DEFORMATION RIGIDITY OF ASSUMED STRESS MODES IN HYBRID ELEMENTS

The new methods to determine the zero-energy deformation modes in the hybrid elements and the zero-energy stress modes in their assumed stress fields are presented by the natural deformation modes of the elements. And the formula of the additional element deformation rigidity due to additional mode into the assumed stress field is derived. Based on, it is concluded in theory that the zero-energy stress mode cannot suppress the zero-energy deformation modes but increase the extra rigidity to the nonzero-energy deformation modes of the element instead. So they should not be employed to assume the stress field. In addition, the parasitic stress modes will produce the spurious parasitic energy and result the element behaving over rigidity. Thus, they should not be used into the assumed stress field even though they can suppress the zero-energy deformation modes of the element. The numerical examples show the performance of the elements including the zero-energy stress modes or the parasitic stress modes.

Quasi-Radial Modes of Pulsating Neutron Stars: Numerical Results for General-Relativistic Rigidly Rotating Polytropic Models

In this paper we compute general-relativistic polytropic models simulating rigidly rotating, pulsating neutron stars. These relativistic compact objects, with a radius of ~10 km and mass between ~1.4 and 3.2 solar masses, are closely related to pulsars. We emphasize on computing the change in the pulsation eigenfrequencies owing to a rigid rotation, which, in turn, is a decisive issue for studying stability of such objects. In our computations, we keep rotational perturbation terms of up to second order in the angular velocity.

Terminal sliding mode control for coordinated motion of a space rigid manipulator with external disturbance

The control problem of coordinated motion of a free-floating space rigid manipulator with external disturbance is discussed. By combining linear momentum conversion and the Lagrangian approach, the full-control dynamic equation and the Jacobian relation of a free-floating space rigid manipulator are established and then inverted to the state equation for control design. Based on the terminal sliding mode control （SMC） technique, a mathematical expression of the terminal sliding surface is proposed. The terminal SMC scheme is then developed for coordinated motion between the base＇s attitude and the end-effector of the free-floating space manipulator with external disturbance. This proposed control scheme not only guarantees the existence of the sliding phase of the closed-loop system, but also ensures that the output tracking error converges to zero in finite time. In addition, because the initial system state is always at the terminal sliding surface, the control scheme can eliminate reaching phase of the SMC and guarantee global robustness and stability of the closed-loop system. A planar free-floating space rigid manipulator is simulated to verify the feasibility of the proposed control scheme.

坚持“四水四定”推动经济社会高质量发展——以宁夏回族自治区“四水四定”创新实践为例

坚持“四水四定”,强化水资源刚性约束,既是缓解我国水资源供需矛盾、保障水安全的必然选择,也是推动高质量发展、建设美丽中国的客观要求。文章以宁夏回族自治区为例,深入分析了宁夏回族自治区“四水四定”改革实践,总结了相关经验启示,为探索以水资源节约集约利用推动经济社会高质量发展提供了参考。

Dynamic modeling and simulation for the rigid flexible coupling system with a non-tip mass

The rigid flexible coupling system with a mass at non-tip position of the flexible beam is studied in this paper. Using the theory about mechanics problems in a non-inertial coordinate sys- tem, the dynamic equations of the rigid flexible coupling system with dynamic stiffening are estab- lished. It is clearly elucidated for the first time that, dynamic stiffening is produced by the coupling effect of the centrifugal inertial load distributed on the beam and the transverse vibration deformation of the beam. The modeling approach in this paper successfully solves problems of popular modeling methods nowadays： the derivation process is too complex by using only one dynamic principle; a clearly theoretical mechanism for dynamic stiffening can＇ t be offered. First, the mass at non-tip po- sition is incorporated into the continuous dynamic equations of the system by use of the Dirac lunch tion and the Heaviside function. Then, based on the conclusions of orthogonalization about the nor- mal constrained modes, the finite dimensional state space equations suitable for controller design are obtained. The numerical simulation results show that： dynamic stiffening is included in the first-or- der model established in this paper, which indicates the dynamic responses of the rigid flexible cou- pling system with large overall motion accurately. The results also show that the mass has a soften- ing effect on the dynamic behavior of the flexible beam, and the effect would be more obvious when the mass has a larger mass, or lies closer to the tip of the beam.

不同倾斜方式对倾斜液化场地地震响应的影响分析

在倾斜场地地震液化后,土体的侧向流动扩展引起的场地失效以及大变形问题的研究中,不同的倾斜方式会对试验结果产生一定的影响,而目前针对不同倾斜方式对倾斜液化场地土体地震动力响应影响评价的研究成果还较为少见。根据课题组开展的水平液化自由场振动台试验,首先基于OpenSees有限元平台建立了水平液化自由场有限元计算模型,在数值模型中考虑了模型箱对场地土地震响应的影响,通过对比数值计算结果与试验结果验证了数值模型的可靠性。在此基础上建立了倾斜液化自由场有限元计算模型,分别建立了层剪箱整体倾斜模型、层剪箱场地土倾斜模型和刚性箱场地土倾斜3种不同的数值模型来模拟振动台试验中采用的不同的倾斜方式。通过对比,分析了在0.3g汶川地震卧龙波作用下3个数值模型计算得到的自由场土体动力响应结果,并讨论了3种不同的倾斜方式对计算结果的影响,最后给出了针对倾斜液化场地地震动力响应数值模拟和振动台试验研究中的一些有参考价值的结论。

某轻卡驾驶室怠速抖动原因及改进

为解决某轻卡空压机工作引起的驾驶室怠速抖动问题,测试座椅、发动机和空压机的振动加速度,分析怠速工况下驾驶室抖动的激励源、动力总成悬置系统隔振和空压机往复惯性力,通过仿真和试验结合设计改进方案,并进行试验验证。结果表明:空压机振动是驾驶室抖动的激励源,空压机工作频率与动力总成多个刚体模态的固有频率接近,振动隔振效果差;降低空压机往复惯性质量、优化曲轴过量平衡率降低空压机本体振动,确定最佳过量平衡率为0.25;将传动速比由0.68增大为1.00,空压机工作频率由8.5 Hz提高到12.5 Hz;优化后,怠速工况下座椅的振动加速度幅值由0.044 g(g为自由落体加速度)降低至0.019g,达到客户主观评价要求。

运载火箭姿态控制速率陀螺自适应加权方法

针对运载火箭反馈控制回路中弹性振动信号与刚体信号存在耦合,会明显降低姿控系统稳定性的问题,提出了一种速率陀螺自适应加权方法,该方法适用于弹性振动的模态振型斜率和频率存在偏差的情况。将速率陀螺观测信号转换为频域表达,采用插值离散傅里叶变换方法辨识弹性频率;基于频域信号提出了速率陀螺加权系数矩阵自适应更新算法,分步抑制了各阶弹性振动信号;开展了不同偏差情况下的仿真校验工作。仿真结果表明,速率陀螺自适应加权方法可实现对速率陀螺测量信号中弹性振动信号的显著抑制,从源头上减小弹性振动信号对姿控系统稳定性的不利影响,从而提高运载火箭姿态控制器的性能,降低控制器的设计难度。

快装式折叠箱房转动节点试验研究

文中提出了一种以转动节点为核心的新型快装式折叠箱房结构体系,采用不同的加载方式对3个转动节点开展了单调静力加载试验,研究了其承载力、破坏模式、刚度及变形能力。研究发现:转动节点的主要破坏模式为销轴的剪切破坏、螺栓的拉断和节点区钢板的屈曲。通过对转动节点试件进行刚度分析,可以发现节点绕Y轴的刚度较小,偏向于铰接,绕X轴的刚度则相对较大。

某纯电动轿车空调压缩机振动噪声分析及改进

纯电动汽车空调压缩机制冷和制热需要不仅包含车内需求,还需冷却或加热电池,压缩机负载增大。汽油车压缩机的转速和发动机有固定速比,常用转速840~3600rpm,电动车压缩机转速由负载决定,通常为800~8000rpm。纯电动车没有发动机屏蔽,怠速压缩机噪声变得特别显著。需优化压缩机支架模态和压缩机刚体模态与车内空腔模态的避频、方向盘模态避频等,来解决车内噪声和振动问题。

Dynamic modeling and simulation for the flexible spacecraft with dynamic stiffening

A rigid flexible coupling physical model which can represent a flexible spacecraft is investigated in this paper. By applying the mechanics theory in a non-inertial coordinate system,the rigid flexible coupling dynamic model with dynamic stiffening is established via the subsystemmodeling framework. It is clearly elucidated for the first time that,dynamic stiffening is produced by the coupling effect of the centrifugal inertial load distributed on the beamand the transverse vibration deformation of the beam. The modeling approach in this paper successfully avoids problems which are caused by other popular modeling methods nowadays： the derivation process is too complex by using only one dynamic principle; a clearly theoretical explanation for dynamic stiffening can＇t be provided. First,the continuous dynamic models of the flexible beamand the central rigid body are established via structural dynamics and angular momentumtheory respectively. Then,based on the conclusions of orthogonalization about the normal constrained modes,the finite dimensional dynamic model suitable for controller design is obtained. The numerical simulation validations showthat： dynamic stiffening is successfully incorporated into the dynamic characteristics of the first-order model established in this paper,which can indicate the dynamic responses of the rigid flexible coupling system with large overall motion accurately,and has a clear modeling mechanism,concise expressions and a good convergence.

Dynamic Modeling and Adaptive Fast Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Satellite with Double Rotary Payloads

A robust attitude control methodology is proposed for satellite system with double rotary payloads. The dynamic model is built by the Newton-Euler method and then the dynamic interconneetion between satellite＇s main body and payloads is described precisely. A nonlinear disturbance observer is designed for satellite＇s main body to estimate disturbance torque acted by motion of payloads. Meanwhile, the adaptive fast nonsingular terminal sliding-mode attitude stabilization controller is proposed for satellite＇s main body to quicken convergence speed of state variables. Similarly, the adaptive fast nonsingular terminal sliding-mode attitude maneuver controller is designed for each payload to weaken the disturbance effect of motion of satellite＇s main body. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

毛竹杆纯弯构件受力性能试验研究

为研究毛竹杆的受弯性能,先对取自10根毛竹的40组竹条标准材性件进行抗弯试验,得到其破坏模式和抗弯强度;再对直径为90、120 mm,跨距为3000、3600 mm的24根毛竹杆进行弯曲试验,研究其荷载—位移曲线、初始抗弯刚度、极限承载力、挠度、破坏模式等相关力学性能;理论推导毛竹梁破坏受压区高度及受拉区边缘应力。结果表明:毛竹梁跨距变化对挠度的影响大于直径变化对挠度的影响,毛竹梁直径越大、跨距越小,初始抗弯刚度越大;根据试验数据,按弹性理论计算出毛竹杆受弯破坏时的受压区高度在3R/2处,在小挠度条件下,毛竹梁受弯符合平截面假定,大挠度条件下,截面受压区高度上移,计算出的破坏边缘拉应力与平截面假定计算的结果不一致,建议毛竹梁受弯破坏弯矩按上边缘顺纹抗压强度达到最大进行计算。

筒仓模块化穹顶式滑模刚性平台单榀足尺试验研究

随着筒仓直径的增大,仓顶结构的施工难度也显著提升。为检测模块化穹顶式滑模刚性平台在大直径筒仓仓顶混凝土结构施工时的承载能力,对36m跨度模块化穹顶式滑模刚性平台取出一榀空间管桁架进行静力试验及理论分析。根据实际试验对象的约束条件,建立有效的有限元计算模型,并对单榀空间管桁架有限元计算结果与试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明:单榀空间管桁架具有良好的承载能力,结构变形及各杆件内力呈线性增长,锥壳工况设计荷载下,结构最大位移值为59.4mm,最大压应力为-133.1MPa,最大拉应力为261.7MPa,均满足规范要求,试验值与有限元值相吻合,验证了有限元计算模型的正确性。

SCATTERING FAR FIELD SOLUTION OF SH-WAVE BY MOVABLE RIGID CYLINDRICAL INTERFACE INCLUSION

The Green's function is used to solve the scattering far fieldsolution of SH-wave by a mov- able rigid cylindrical interfaceinclusion in a linear elastic body. First, a suitable Green'sfunction is devel- oped, which is the fundamental displacementsolution of an elastic half space with a movable rigid half-cylin-drical inclusion impacted by out-of-plane harmonic line source loadedat any point of its horizontal surface.

多模式绳牵引刚柔结合夹持器设计与分析

为了解决夹持器难以稳定夹持轮廓复杂的易损异形物体的问题,以提高夹持器的自适应性和保护抓取能力,设计了一种包括绳索驱动系统和柔性铰链结构的绳牵引刚柔结合夹持器。通过设计夹持器的绳索路径实现多种抓取模式之间的相互转换。在载荷平衡方程的基础上对两种抓取模式进行静力学建模,得到输入力与输出夹持力之间的力学模型,并通过数值仿真和物理试验验证力学模型的正确性与夹持器的抓取性能。最后,分别对不同几何形状和不同刚度的抓取目标进行抓取试验,验证了夹持器自适应保护抓取的能力。

多洞并行隧道围岩稳定性与破坏模式极限分析

受交通廊道的空间限制,隧道工程逐渐出现了多洞并行的布设形式。当相邻隧道净间距较小时,建设期间可能出现相互影响,降低围岩稳定性。将该课题简化为平面应变条件下的多洞并行等间距毛洞隧道围岩稳定性问题,应用刚体平动运动单元上限法开展计算分析,获取失稳临界状态下围岩稳定系数曲线和滑移线网破坏模式的定量数据,揭示围岩稳定性与潜在破坏模式随强度参数、隧道埋深H和多洞净距S等因素间的演化规律。研究结果和已有双洞并行隧道的对比分析表明:净间距S大于转换间距Str后,二者均表现为单洞独自破坏形式,且稳定系数Ncr数值吻合较好;而净距S较小时,多洞并行隧道围岩表现为上方整体下沉条件下的中夹岩破坏,较之双洞并行情况围岩稳定性大大降低。研究结果可为多洞并行隧道围岩稳定性评价及加固方案制定等工作提供数据支撑。

混合梁刚构桥钢-混结合段的构造优化与试验

为了研究钢-混结合段的破坏模式及承载力,为局部构造优化提供依据,采用有限元模型分析钢格室高度变化对结合段受力的影响,设计制作2个结合段缩尺模型,分别测试现有工程和优化后的结合段在压剪耦合作用下的受力性能,得到结合段的受压极限承载力和破坏模式。研究表明:钢格室高度的变化对结合段后承压板承担的轴力比例的影响不大;现有工程的结合段的极限破坏状态由钢梁过渡段控制,钢梁过渡段和结合段的安全储备系数分别为3.30和6.65;优化后的钢-混结合段,钢格室高度降低1/3,局部钢板厚度减小1/3,其极限承载力仍高于钢梁过渡段,且安全储备系数为5.58。在设计混合梁刚构桥的钢-混结合段时,建议合理降低钢格室的高度,且将U形开孔剪力板改为O形开孔剪力板,以提高对填充混凝土的面外约束效应。

改进的岩质凸块的超载储备极限平衡法

脱离模式是块体理论提出的有限可动块体的失稳模式之一。虽然直接塌落是地下工程中最常见的失稳现象,但是目前依然缺少适用的定量分析方法,这使得地下工程的开挖和加固设计缺乏必要的理论支撑。为此,提出了一种改进的考虑渐进破坏的岩块稳定分析方法。主要改进了3处:(1)引入超载基数和超载方向两个参数来量化描述储备荷载;(2)提出了Tan和Scal两种超载基数设定方式;(3)超载方向设定在节理锥的边界扇面上。算例验证结果表明,改进方法完全兼容现有双面滑模式的安全系数算法,实现了脱离模式的定量稳定性分析。最后,讨论了改进方法的刚度参数取值方法及其敏感性。

某SUV怠速间歇性抖动问题诊断与优化

文章根据客户对产品的噪声、振动与声振粗糙度(NVH)抱怨问题,基于工程经验,对动力总成的刚体模态测试和对发动机怠速燃烧性能进行测试分析,确认整车动力总成刚体模态达成合理的工程目标,但发动机怠速燃烧存在问题,对怠速发动机标定软件优化,很好地解决了该间歇性抖动问题,有效减少了客户抱怨。