Rigid-flexible composite pavement has gained significant popularity in recent decades.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress concerning rigid-flexible composite pavement,aiming to promote ...Rigid-flexible composite pavement has gained significant popularity in recent decades.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress concerning rigid-flexible composite pavement,aiming to promote its application and address key issues while identifying future directions.The design theory and methodology of rigid-flexible composite pavement are discussed,followed by a description of its structural and mechanical behavior characteristics.The load stress,temperature stress,and their interactive effects between the asphalt layer and the rigid base were analyzed.It is clarified that the asphalt layer serves a dual role as both a“functional layer”and a“structural layer”.Typical distresses of rigid-flexible composite pavement,which primarily occur in the asphalt layer,were discussed.These distresses include reflective cracking,top-down cracking,rutting,and compressive-shear failure.Generally,the integrity of the rigid base and the interlaminar bonding conditions significantly impact the performance and distress of the asphalt layer.The technology for enhancing the performance of rigid-flexible composite pavement is summarized in three aspects:asphalt layer properties,rigid base integrity,and interlaminar bonding condition.The study concludes that developing high-performance pavement materials based on their structural behaviors is an effective approach to improve the performance and durability of rigid-flexible composite pavement.The integrated design of structure and materials represents the future direction of road design.展开更多
为了进一步发挥电子纸优势,提升其原笔迹书写功能,介绍手写交互和笔写交互技术,通过对ITO工艺与铜金属网格(Cu Metal Mesh)工艺进行比较,并对手写触控磁容一体的铜金属网格进行技术分析,阐述了磁容一体手写触控技术原理,通过与目前主流...为了进一步发挥电子纸优势,提升其原笔迹书写功能,介绍手写交互和笔写交互技术,通过对ITO工艺与铜金属网格(Cu Metal Mesh)工艺进行比较,并对手写触控磁容一体的铜金属网格进行技术分析,阐述了磁容一体手写触控技术原理,通过与目前主流书写技术进行比较,得出磁容一体手写触控技术的优势。证明了采用最先进的铜金属网格磁容一体技术,可以大幅降低电子纸手写触控应用成本并带来更好的人机交互体验,对电子纸应用普及和推广起到积极作用。展开更多
This paper presents a high-order coupled compact integrated RBF(CC IRBF)approximation based domain decomposition(DD)algorithm for the discretisation of second-order differential problems.Several Schwarz DD algorithms,...This paper presents a high-order coupled compact integrated RBF(CC IRBF)approximation based domain decomposition(DD)algorithm for the discretisation of second-order differential problems.Several Schwarz DD algorithms,including one-level additive/multiplicative and two-level additive/multiplicative/hybrid,are employed.The CCIRBF based DD algorithms are analysed with different mesh sizes,numbers of subdomains and overlap sizes for Poisson problems.Our convergence analysis shows that the CCIRBF two-level multiplicative version is the most effective algorithm among various schemes employed here.Especially,the present CCIRBF two-level method converges quite rapidly even when the domain is divided into many subdomains,which shows great promise for either serial or parallel computing.For practical tests,we then incorporate the CCIRBF into serial and parallel two-level multiplicative Schwarz.Several numerical examples,including those governed by Poisson and Navier-Stokes equations are analysed to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the serial and parallel algorithms implemented with the CCIRBF.Numerical results show:(i)the CCIRBF-Serial and-Parallel algorithms have the capability to reach almost the same solution accuracy level of the CCIRBF-Single domain,which is ideal in terms of computational calculations;(ii)the CCIRBF-Serial and-Parallel algorithms are highly accurate in comparison with standard finite difference,compact finite difference and some other schemes;(iii)the proposed CCIRBF-Serial and-Parallel algorithms may be used as alternatives to solve large-size problems which the CCIRBF-Single domain may not be able to deal with.The ability of producing stable and highly accurate results of the proposed serial and parallel schemes is believed to be the contribution of the coarse mesh of the two-level domain decomposition and the CCIRBF approximation.It is noted that the focus of this paper is on the derivation of highly accurate serial and parallel algorithms for second-order differential problems.The scope of this work does not cover a thorough analysis of computational time.展开更多
基金This manuscript is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB2601000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52278437,52008044)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2022JJ40479)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Provincial Department of Transportation(Grant No.202236)the Changsha Outstanding Innovative Youth Training Program Project(Grant No.kq2306009).
文摘Rigid-flexible composite pavement has gained significant popularity in recent decades.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress concerning rigid-flexible composite pavement,aiming to promote its application and address key issues while identifying future directions.The design theory and methodology of rigid-flexible composite pavement are discussed,followed by a description of its structural and mechanical behavior characteristics.The load stress,temperature stress,and their interactive effects between the asphalt layer and the rigid base were analyzed.It is clarified that the asphalt layer serves a dual role as both a“functional layer”and a“structural layer”.Typical distresses of rigid-flexible composite pavement,which primarily occur in the asphalt layer,were discussed.These distresses include reflective cracking,top-down cracking,rutting,and compressive-shear failure.Generally,the integrity of the rigid base and the interlaminar bonding conditions significantly impact the performance and distress of the asphalt layer.The technology for enhancing the performance of rigid-flexible composite pavement is summarized in three aspects:asphalt layer properties,rigid base integrity,and interlaminar bonding condition.The study concludes that developing high-performance pavement materials based on their structural behaviors is an effective approach to improve the performance and durability of rigid-flexible composite pavement.The integrated design of structure and materials represents the future direction of road design.
文摘为了进一步发挥电子纸优势,提升其原笔迹书写功能,介绍手写交互和笔写交互技术,通过对ITO工艺与铜金属网格(Cu Metal Mesh)工艺进行比较,并对手写触控磁容一体的铜金属网格进行技术分析,阐述了磁容一体手写触控技术原理,通过与目前主流书写技术进行比较,得出磁容一体手写触控技术的优势。证明了采用最先进的铜金属网格磁容一体技术,可以大幅降低电子纸手写触控应用成本并带来更好的人机交互体验,对电子纸应用普及和推广起到积极作用。
文摘This paper presents a high-order coupled compact integrated RBF(CC IRBF)approximation based domain decomposition(DD)algorithm for the discretisation of second-order differential problems.Several Schwarz DD algorithms,including one-level additive/multiplicative and two-level additive/multiplicative/hybrid,are employed.The CCIRBF based DD algorithms are analysed with different mesh sizes,numbers of subdomains and overlap sizes for Poisson problems.Our convergence analysis shows that the CCIRBF two-level multiplicative version is the most effective algorithm among various schemes employed here.Especially,the present CCIRBF two-level method converges quite rapidly even when the domain is divided into many subdomains,which shows great promise for either serial or parallel computing.For practical tests,we then incorporate the CCIRBF into serial and parallel two-level multiplicative Schwarz.Several numerical examples,including those governed by Poisson and Navier-Stokes equations are analysed to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the serial and parallel algorithms implemented with the CCIRBF.Numerical results show:(i)the CCIRBF-Serial and-Parallel algorithms have the capability to reach almost the same solution accuracy level of the CCIRBF-Single domain,which is ideal in terms of computational calculations;(ii)the CCIRBF-Serial and-Parallel algorithms are highly accurate in comparison with standard finite difference,compact finite difference and some other schemes;(iii)the proposed CCIRBF-Serial and-Parallel algorithms may be used as alternatives to solve large-size problems which the CCIRBF-Single domain may not be able to deal with.The ability of producing stable and highly accurate results of the proposed serial and parallel schemes is believed to be the contribution of the coarse mesh of the two-level domain decomposition and the CCIRBF approximation.It is noted that the focus of this paper is on the derivation of highly accurate serial and parallel algorithms for second-order differential problems.The scope of this work does not cover a thorough analysis of computational time.
基金Foundation item: Supported by the NSF of China(10371113)Supported by the Foundation of Overseas Scholar of China(2001(119))Supported by the project of Creative Engineering of Province of China(2002(219))
