Flow Pattern and Pressure Fluctuation of Severe Slugging in Pipeline-riser System

在利用期间近海油和气体，形成严重猛击是容易的哪个能在连接水源的起床人引起大伤害并且近海平台预处理系统。严重猛击的流动模式和压力变化与 0.051 m 的内部直径在一个试验性的模拟系统被学习。严重猛击能被划分成三严重猛击政体，这被发现：我与大压力变化，在起床人的液体和气体的断断续续的流动，和液体阶段的明显的截止在低气体和液体流动评估的政体，以有非周期性的变化和不连续的液体流出和没有煤气的截止的高煤气的流动率的政体 II ，以有退化压力变化处于良好的竟技状态的高液体流动率的政体 III 相对冒泡的马厩或塞子流动。当管道的偏斜角度是 0 时。

Experimental Investigation of Vibration Response of A Free-Hanging Flexible Riser Induced by Internal Gas-Liquid Slug Flow

The vibration response of a free-hanging flexible riser induced by internal gas-liquid slug flow was studied experimentally in a small-diameter tube model based on Froude number criterion. The flow regime in a curved riser model and the response displacements of the riser were simultaneously recorded by high speed cameras. The gas superficial velocity ranges from 0.1 m/s to 0.6 m/s while the liquid superficial velocity from 0.06 m/s to 0.3 m/s.Severe slugging type 3, unstable oscillation flow and relatively stable slug flow were observed in the considered flow rates. Severe slugging type 3 characterized by premature gas penetration occurs at relatively low flow rates. Both the cycle time and slug length become shorter as the gas flow rate increases. The pressure at the riser base undergoes a longer period and larger amplitude of fluctuation as compared with the other two flow regimes. Additionally, severe slugging leads to the most vigorous in-plane vibration. However, the responses in the vertical and horizontal directions are not synchronized. The vertical vibration is dominated by the second mode while the horizontal vibration is dominated by the first mode. Similar to the vortex-induced vibration, three branches are identified as initial branch, build-up branch and descending branch for the response versus the mixture velocity of gas-liquid flow.

Experimental and Computational Investigations on Severe Slugging in A Catenary Riser

Severe slugging can occur in a pipeline-riser system at relatively low liquid and gas flow rates during gas-oil transportation, possibly causing unexpected damage to the production facilities. Experiments with air and water are conducted in a horizontal and downward inclined pipeline followed by a catenary riser in order to investigate the mechanism and characteristics of severe slugging. A theoretical model is introduced to compare with the experiments. The results show that the formation mechanism of severe slugging in a catenary riser is different from that in a vertical riser due to the riser geometry and five flow patterns are obtained and analyzed. A gas-liquid mixture slug stage is observed at the beginning of one cycle of severe slugging, which is seldom noticed in previous studies. Based on both experiments and computations, the time period and variation of pressure amplitude of severe slugging are found closely related to the superficial gas velocity, implying that the gas velocity significantly influences the flow patterns in our experiments. Moreover, good agreements between the experimental data and the numerical results are shown in the stability curve and flow regime map, which can be a possible reference for design in an offshore oil-production system.

Numerical Investigation on Severe Slugging in A Catenary Riser

A mathematical model is presented to study the main characteristics of severe slugging in a downward inclined pipeline followed by a catenary riser. In this model, both simplified transient model and phase distribution model are included so that the flow characteristics of each stage for severe slugging can be accurately reproduced, especially for blowout stage. The results show that the flow features of severe slugging can be simulated by the proposed mathematical model. A good agreement between the experimental data and the numerical results is observed. The model can predict the transient fluctuation of many respects, such as the superficial gas velocity at the bottom of the riser and the average velocity at the outlet of the riser.

Influence of separator control on the characteristics of severe slugging flow

Due to the special structure of offshore multiphase pipes, it is easy for severe slugging to occur in the riser at low gas-liquid velocity. Violent pressure fluctuations and dramatic changes of flow rate are the main characteristics of severe slugging, leading to the risk of serious damage. In this paper, the separator control is adopted to accurately control the separator liquid level and pressure under severe slugging flow conditions. This indicates that the separator liquid level control alone does not have a significant impact on the upstream flow, but it is beneficial for normal operation and pressure control of the separator. As the separator pressure increases, the peak pressure in the riser apparently diminishes, and the amplitude of pressure fluctuation gradually decreases, which means that severe slugging is inhibited. During the slug blowing out, the gas/liquid slipping in the riser intensifies. The long gas plug quickly flows through the riser, and then tends to morph into short and slowly flowing gas bubbles. The elimination effect of the pressure control strategy on severe slugging is related to the relative rate of the superficial gas/liquid flow.

变工况气液段塞流诱导的柔性立管振动响应

柔性立管广泛用于海洋油气输送,因管内气液两相流压力、密度等的时空变化,易激发立管的振动响应。针对水动力段塞流诱导的柔性立管振动响应问题,在气液两相流循环实验系统中开展了水动力段塞流诱导的悬链线型柔性立管模型振动响应测试,采用非介入高速摄像测试方法同步捕捉了柔性立管模型的振动位移与管内气液两相的流动特征。通过改变段塞流混合流速(0.8~3.0 m/s)和气液比(1.0~11.0),剖析了振幅与振频的时空分布、振动模态切换等振动特性与管内液塞长度、运移速度、流动频率间的内在联系。结果表明:柔性立管模型的振动主要由一阶模态主导,振动模态随时间发生切换,即存在时间上的模态切换,根据其特征,辨识了三种模态切换形式,对实验组次进行了分区。不同的模态切换形式与管内的段塞长度、段塞流动频率以及段塞在管内的分布有关。

静态及摇摆条件下弹状流壁面切应力实验研究

壁面剪切力是气液两相流近壁面传递过程的关键参数。基于极限扩散电流方法实验研究了摇摆状态下上升实验段内气液两相弹状流的壁面切应力特性,获得了壁面切应力的径向分布规律和轴向演化规律。实验段的内径为50 mm,高度为2.3 m,摇摆频率为1~2.5 Hz,摇摆幅度为10~30 mm。结果表明,弹状流下Taylor气泡和液塞的间歇性流动导致瞬态壁面切应力具有脉动性特征,静态条件下壁面切应力的径向分布比较均匀,沿流动方向略有增大。随着摇摆幅度和频率的增加,Taylor气泡逐渐变短,瞬态壁面切应力的峰值区域减小。

下倾-立管系统中严重段塞流实验研究

针对严重段塞流的周期特性,通过下倾-立管实验系统进行了实验研究。基于实验数据及管内压力变化情况,分析了严重段塞流周期的变化规律,并与计算模型结果进行了相互验证。结果表明,在不同的下倾管倾斜角度、气相折算速度或液相折算速度等实验参数下,管内的流动状态会发生变化;由于立管高度不变,液塞喷发和液塞回流的时间基本不变,因此严重段塞流周期主要由液塞形成和液塞出流组成,且主要受下倾管倾斜角度、气相折算速度或液相折算速度等参数的影响。

海上气田立管段塞流缓解方法数值模拟研究

立管段塞流是一种严重影响海洋油气安全输送与处理的混输管道常见流型。针对海管气液混输工况下立管段塞流缓解措施展开研究,采用多相流动态数值模拟方法,建立了某深海气田混输管道动态多相流模型,模拟复现了现场严重段塞流现象,并通过参数控制方法计算分析了输量、登平台压力、海管内径等控制条件对段塞流的缓解效果的影响。研究结果表明,输量及内径的调整可有效缓解段塞流,并随着调整范围扩大形成比较明显的立管底部压力拐点区域,其中输量临界区域约47×10^(4)m^(3)/d,内径临界区域101.6~152.4 mm,当接近并跨越该区域时,立管段塞流程度得到有效缓解甚至消除;登平台压力的调整,在该混输工况下无明显立管段塞流减缓效果,为现场生产缓解立管段塞流提供可行的研究思路与操作参考。

弯曲柔性立管段塞流致振动实验研究

随着深海战略的推进,海洋油气开采向深海挺进,越来越多的海洋立管投入使用.因油气输量的变化及海底地形起伏的影响,立管中经常出现气液两相段塞流,段塞流动的周期性变化使立管受到不稳定的流体力作用从而激发振动,造成立管的疲劳损伤.本文在气液两相流循环实验系统中开展了水动力段塞流诱导的悬链线型柔性立管振动响应测试,利用高速摄像非介入测试方法同步捕捉了柔性立管的振动位移与管内的段塞流动细节,研究了气液混合流速和气液比两个流动参数对柔性立管振动响应的影响,分析了振幅与振频的时空分布、管内液塞长度、压力波动的变化规律及它们间的内在联系.发现固定气液比时,随着混合流速的增大,柔性立管的振幅逐渐增大,但振动模态始终由一阶主导.液塞长度随混合流速的增大变化不明显,但压力波动随混合流速的增大愈发剧烈.固定气液混合流速时,随着气液比的增大,立管振幅逐渐增大,气塞和液塞长度也逐渐增大,进出口压差波动加剧,但压差平均值逐渐减小.

严重段塞流中压力波动的理论与试验研究分析

为了探索严重段塞流的特性,在下倾-立管系统中进行了试验研究。通过对其压力曲线进行分析,发现了压力曲线上的特征点与液塞相对于测压点位置之间的对应关系,得出了压力在一个循环周期内不同时间段的表达式,将试验数据与理论分析进行比较发现,二者变化趋势基本一致,但由于实际流动的复杂性,二者之间存在一定的差异。另外,通过对比立管上某一测压点的压力和持液率曲线,指出了这2条曲线上的所谓特征时刻点对应的物理意义的差异。这些结论对进一步探索如何通过试验测量严重段塞流的特征参数以及建立数值模拟模型具有一定的指导意义。

基于CFD的海洋立管系统严重段塞流数值模拟

利用CFD软件Fluent建立二维全尺寸仿真模型,对立管实验装置中的严重段塞流现象进行数值模拟研究。模拟方法中,采用液体体积函数(volume of fluid,VOF)法追踪气液界面;将长距离海底管道等效为箱体,以提高计算效率。模拟出了立管系统中的四种流型:典型严重段塞流(SSI)、严重段塞流II(SSII)、过渡流型(SST)和稳定流动;并对这四种流型的模拟结果进行了实验验证。最后,对典型严重段塞流的瞬态流动特性进行了深入分析。结果表明:采用数值模拟方法计算效率高,可准确模拟严重段塞流现象,为长距离立管系统中严重段塞流研究提供了切实可行的模拟方法。模拟工况下,气液喷发的瞬时质量流量可达入口的2.5倍以上,气液平均流速可达入口的4.5倍以上,其瞬态流动特性的分析对严重段塞流危害的准确评估有重要意义。

深海立管中严重段塞流特性模拟研究

随着油气田开发由陆地走向深海,海洋立管系统得到了充分的应用。由于立管的存在,容易导致严重段塞流的形成,引起剧烈的压力和流量波动,对下游生产设备的操作及管线的运行带来了安全隐患。为了研究海洋立管中的严重段塞流,将严重段塞流水力学模型与相平衡计算模型、温度计算模型相结合,建立了严重段塞流组分模型。研究表明,该严重段塞流组分模型的计算结果给出了合理的流动规律,可用于凝析油气管线中的严重段塞流现象的预测。同时,将计算结果与OLGA模型的模拟结果进行了对比,进一步说明了该模型的实用性,对严重段塞流的预测和控制具有一定的借鉴意义。

S型柔性立管内空气-水两相流流型特征的实验研究

实验研究了S型柔性立管内空气-水两相流流型特征.实验环路由长114 m的水平环道,16 m的-2°下倾管和高15.3 m、长24 m的S型立管组成,环路内径为50 mm.使用立管底部压力、立管出口持液率HL及其概率密度函数(PDF)分布特征识别和区分流型.实验发现了典型严重段塞流、过渡型严重段塞流、稳定流动3类流型.典型严重段塞流下HL曲线呈方波状,相应的PDF分布呈HL分别为0和1的双峰结构;过渡型严重段塞流下HL曲线呈针刺状,其PDF分布也为双峰结构,但HL的低峰远高于HL的高峰;稳定流动下的PDF分布呈HL为0.27左右的单峰状.分析表明,典型和过渡型严重段塞流分别与垂直上升管弹状流和块状流具有相似的PDF分布特征,但彼此的流动形态却完全不同.

海洋立管系统严重段塞流瞬态数值模拟

针对海底油气混输管线中常见的立管系统,采用OLGA多相流瞬态模拟软件,对立管系统中出现的严重段塞流进行了数值模拟。根据实际情况,建立基于双流体模型的物理模型,结合海底管道实际工况,设置相应边界条件,分析了不同流量下的流态流型、压力、持液率等参数随时间的变化特性。研究结果表明,在不同流量产生的严重段塞流下,立管系统中流态流型、压力、持液率等特性参数具有明显的周期性变化规律,流量对严重段塞流的形成及其流动参数影响很大。研究结果对实际生产和管路结构优化具有指导意义,可为复杂流动现象的预测和控制提供一种新的手段。

气液混输管线水动力严重段塞流实验

水动力严重段塞流型相比于一般的地形严重段塞流发生范围更广且危害类似,因此需要在工程设计上给予关注.在水平-下倾-立管组合管线实验装置上,针对入口处不同气液两相流量组合,对该种组合管线系统中气液两相流特性开展了实验研究,获得了水平管和立管内气液两相流型图.实验发现,当水平管内流型处于分层流向段塞流过渡阶段时,可能会出现间歇式的阻塞流,该阻塞流如能进入立管,则立管内会出现类似于严重段塞流的流型,称为水动力严重段塞流.对该流型的演化及气液流动过程进行分析,获得了周期及压力波动与入口气液流量之间的相关关系,以及该流型形成机理及其发生范围.实验结果揭示了水动力严重段塞流的相关机理,为工程设计上的危害预防和缓解方案提供了理论基础.

气液混输悬链线立管系统两相流特性实验

严重段塞流是海洋工程气液混输管线-立管系统中常见的一种特殊有害流动现象,采用水平-下倾-悬链线立管气液混输组合管道系统,通过系列实验在悬链线立管中获得了严重段塞流、间歇流和震荡流等流型,阐述了这些流动现象的形成机理,提出了能够产生严重段塞流的判定准则.结果表明,悬链线立管严重段塞流具有明显周期性,在一个周期内的流动特征可分为液塞形成、液体出流、液气喷发及液体回流等4个阶段,进而给出了各阶段中相关流动参数的变化规律.在实验中同时还对悬链线与垂直立管中严重段塞流形成机理进行了比较分析,发现两者在液塞形成阶段有显著差别.其中,在悬链线立管中液塞形成之前首先需要经历一个气液混合液塞形成过程,而垂直立管则没有这个过程.

气举法控制深水混合立管严重段塞流实验研究

利用深水混合立管系统模拟流动实验装置进行了严重段塞流的注气控制模拟实验,结果表明,在立管底部进行气举法控制可以减小流型图中不稳定流区域,并能明显减小管内压力大小和波动幅度,但过大的注气量会增大柔性管段的摩阻损失,使整个立管系统的压力增大,对流动反而不利。根据实验中管内压力随注气量增大的变化趋势的不同,将混合立管系统的气举控制过程分为4个阶段,不同控制阶段垂直立管内流型有所不同;注气控制不能完全消除深水混合立管系统中的不稳定流,但将垂直立管流型控制在段塞流与过渡流分界处时可达到较好的控制效果。

上升管系统中严重段塞流的液塞速度特性

During the exploitation of offshore oil,it is easy to form severe slugging in the riser system at a low gas-liquid velocity.The magnitude of the pressure fluctuation can be significantly high,causing dramatic change of flow rate and leading to other damages.In this paper,the characteristics of slug velocity during the four stages of severe slugging in the pipeline-riser system were studied.It was found that the slug head rose in the riser at a constant velocity in the slug formation stage.At the same time,the direction of slug tail movement was opposite to the flow direction,and the tail velocity kept constant when flowing through the inclined pipe.In the process of blowout,the liquid velocity in the pipeline-riser system increased and reached a maximum value when the slug tail reached the top of the pipeline-riser.At this moment,the instantaneous flow rate was much larger than that in the slug production stage.

下倾管-立管水气严重段塞流数值模拟

针对海洋油气传输中常见的下倾管-立管系统,采用Brackbill模型模拟气液相界面间表面张力,VOF方法追踪气液两相运动界面,提出了管内气液两相流数值模拟方法.在低气液相进口折算速度下,数值模拟了该种管型下的严重段塞流动现象,分析了相关物理参数的变化特性.结果表明,在严重段塞流下,管内流型流态、压力、液塞运动速度、立管出口气液相平均速度、下倾管及立管内含气率等均具有明显周期性特征,而且一个周期内严重段塞流可分为4个阶段,进而给出了各阶段中相关参数的变化特性.数值模拟结果与相关文献中的实验结果吻合良好,表明了该数值模拟方法的有效性.