Experimental Study on Vortex-Induced Vibration of Rough Risers with Coupling Interference Effect Under Side-by-Side Arrangement

A vortex-induced vibration(VIV)experiment of rough risers with coupling interference effect under a side-by-side arrangement was carried out in a wave-current combined flume.The roughness of the riser was characterized by arranging different specifications of surface attachments on the surface of the riser.Rough risers with three different roughnesses were arranged side by side with smooth risers to explore the VIV response of the riser under the combined action of roughness and interference effect,and to reveal the coupling mechanism between roughness and interference effect.The experimental results show that,compared with that of a smooth riser,the VIV of a rough riser under the coupling interference effect has a wider"lock-in"region,and the displacement decreases more significantly at a high reduced velocity,which is more likely to excite higher-order modes and frequency responses.In addition,the displacement response and frequency response of the smooth riser are not significantly affected by wake interference from the rough riser,which is caused by the decrease of the wake region due to the delay of the boundary layer separation point of the rough riser.

Sparse Modal Decomposition Method Addressing Underdetermined Vortex-Induced Vibration Reconstruction Problem for Marine Risers

When investigating the vortex-induced vibration(VIV)of marine risers,extrapolating the dynamic response on the entire length based on limited sensor measurements is a crucial step in both laboratory experiments and fatigue monitoring of real risers.The problem is conventionally solved using the modal decomposition method,based on the principle that the response can be approximated by a weighted sum of limited vibration modes.However,the method is not valid when the problem is underdetermined,i.e.,the number of unknown mode weights is more than the number of known measurements.This study proposed a sparse modal decomposition method based on the compressed sensing theory and the Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit(Co Sa MP)algorithm,exploiting the sparsity of VIV in the modal space.In the validation study based on high-order VIV experiment data,the proposed method successfully reconstructed the response using only seven acceleration measurements when the conventional methods failed.A primary advantage of the proposed method is that it offers a completely data-driven approach for the underdetermined VIV reconstruction problem,which is more favorable than existing model-dependent solutions for many practical applications such as riser structural health monitoring.

Vibration Control of A Flexible Marine Riser System Subject to Input Dead Zone and Extraneous Disturbances

An observer-based adaptive backstepping boundary control is proposed for vibration control of flexible offshore riser systems with unknown nonlinear input dead zone and uncertain environmental disturbances.The control algorithm can update the control law online through real-time data to make the controller adapt to the environment and improve the control precision.Specifically,based on the adaptive backstepping framework,virtual control laws and Lyapunov functions are designed for each subsystem.Three direction interference observers are designed to track the timevarying boundary disturbance.On this basis,the inverse of the dead zone and linear state transformation are used to compensate for the original system and eliminate the adverse effects of the dead zone.In addition,the stability of the closed-loop system is proven by Lyapunov stability theory.All the system states are bounded,and the vibration offset of the riser converges to a small area of the initial position.Finally,four examples of flexible marine risers are simulated in MATLAB to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

Dynamic Analysis of A Deepwater Drilling Riser with A New Hang-off System

The safety of risers in hang-off states is a vital challenge in offshore oil and gas engineering.A new hang-off system installed on top of risers is proposed for improving the security of risers.This approach leads to a challenging problem:coupling the dynamics of risers with a new hang-off system combined with multiple structures and complex constraints.To accurately analyze the dynamic responses of the coupled system,a coupled dynamic model is established based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam-column theory and penalty function method.A comprehensive analysis method is proposed for coupled dynamic analysis by combining the finite element method and the Newmarkβmethod.An analysis program is also developed in MATLAB for dynamic simulation.The simulation results show that the dynamic performances of the risers at the top part are significantly improved by the new hang-off system,especially the novel design,which includes the centralizer and articulation joint.The bending moment and lateral deformation of the risers at the top part decrease,while the hang-off joint experiences a great bending moment at the bottom of the lateral restraint area which requires particular attention in design and application.The platform navigation speed range under the safety limits of risers expands with the new hang-off system in use.

A New Simulation Model for Recoil Analysis of Deep-Water Drilling Risers After Emergency Disconnection

The recoil response of a deep-water drilling riser following an ED(Emergency Disconnection)scenario is a transient and sensitive process.The recoiling displacement of the riser is the resultant of recoil motion and axial stretch.How-ever,it is typically represented by one variable in recoil simulations.As axial deformation is quite small compared with axial motion in the recoil process,it inevitably introduces numerical errors(i.e.,a large number annihilating a small number).Thus,it is hard to perform a quantitative analysis of axial deformation,although a consensus initial deformation is essential for recoil dynamics.Moreover,the triggered axial natural modes have never been examined before.In this study,the recoil response is decomposed into two parts:recoil motion and axial deformation,and a novel model is developed by Galerkin method.It has demonstrated that the initial stretch has a significant effect at the initial stage in recoil.The existing models underestimate the effects of axial deformation.The new model can capture information of triggered natural modes and figure out the modes undergoing dynamic compression.This study can be beneficial to overpull setting,determination of ED time and anti-recoil control optimization.

Abandonment and Recovery Operation of Steel Lazy-Wave Riser in Deepwater by Controlled Vessel and Cable Velocity Rate

Evaluation of abandonment and recovery operation of steel lazy-wave riser in deepwater is presented in this paper.The calculation procedure includes two single continuous SLWR and cable segments, which are coupled together to form the overall mathematical model. Then the equilibrium equations of SLWR and cable are established based on minimum total potential energy principle. The coupled equations are discretized by the finite difference method and solved by Newton-Raphson technique in an iterative manner. The present method is validated by well-established commercial code OrcaFlex. Recovery methods by considering different ratios of vessel’s moving velocity to cable’s recovery velocity are evaluated to optimize the abandonment and recovery operation. In order to keep the tension more stable during the recovery process, the rate ratio before leaving the seabed is increased, and the rate ratio after leaving the seabed is reduced.

Linear analysis of the dynamic response of a riser subject to internal solitary waves

The flow field induced by internal solitary waves(ISWs)is peculiar wherein water motion occurs in the whole water depth,and the strong shear near the pycnocline can be generated due to the opposite flow direction between the upper and lower layers,which is a potential threat to marine risers.In this paper,the flow field of ISWs is obtained with the Korteweg-de Vries(Kd V)equation for a two-layer fluid system.Then,a linear analysis is performed for the dynamic response of a riser with its two ends simply supported under the action of ISWs.The explicit expressions of the deflection and the moment of the riser are deduced based on the modal superposition method.The applicable conditions of the theoretical expressions are discussed.Through comparisons with the finite element simulations for nonlinear dynamic responses,it is proved that the theoretical expressions can roughly reveal the nonlinear dynamic response of risers under ISWs when the approximation for the linear analysis is relaxed to some extent.

Experimental Study on Vortex-Induced Vibration of Marine Riser Model with Coupling Interference Effect Under Combined Internal and External Flow

A partition model of interference efficiency was constructed to study the coupling interference effect under combined internal and external flow.The concept of“internal flow efficiency”,“velocity ratio”and“interference efficiency”were introduced to quantify the effect of internal flow and interference,and reveal the coupling mechanism among internal flow,external flow and interference effect.The results showed that the dynamic response of risers under variable angles was significantly different after considering the effect of internal flow.When the external flow velocity was smaller than 0.25 m/s,the vibration of risers was promoted by the internal flow.With the increase of external flow velocity,the effect of internal flow was weakened and the dynamic response of riser mainly depended on the external flow and interference effect.Under the effect of different internal flow,the interference efficiency had similar change trend.The interference effect amplified the complex secondary flow effect inside the riser,making the dynamic response of riser complex and random.In this paper,the overlap area and subdivision criterion of interference effect were constructed within the range of experimental velocity ratio,and the change curve of interference efficiency was obtained with an average meaning,which may have important practical meaning.

Dynamic Analysis of A Deep-Water Compliant Vertical Access Riser with A Variable Length During Installation

Compliant vertical access risers(CVAR)have broad application prospects in deep-water oil and gas transportation.However,the mechanical behaviors of the CVAR with a variable length during installation remains unclear.To address this issue,based on the flexible segment method,a model of CVAR with a variable length during installation is established in this study,which is verified by the comparison with commercial software.Then,the mechanical behaviors of CVAR during installation are investigated.The results reveal that the CVAR configuration is significantly affected by the buoyancy blocks.The streamwise displacement of CVAR increases with the increase of current velocity.When the BOP weight is insuffcient,obvious upbending is observed in the lower region and transition region,leading to local compression.When the platform moves in the opposite direction to the current,the maximum stress is larger than that of the scenario when the platform moves in the same direction as the current.

Deformation and Stress Analysis of the Deepwater Steel Lazy Wave Riser Subjected to Internal Solitary Waves

The dynamic response of the steel lazy wave riser(SLWR)subjected to the internal solitary wave is a key to assessing its application feasibility.The innovation of this paper is to study the dynamic response properties of the SLWR with large deformation characteristics under internal wave excitation.A numerical scheme of the SLWR is constructed using the slender-rod theory,and the internal solitary wave(ISW)with a two-layer seawater model is simulated by the extended Korteweg-deVries equation.The finite element method combined with the Newmark-βmethod is applied to discretize the equations and update the time integration.The ISW excitation combined with vessel motion on the dynamic deformation and stress of the SLWR is investigated,and extensive simulations of the ISW parameters,including the interface depth ratio and density difference,are carried out.Case calculation reveals that the displacement of the riser in the lower interface layer increases significantly under the ISW excitation,and the stresses at a part of both ends grow evidently.Moreover,the mean value of riser responses under a combination of vessel motion and ISW coincides with the ISW-induced ones.Furthermore,the dynamic responses along the whole riser,including the displacement amplitudes,bending moment amplitudes,and stress amplitudes,almost increase with the increase in interface depth ratios and density differences.

Dynamic Properties of Steel Catenary Riser near Touchdown Point Under Coplanar Vessel Heave and Vortex Induced Vibration

The present study establishes a simple numerical model for the coupled response of a steel catenary riser(SCR) subjected to coplanar vessel motion and vortex-induced vibration(VIV). Owing to the large deflection of the SCR, the geometric nonlinearity is considered in this model. The hydrodynamic force comprises the excitation force and hydrodynamic damping, where the excitation force that only exists when the non-dimensional frequency is located in the lock-in range, is associated with the VIV. The hydrodynamic force model is validated based on the published VIV test data.As for the seabed resistance at the touchdown zone(TDZ), integrated with an initial seabed trench, the hysteretic feature is modeled. Based on the model, the study emphasizes on the coupled response characteristics near the touchdown point(TDP) induced by coplanar vessel heave and VIV, and analyzes the sensitivity of the coupled response to the heaving amplitude and frequency. It is found that with the increase of the heave amplitude and frequency, the VIV can be obviously mitigated, but the heave-related response in the coupled analysis seems to be close to that in the heave-only simulation. Finally, the fatigue damage near TDP is parametrically investigated based on the separate analysis and the coupled analysis. The results demonstrate that the coupled effect plays a significant role in the fatigue assessment near TDP. Besides, the proportion of the coupled effect accounting for the total fatigue damage decreases with the increasing seabed stiffness, while increases with the increasing seabed trench depth.

管卡位置对海管立管的敏感性分析

以海洋平台海管立管为研究对象,考虑实际海况和立管实际结构特点,研究多层立管之间及多层立管与平台之间的受力耦合作用。通过有限元分析软件,建立具有典型代表性的海洋多层立管数值模型。针对管卡位置对海管立管的结构影响,基于管卡位置对海管立管的结构强度和疲劳寿命进行分析。根据分析结果,对管卡的安装位置进行优化,为现场作业提供理论指导,进一步为海上工程设计和施工提供科学依据和安全保障。

基于拉法尔喷管的新型放空立管可行性研究

针对传统放空立管介质出口速度小、扩散高度低等缺点。文章基于理论分析和模拟的手段对新型放空立管进行可行性研究。结果表明,放空介质动能来源于进出口压差及介质焓值,放空过程是一个压降、温降过程;通过对新型放空立管合理设计,在不改变进出口条件下,可比传统立管出口速度提高37.5%~41.7%,提高可燃气体的扩散高度,降低对地面工作人员的潜在危害。该新型放空立管切实可行,可为今后放空立管的设计提供新的思路。

平台运动对柔性立管涡激振动影响的实验研究

基于自循环实验水槽开展了存在平台纵荡和横荡运动时的悬链线型柔性立管涡激振动响应测试,模型立管的长径比为125,测试的平均约化速度范围为4.40~39.33.利用激光位移传感器和高速摄像机分别监测了平台运动和立管振动位移,从响应频率、振幅和振动形态等方面分析了平台运动对立管振动的影响.根据立管振动的主导频率与平台运动的主导频率是否相同,区分了强耦联和弱耦联现象,定义了强耦联的立管长度,其在立管振动的模态过渡组次相对较短.立管振动与平台运动存在两个方向均耦联、仅单一方向耦联和不耦联3种情形.其中,立管平面外振动受平台运动的影响较平面内振动小.以立管瞬时形态的波腹个数变化量化了模态竞争和平台运动对振动形态的影响.通过对比过滤平台固有频率前后的立管振幅、振形与主导频率的时空分布,用强耦合的时间权重和空间长度量化了平台对立管振动耦合的影响,发现高约化速度时,平台运动抑制了立管空间的频率竞争,也抑制了立管平面内与平面外振动的耦合响应.

深水钻井隔水管横向振动振型分析

为了分析深水钻井隔水管的横向振动固有频率和振型,综合考虑深水隔水管受到的顶部张紧力、海洋环境载荷、钻井平台漂移等作用力,借助微元法建立受力分析模型。根据连续梁理论和隔水管单元的动力学微分方程,确定其无阻尼自然振动基本方程,并进一步剖析建立隔水管横向振动固有频率微分方程和模态振型基本方程,然后进行数值求解。使用控制变量法逐步分析隔水管长度、张力比、自身材质对隔水管固有频率的影响和变化规律。通过MATLAB软件表现出不同阶数的振动振型,结果表明:控制张力比、合理选择隔水管类型能够有效提高固有频率,避免与波流力形成共振,进而保证深水钻井作业安全。此外,隔水管的振型并不是标准正弦曲线,振型会受时间的影响不断变化。

海洋环境下深水区立管腐蚀速率预测

为提升海洋环境下深水区立管腐蚀速率的预测精度,建立基于改进秃鹰搜索算法(Improved Bald Eagle Search, IBES)的EDGM(1, 1,ρ)腐蚀速率预测模型。通过Sine混沌映射初始化种群、莱维飞行策略、折射反向学习策略和柯西高斯变异策略提高秃鹰搜索算法的寻优能力和收敛速度;利用IBES算法优化EDGM(1, 1,ρ)中的参数ρ,建立IBES-EDGM(1, 1,ρ)模型以提高立管腐蚀速率的预测精度。以南海某海洋深水区立管数据为基础进行腐蚀速率预测,分析对比3种模型的预测结果。结果表明,优化后的模型与原模型相比误差更小,且预测精度得到了提高,能够更准确地预测深海立管的腐蚀速率,为后续管道系统的维修和更换提供理论参考。

基于尾流振子模型的柔性悬挂立管涡激振动分析

为了分析深海采矿柔性立管涡激振动响应特性,提出了一种高效的针对特殊边界的处理方法.基于欧拉梁模型和尾流振子模型,结合有限差分方法,系统研究不同边界条件、中间仓质量和海流剪切参数对深海采矿立管涡激振动的影响规律.结果表明:悬挂立管底部会产生较大位移,与传统两端铰接立管相比,相同激励下悬挂立管会激发出更高阶的振动模态,从原本5阶模态升至6阶;随着中间仓质量增加,立管振动的主导模态会随之降低,在同一模态下,悬挂立管底部位移逐渐减小,从0.460降至0.405,当模态转换时,底部位移均方根会迅速增大,由0.405升至0.413;底部位移随着均匀流速的增加呈现出波动趋势,在一定流速范围内,位移随流速线性变化;随着剪切参数增大,在同一模态下,立管底部的位移逐渐减小,当模态转换时,底部位移会增加.

大中型球墨铸铁件冒口发热保温覆盖剂的补缩效率试验研究

简述了大中型球墨铸铁冒口覆盖剂的性能要求,提出了新的冒口补缩效率表征和测试方法,通过实际生产试用对新型大中型球墨铸铁件冒口发热保温覆盖剂和国内外2家著名公司同类产品进行了系统的对比研究。结果表明:大中型球墨铸铁件冒口新型发热保温冒口覆盖剂的发热反应起燃温度、起燃时间、发热速度、发热量和生产成本等得到综合平衡,具有低成本和环境友好的特点;新型覆盖剂中氟盐含量低,冒口根部未见石墨球粗大或球化不良缺陷,对球铁铸件表层的石墨球形态影响很小;新型覆盖剂可使大中型球墨铸铁件的冒口相对补缩效率高达50%,优于对比测试的国内外2家著名公司的同类产品,能较好地满足高端装备大中型球墨铸铁件生产要求;新建立的“冒口相对补缩效率”新指标反映了冒口缩沉总体积和形状(即冒口安全高度)的综合影响,比传统的“冒口补缩效率”更能准确地表征冒口的实际补缩能力和效果。

海洋纤维增强热塑性立管极限承载拉力预测方法

海洋新型纤维增强热塑性立管因其可盘卷、耐腐蚀、耐疲劳和轻质化等优点,在深水油气开发中应用前景十分广阔。热塑性立管具有复合材料的各向异性、受力耦合效应及复杂的本构关系,且承受浮体运动和复杂海洋环境载荷,其失效模式尚未明确。针对轴对称载荷作用下纤维增强热塑性立管极限承载力问题,进行热塑性管稳态热传导和热应力的理论推导,求解了稳态温度和应力分布,首次给出了在任意温度载荷作用下管体径向位移的解析解,并直接求解其径向、轴向、环向和剪切应力。采用各向同性层Von Mises和各向异性层最大应力(Max Stress)准则或Tsai-Hill准则判定热塑性管的失效,基于应力分布、失效准则和二分法计算了热塑性管的极限载荷。温度载荷、纤维铺设角度和径厚比对管道的应力分布影响显著。不同温度载荷会改变失效指数沿径向的变化趋势,增大轴向拉力将增大热塑性管的失效指数,选用不同的失效准则在管体失效判定上存在一定的差异。热塑性管温度越低、纤维铺设角越小及径厚比越大,管道对轴向拉伸载荷的承载能力越强。

横向振动立管上升流中球形单颗粒运动特征

深海采矿过程中,输送矿石颗粒的立管在复杂海洋环境作用下会产生运动响应,这会对管道中矿石颗粒的运动行为产生重要影响,从而影响矿石提升效率,甚至可能危及整个采矿系统的安全.结合颗粒运动方程和软球碰撞模型,对横向振动立管中的球形单颗粒运动特征进行研究,主要分析了立管振动参数、颗粒与流体密度比以及颗粒与立管直径比对立管中单颗粒运动的影响.研究表明,随振动频率和幅度、颗粒与流体密度比以及颗粒与立管直径比的增加,颗粒垂向平均速度减小.颗粒与管壁之间无碰撞发生时,颗粒与立管之间横向相对速度幅值、颗粒运动与立管之间横向速度的相位差以及颗粒垂向速度波动幅值,与立管振动的频率和振幅、颗粒与流体密度比以及颗粒与立管直径比呈正相关.然而,当颗粒与立管之间有碰撞发生时,颗粒与立管间的横向速度的相位差减小,而颗粒垂向速度波动幅值显著增大.另外,随着密度比和直径比的增大,颗粒与管壁之间更容易发生碰撞,而碰撞会减弱密度比和直径比对颗粒横向速度和垂向速度的影响.