present model are tabled and coincide with the one-order approximate model. It is shown that the simulation results accord with energy conservation principle.

Static behavior of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joints with bolted partial-depth flush end plate:experimental study

A new type of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joint has been proposed in this paper.Five semi-rigid composite beam-to-column joint specimens subjected to hogging moments under monotonic loading were tested to study the static behavior of this new type of joint.The main variable parameters for the five joint specimens were the longitudinal reinforcement ratio and the joint type.The experimental results designated that the magnitude of extension of the longitudinal reinforcement is the most important factor that influenced the moment-rotation characteristic of the new type of joint.The concrete slabs could resist 3.8%-19.1% of the total shear load applied to the cross-sections near the beam-to-column connection.The edge stiffened elements,such as the flange of the lipped I-section thin-walled steel beam,were capable of having considerable inelastic deformation capacity although they had comparatively large width-to-thickness ratios.The shear failure of the concrete cantilever edge strip must be taken into account in practical design because it has significant influence on the anchorage of the longitudinal reinforcement in the new type of external joints.

钢管混凝土柱-钢梁外加强环螺栓连接节点抗震性能有限元分析

为深入研究钢管混凝土柱-钢梁外加强环螺栓连接节点的抗震性能,建立了螺栓连接节点的精细化三维实体有限元模型。在对已有试验成果进行验证分析的基础上,研究加劲肋、螺栓连接数量对节点塑性耗能分配机制的影响。结果表明:当钢材本构后期考虑韧性损伤后,有限元计算结果与已有拟静力试验结果更吻合;CFST-1节点(梁高300 mm,有螺栓垫板)耗能能力最优,但仅达到相应焊接节点的一半;与CFST-1节点相比,CFST-3节点(梁高300 mm,无螺栓垫板)及CFST-2节点(梁高250 mm,有螺栓垫板)的总耗能更低;各螺栓节点的塑性耗能分配机制主要依靠梁耗能,而相应的加强环焊接节点主要依靠梁与加强环耗能;当螺栓节点采用环板加劲肋、4排螺栓以及腹板加劲肋构造优化后,刚度、承载力、延性与相应焊接节点一致,总塑性耗能达到刚接节点的79.1%,基本达到刚接节点的抗震水平。

采用基础激励下力反作用的大挠性结构动力学建模研究

以中心刚体和挠性梁为例,针对缺乏占质量和惯量强势成分中心刚体的刚柔耦合系统进行动力学建模研究.建立了基于基础激励输入和力反作用输出的离散动力学模型,以仿真计算对本文提出的模型进行验证,仿真结果表明,建立的模型解释了动力学刚化现象产生的原因并计算出不同转速下的系统频率,能够准确地解释刚柔耦合系统的动力刚化现象.同时考虑了中心刚体的运动,发现刚体质量和惯量对系统机动后姿态角振动频率有影响.

全自动检测系统在医用硬式内窥镜检测中的应用研究

目的评价使用全自动硬式内窥镜检测系统对硬式内窥镜光学性能检测的优势,并分析影响硬式内窥镜功能减退的潜在因素。方法选取某三级甲等综合医院2023年5—7月处理的硬式内窥镜镜头78条、导光束161条为研究对象,先后采用目测法和仪器检测法对其进行检测。仪器检测指标包括视向角、视场角、照度、景深、导光率、对焦、内窥镜内部密封性及纯净度;导光束指标包括光纤照度、导光率及色彩测试,比较2种检测方法的结果差异。结果目测法与仪器检测法检测硬式内窥镜镜头的合格率分别为94.87%和73.08%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);导光束的合格率分别为98.75%和96.89%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);仪器检测结果显示硬式内窥镜镜头的功能障碍主要集中在导光率和照度两方面。结论针对内窥镜镜头检测,仪器检测法明显优于目测法;针对导光束检测,两种检测方法未有显著差异。硬式内窥镜检测系统有助于及早发现硬式内窥镜镜头内部的结构变化和功能减退情况,是一种有助于降低内镜侵入诊疗操作风险、节约医院运营成本的科学检测工具。

大跨度高速铁路桥梁端伸缩装置区段车轨动力响应

为了确保大跨度高速铁路桥梁端伸缩装置区段列车安全运营,通过建立梁端伸缩装置区段车辆-轨道刚柔耦合模型,研究了不同伸缩量、不同车辆行驶速度下梁端伸缩装置各部件动力响应变化规律,并对随机不平顺激励叠加梁端刚度不平顺下车辆运行安全性进行评估。结果表明:梁端伸缩装置各部件动力响应整体随车速增加而呈增大趋势,且各部件垂向加速度随车速变化较大;不同伸缩量下梁端伸缩装置区域钢轨及可动钢枕动力响应整体随梁缝扩大而呈增大趋势,且可动钢枕垂向位移及伸缩装置各部件垂向加速度随伸缩量变化较大;施加随机不平顺后,轮重减载率在车速420 km/h时出现超限情况,钢轨垂向位移在拉伸300~500 mm状态、车速330 km/h时出现超限情况。

风屏障透风率对强风作用下重载铁路刚构-连续梁车桥耦合振动响应的影响

为探究风屏障透风率对强风作用下重载铁路刚构-连续梁车桥耦合振动的影响,先通过节段模型风洞试验获取桥上设置0%,20%,40%,60%和无风屏障5种不同透风率风屏障时车桥系统的三分力系数,再根据弹性系统动力学总势能不变原理建立风-车-桥耦合振动仿真计算分析模型,对不同车速下重载货运列车通过设置不同透风率风屏障刚构-连续梁桥开展风-车-桥系统动力学仿真计算与分析研究。结果表明:在列车上桥初期,桥梁横向位移峰值随透风率的增大而明显减小,而当列车运行趋于满布桥梁时,桥梁的横向位移峰值随透风率的增大变化不明显;列车的动力响应峰值随风屏障透风率的增大而增大,相比于满载编组列车,空载和轻重混编编组列车的动力响应对风屏障透风率的变化更加敏感。综合桥梁动力响应和列车走行安全性评价指标(脱轨系数和轮重减载率),该桥梁应设置40%透风率的风屏障。

装配式冷弯厚壁型钢半刚性梁-柱节点抗震性能试验研究

冷弯型钢在装配式结构中应用具有天然的优势,为了扩展冷弯厚壁型钢结构的使用范围,克服冷弯厚壁钢的缺点,设计6个新型分层装配式“十字型”梁-柱节点,进行循环加载试验,对梁-柱节点的破坏模式、初始刚度、骨架曲线、等效黏滞阻尼系数、能量耗散系数、割线刚度、滞回曲线和关键部位应变分布进行研究,主要得到以下结论:通过螺栓和节点板的滑移,半刚性节点具有一定的耗能能力。增设高强螺栓可以提高梁柱节点的承载力,初始刚度和耗能能力也得到提高,避免梁端与连接板孔壁承压。增加可更换节点翼缘板,对梁-柱节点的破坏模式没有明显影响,承载能力、耗能能力、初始刚度分别得到较大提高。

大跨梁-拱组合刚构桥船撞力和抗撞性能研究

梁-拱组合刚构桥是一种新桥型,船撞研究较少。该文以礼嘉嘉陵江大桥为工程背景,研究大跨度上承式梁-拱组合刚构桥梁的船撞力标准值和抗撞性能。首先确立了代表船型和船撞计算工况,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA非线性有限元瞬态动力软件模拟了单墩模型在各工况下船桥碰撞过程,并对比了船撞力有限元仿真结果与多种经验公式计算结果。最后利用全桥模型和验算截面的极限承载力反推得到桥墩的极限抗船撞力,对桥墩的抗撞性能进行了评估。结果表明:船撞力具有很强的非线性波动特征,船艏最大撞深发生时刻滞后于最大撞击力发生时刻,船桥碰撞过程中的系统能量主要是由船舶动能转化为船艏局部变形内能;不同的船撞力经验公式的计算结果相差较大,推荐采用动力仿真模拟值;极限抗船撞力验算结果表明礼嘉嘉陵江大桥主墩的抗撞性能满足要求。

原竹抱口梁柱节点抗弯性能研究

竹材作为一种新型的绿色环保建筑材料,梁柱连接是现代竹结构推广需要考虑的重要问题。为了丰富原竹节点的形式,探究不同构造措施下梁柱节点的刚度和承载力,设计制作了3种形式的原竹抱口梁柱连接节点,按照金属连接件构造的不同命名为简易钢夹节点J1、贯通螺栓节点J2和自攻螺钉节点J3。每一种节点内部依据不同原竹等级设计3组试件,通过单调加载试验,探究节点弯曲力学性能及破坏特征,得到了3种节点的弯矩-转角曲线。基于弯矩-转角曲线变化特征,提出三折线刚度分析模型拟合节点分段刚度参数值,应用欧洲钢结构规范节点类型判别方法,对节点的半刚性程度进行了验证。结果显示:贯通螺栓节点J2和简易钢夹节点J1属于半刚性节点;自攻螺钉节点J3属于铰节点。研究表明:原竹等级对于简易钢夹节点J1和自攻螺钉节点J3的抗弯性能影响不敏感;对于贯通螺栓节点J2的抗弯性能影响显著,等级为T8时与连接件的协同工作性能最优。研究成果可为现代竹结构应用提供理论依据。

半球谐振子超精密修调方法研究

目的研究因谐振子质量缺陷而引起的频率裂解机制,进而对刚性轴位置进行质量高分辨率可控去除,提高陀螺精度。方法首先基于多区域配合划分法建立半球谐振子高精度有限元仿真模型,分析质量大小与位置对谐振子频差的影响规律。其次搭建谐振子振动特性检测平台,利用拍频法实现其频差值和刚性轴位置的精确辨识。最后结合仿真与辨识结果以及离子束加工方法确定谐振子超精密修调方案。结果优化网格划分方法后,谐振子有限元模型频差值小于0.0001Hz,当修调定位误差相同时,在一个范围内的质量去除比单点质量去除的修调效率更高;谐振子质量缺陷四次谐波刚性轴位置辨识精度可达0.1°,与常见的幅值法相比,其精度提高了一个数量级;通过三次点线结合方式进行质量修调后,谐振子频差值小于0.001Hz,修调效率与精度得到了提升。结论提出的谐振子仿真模型、振动特性测试方法以及离子束修调工艺精度较高且可行性较强,对实现半球谐振子性能高精度检测以及高质量加工具有重要意义。

高铁大跨双肢墩连续刚构桥减震系梁地震易损性分析

为了解地震作用下减震系梁对高铁大跨双肢墩连续刚构桥的减震效果,以某主跨180 m的山区高铁双肢墩连续刚构桥为背景,分别建立采用钢筋混凝土(RC)系梁、2种新型减震系梁(可屈服钢系梁与斜交筒式黏弹性阻尼器系梁)方案的全桥有限元模型,对比分析不同系梁方案下的结构损伤、桥面平顺性指标等。结果表明:2种新型减震系梁均不会在地震作用下出现负刚度,新型减震系梁方案较RC系梁方案能有效降低系梁和主墩的结构损伤概率,主墩最大压应变降低83.3%;但减震系梁对震后桥面平顺性指标无明显改善,需采用更具针对性的技术措施。

钢结构半刚性连接节点研究现状

半刚性连接具刚度、延性和载荷能力,抗震性能优越,施工难度低,是实用且经济的连接方式。但半刚性连接受力复杂,力学特性分析难度大,且国内规范中缺乏针对性的分类标准和设计方法。综合国内外文献规范,简述了梁柱节点的分类及特点,详细介绍了钢结构半刚性节点连接类型、研究方法和研究成果,通过分析当前研究进展,指出未来所需研究的问题与方向,为钢结构半刚性节点研究、设计与实际运用提供思路与参考。

长螺杆加强型胶合木梁柱节点力学性能

胶合木梁柱螺栓钢填板节点由于抗弯刚度较低,在结构设计中通常被视为铰接。提出了一种长螺杆加强型胶合木梁柱节点,为无支撑或剪力墙的中高层木结构体系中提供较好的刚性连接。设计并加工了3组不同长螺杆直径的节点试件,通过单调加载和往复加载试验探究了节点的抗弯刚度、抗弯承载力、破坏模式及耗能性能。通过ABAQUS有限元软件建立了节点力学模型,模拟结果与试验结果较为吻合,并基于该模型开展了参数分析。结果表明:该节点具有较高的抗弯刚度与抗弯承载力,经过合理构造后节点损伤主要集中在长螺杆,而长螺杆在破坏后易于更换,可提高节点韧性与使用寿命。参数分析结果表明,转动刚度与长螺杆直径及力臂呈正相关。基于试验与模拟的结果,提出了该类节点抗弯刚度及抗弯承载力的计算方法,为其在实际工程中的设计与应用提供参考。

转子偏心效应下大范围转动弹性梁外激励非线性动力学行为与振动机制

为实现大范围转动弹性梁类柔性机械的高速、安全、平稳运行,综合应用Galerkin模态截断法和Hamilton原理建立弹性梁刚-柔耦合动力学模型,并建立转子偏心运动微分方程;基于行波叠加原理,应用高阶Runge-Kutta法完成非线性动力学解耦;应用时、频域分析法解析转子偏心效应下弹性梁的振动机制以及外激励下的频谱响应特性。研究结果表明:外激励响应在转子偏心效应下会衍生新的低频谐波分量,转速和激励幅值的增加会导致频域内多个低频谐波分量高于主振,易引发不同程度的间歇性振动;外激励频率提高会引起频域谱峰后移,数值仿真5~35 Hz频段的外激励,当频率为25 Hz时其低频谐波分量是主振幅值的2倍,高达0.181 mm,进而呈现明显的外激励突发性激振。因此,借助时、频域分析可有效解析具有随机性的间歇性或突发性振动产生机制,可为大型旋转柔性机械的动力学优化设计提供重要的理论基础和数据支持。