After retrieving all papers with the theme of ＂apple ring rot＂ from 1994 to 2010, the article made a statistical analysis on locations, occurrence degree, regularity, prevention and treatments of apple ring rot acco...After retrieving all papers with the theme of ＂apple ring rot＂ from 1994 to 2010, the article made a statistical analysis on locations, occurrence degree, regularity, prevention and treatments of apple ring rot according to published time. The results showed that the occurrence degree of apple ring rot increased year by year, and were uneven among the major apple producing areas with a trend of spreading gradually from east to west. Researchers had paid more attention to control and pharmaceutical experiments of ring rot, while the studies on basic research, projections and forecasts of the disease were not enough. Some prevention and control recommendations of apple ring rot were proposed based on the detailed analysis.展开更多
The pathogen,pathogenic mechanism and incidence condition of pear ring rot,and its damage on fruits,branches and leaves are summarized in the paper. The control measures including plant quarantine,agricultural control...The pathogen,pathogenic mechanism and incidence condition of pear ring rot,and its damage on fruits,branches and leaves are summarized in the paper. The control measures including plant quarantine,agricultural control,physical control,biological control,and chemical control against pear ring rot are reviewed.展开更多
Considering the heavy losses caused by pear ring rot(Botryosphaeria berengeriana) disease, the potential biocontrol agent against B. berengeriana was isolated and characterized in this work. Bacteria, isolated from pe...Considering the heavy losses caused by pear ring rot(Botryosphaeria berengeriana) disease, the potential biocontrol agent against B. berengeriana was isolated and characterized in this work. Bacteria, isolated from pear orchard rhizosphere soil, were screened for the biological control of pear ring rot caused by B. berengeriana. Among them, strain L-1 showed noticeable inhibitory activities against B. berengeriana and six other commonly occurring postharvest pathogens. Molecular methods indicated strain L-1 was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The potential of strain L-1 as an effective biocontrol agent was further estimated. Results showed strain L-1 could successfully colonize in pear wounds, its colonies reached 142.35 folds on 4 days post inoculation, and maintained at a high level during storage. In addition, strain L-1 caused abnormal hyphae growth of B. berengeriana,and its inhibitory percentage against pear ring rot reached 76.55% in vivo on 11 days post inoculation. Strain L-1 significantly induced the peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) activities and delayed the accumulation of malondialdehyde(MDA) in pears. What's more, strain L-1 did not impair the fruit quality. All these results suggest that B. berengeriana L-1 is a promising agent for the biocontrol of pear ring rot.展开更多
Apple ring rot,which is caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea,severely affects apple production.The mechanisms employed in apple cells against B.dothidea remain unknown.In this research,the pathogen infection mode and the...Apple ring rot,which is caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea,severely affects apple production.The mechanisms employed in apple cells against B.dothidea remain unknown.In this research,the pathogen infection mode and the relationship between cell death and disease resistance in‘Fuji’/B.dothidea interaction pathosystem were investigated.By using transmission electron microscopy(TEM),our research showed that the pathogen infects apple cells both intracellularly and extracellularly.However,compared with that in immature fruit,the incidence of hyphae in the interior of mature apple fruit cells increased dramatically,suggesting that cell wall-mediated penetration resistance could be important in apple resistance against B.dothidea.TEM ultrastructural characterization identified the nuclear morphology of programmed cell death induction in both apple fruit and callus cells under B.dothidea infection.Overexpression of MdVDAC2(MDP0000271281),which encodes an outer-membrane localized anion channel protein in mitochondria,significantly promoted cell death under B.dothidea infection and simultaneously inhibited pathogen infection,suggesting that cell death represents a disease resistance mechanism in apple against B.dothidea infection.Furthermore,BdCatalase(KAF4307763),a cytochromeP450 family protein BdCYP52A4(KAF4300696),and subtilisin-domain containing proteinswere identified fromB.dothidea-secreted proteins,which suggested the potential involvement of active oxygen species and phytoalexins in combating B.dothidea infection and triggering or dampening apple resistance.Collectively,our research suggested that cell wall-mediated penetration resistance,programmed cell death machinery and microbial effector-interrelated signaling were among strategies recruited in apple to combat B.dothidea.The current research laid the foundation for further investigations into resistance mechanisms in apple.展开更多
【目的】分析苹果轮纹病菌(Botryosphaeria berengeriana)的遗传多样性并确认其优势类群。【方法】对采集分离的64个菌株进行形态特征和致病性测定,对部分菌株的进行了ITS序列测序,采用ISSR分析这些菌株的遗传多样性。【结果】通过形态...【目的】分析苹果轮纹病菌(Botryosphaeria berengeriana)的遗传多样性并确认其优势类群。【方法】对采集分离的64个菌株进行形态特征和致病性测定,对部分菌株的进行了ITS序列测序,采用ISSR分析这些菌株的遗传多样性。【结果】通过形态特征和致病性明确了所分离的64个菌株是苹果轮纹病菌。17个菌株ITS序列与贝格伦葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria berengeriana de Not f.sp.piricola(Nose)Koganezawa et Sakuma)的序列一致,并且被分成两个类型H1和H2。用13条ISSR引物从64个菌株中扩增出121条条带,其中88条多态性条带,多态性比率为72%。64个菌株的遗传相似性从0.44到0.99,并且被分成2个ISSR类群,类群1包含21个菌株、类群2包含43个菌株。【结论】本研究中贝格伦葡萄座腔菌的遗传多样性与菌株的地域、症状以及分离部位没有相关性。苹果轮纹病菌被分成2个ISSR类群,类群2是优势类群。展开更多
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest"Species and Damage Characteristic of Pests in Apple" (200903004-42)"Research and Demonstration of Fruit Trees Rot Disease Prevention and Control Technology"(201203034)
文摘After retrieving all papers with the theme of ＂apple ring rot＂ from 1994 to 2010, the article made a statistical analysis on locations, occurrence degree, regularity, prevention and treatments of apple ring rot according to published time. The results showed that the occurrence degree of apple ring rot increased year by year, and were uneven among the major apple producing areas with a trend of spreading gradually from east to west. Researchers had paid more attention to control and pharmaceutical experiments of ring rot, while the studies on basic research, projections and forecasts of the disease were not enough. Some prevention and control recommendations of apple ring rot were proposed based on the detailed analysis.
文摘The pathogen,pathogenic mechanism and incidence condition of pear ring rot,and its damage on fruits,branches and leaves are summarized in the paper. The control measures including plant quarantine,agricultural control,physical control,biological control,and chemical control against pear ring rot are reviewed.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFD0400903-06)China Agriculture Research System (CARS-29-19)Chinese Academy of Agriculture Association, Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Project (CAAS-ASTIP-2015-RIP-06)
文摘Considering the heavy losses caused by pear ring rot(Botryosphaeria berengeriana) disease, the potential biocontrol agent against B. berengeriana was isolated and characterized in this work. Bacteria, isolated from pear orchard rhizosphere soil, were screened for the biological control of pear ring rot caused by B. berengeriana. Among them, strain L-1 showed noticeable inhibitory activities against B. berengeriana and six other commonly occurring postharvest pathogens. Molecular methods indicated strain L-1 was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The potential of strain L-1 as an effective biocontrol agent was further estimated. Results showed strain L-1 could successfully colonize in pear wounds, its colonies reached 142.35 folds on 4 days post inoculation, and maintained at a high level during storage. In addition, strain L-1 caused abnormal hyphae growth of B. berengeriana,and its inhibitory percentage against pear ring rot reached 76.55% in vivo on 11 days post inoculation. Strain L-1 significantly induced the peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) activities and delayed the accumulation of malondialdehyde(MDA) in pears. What's more, strain L-1 did not impair the fruit quality. All these results suggest that B. berengeriana L-1 is a promising agent for the biocontrol of pear ring rot.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD1000307)the Natural Science Foundation in China(Grant Nos.31672136 and 31272132).
文摘Apple ring rot,which is caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea,severely affects apple production.The mechanisms employed in apple cells against B.dothidea remain unknown.In this research,the pathogen infection mode and the relationship between cell death and disease resistance in‘Fuji’/B.dothidea interaction pathosystem were investigated.By using transmission electron microscopy(TEM),our research showed that the pathogen infects apple cells both intracellularly and extracellularly.However,compared with that in immature fruit,the incidence of hyphae in the interior of mature apple fruit cells increased dramatically,suggesting that cell wall-mediated penetration resistance could be important in apple resistance against B.dothidea.TEM ultrastructural characterization identified the nuclear morphology of programmed cell death induction in both apple fruit and callus cells under B.dothidea infection.Overexpression of MdVDAC2(MDP0000271281),which encodes an outer-membrane localized anion channel protein in mitochondria,significantly promoted cell death under B.dothidea infection and simultaneously inhibited pathogen infection,suggesting that cell death represents a disease resistance mechanism in apple against B.dothidea infection.Furthermore,BdCatalase(KAF4307763),a cytochromeP450 family protein BdCYP52A4(KAF4300696),and subtilisin-domain containing proteinswere identified fromB.dothidea-secreted proteins,which suggested the potential involvement of active oxygen species and phytoalexins in combating B.dothidea infection and triggering or dampening apple resistance.Collectively,our research suggested that cell wall-mediated penetration resistance,programmed cell death machinery and microbial effector-interrelated signaling were among strategies recruited in apple to combat B.dothidea.The current research laid the foundation for further investigations into resistance mechanisms in apple.
文摘【目的】分析苹果轮纹病菌(Botryosphaeria berengeriana)的遗传多样性并确认其优势类群。【方法】对采集分离的64个菌株进行形态特征和致病性测定,对部分菌株的进行了ITS序列测序,采用ISSR分析这些菌株的遗传多样性。【结果】通过形态特征和致病性明确了所分离的64个菌株是苹果轮纹病菌。17个菌株ITS序列与贝格伦葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria berengeriana de Not f.sp.piricola(Nose)Koganezawa et Sakuma)的序列一致,并且被分成两个类型H1和H2。用13条ISSR引物从64个菌株中扩增出121条条带,其中88条多态性条带,多态性比率为72%。64个菌株的遗传相似性从0.44到0.99,并且被分成2个ISSR类群,类群1包含21个菌株、类群2包含43个菌株。【结论】本研究中贝格伦葡萄座腔菌的遗传多样性与菌株的地域、症状以及分离部位没有相关性。苹果轮纹病菌被分成2个ISSR类群,类群2是优势类群。
