Landslide hazard and risk assessment on the northern slope of Mt. Changbai, a well-known tourist attraction near the North Korean-Chinese border, are assessed. This study is divided into two parts, namely, landslide h...Landslide hazard and risk assessment on the northern slope of Mt. Changbai, a well-known tourist attraction near the North Korean-Chinese border, are assessed. This study is divided into two parts, namely, landslide hazard zonation and risk assessment. The 1992 Anbalagan and Singh method of landslide hazard zonation （LHZ） was modified and used in this area. In this way, an Associative Analysis Method was used in representative areas to get a measure for controlling factors （slope gradient, relative relief, vegetation, geology, discontinuity development, weak layer thickness and ground water）. For the membership degree of factor to slope failure, the middle range of limited values was used to calculate LHZ. Based on an estimation of the potential damage from slope failure, a reasonable risk assessment map was obtained using the relationship of potential damage and probable hazard to aid future planning and prediction and to avert loss of life.展开更多
This paper attempts to evaluate the coordinated development state of the subsystems within the internet financial ecosystem in China from 2011 to 2016.Focusing on the main business modes,technological innovation,and t...This paper attempts to evaluate the coordinated development state of the subsystems within the internet financial ecosystem in China from 2011 to 2016.Focusing on the main business modes,technological innovation,and the external environment,we select 29 indicators to construct an index system and adopt a coupling coordination degree model for evaluation.Furthermore,we use two weight calculation methods,entropy weight and principal component analysis,to ensure the robustness of the results.The empirical results show that China’s internet financial ecosystem experienced five development stages from 2011 to 2016,which are moderate disorder,near disorder,weak coordination,intermediate coordination,and good coordination.Different methods of obtaining weights have little effect on the empirical results.These findings suggest that at the beginning,the coordinated development of China’s internet financial ecosystem was hindered by factors including the scarcity of main business modes and the defect of technological innovation;then,with the rapid development of China’s internet industry,the external environment became another drawback in coordinated development.Finally,based on the findings,we give some policy recommendations from a global perspective to achieve a sustainable internet financial ecosystem.展开更多
Based on the fundamental principles of total amount control of water use, the harmony theory was used in this study to develop a concept of the degree of harmony of total amount control of water use. Based on this con...Based on the fundamental principles of total amount control of water use, the harmony theory was used in this study to develop a concept of the degree of harmony of total amount control of water use. Based on this concept, the harmoniousness of total amount control of water use was analyzed in terms of the supply and demand of water resources, water resources management, water use benefits, and water-saving level. An evaluation index system of the degree of harmony of total amount control of water use was established, and a method for calculation of the degree of harmony of total amount control of water use was developed based on the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and fuzzy comprehensive analysis （FCA） methods. The new evaluation index system was applied to a certain area in Jiangsu Province, China. The degree of harmony of total amount control of water use over this area was calculated for different years. Results indicate that the evaluation index system and calculation method proposed in this study are feasible, and such a harmoniousness analysis can provide scientific references for the strict water resources management system that will be implemented in China in the near future.展开更多
The main characteristic of the water resources system(WRS)is its great complexity and uncertainty,which makes it highly desirable to carry out a risk analysis of the WRS.The natural environmental,social economic condi...The main characteristic of the water resources system(WRS)is its great complexity and uncertainty,which makes it highly desirable to carry out a risk analysis of the WRS.The natural environmental,social economic conditions as well as limitations of human cognitive ability are possible sources of the uncertainties that need to be taken into account in the risk analysis process.In this paper the inherent stochastic uncertainty and cognitive subjective uncertainty of the WRS are discussed first,from both objective and subjective perspectives.Then the quantitative characterization methods of risk analysis are introduced,including three criteria(reliability,resiliency and vulnerability)and five basic optimization models(the expected risk value model,conditional value at risk model,chance-constrained risk model,minimizing probability of risk events model,and the multi-objective optimization model).Finally,this paper focuses on the various methods of risk analysis under uncertainty,which are summarized as random,fuzzy and mixed methods.A more comprehensive risk analysis methodology for the WRS is proposed based on the comparison of the advantages,disadvantages and applicable conditions of these three methods.This paper provides a decision support of risk analysis for researchers,policy makers and stakeholders of the WRS.展开更多
文摘Landslide hazard and risk assessment on the northern slope of Mt. Changbai, a well-known tourist attraction near the North Korean-Chinese border, are assessed. This study is divided into two parts, namely, landslide hazard zonation and risk assessment. The 1992 Anbalagan and Singh method of landslide hazard zonation （LHZ） was modified and used in this area. In this way, an Associative Analysis Method was used in representative areas to get a measure for controlling factors （slope gradient, relative relief, vegetation, geology, discontinuity development, weak layer thickness and ground water）. For the membership degree of factor to slope failure, the middle range of limited values was used to calculate LHZ. Based on an estimation of the potential damage from slope failure, a reasonable risk assessment map was obtained using the relationship of potential damage and probable hazard to aid future planning and prediction and to avert loss of life.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71631005,71871062)the Humanities and Social Science Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(16YJA630078).
文摘This paper attempts to evaluate the coordinated development state of the subsystems within the internet financial ecosystem in China from 2011 to 2016.Focusing on the main business modes,technological innovation,and the external environment,we select 29 indicators to construct an index system and adopt a coupling coordination degree model for evaluation.Furthermore,we use two weight calculation methods,entropy weight and principal component analysis,to ensure the robustness of the results.The empirical results show that China’s internet financial ecosystem experienced five development stages from 2011 to 2016,which are moderate disorder,near disorder,weak coordination,intermediate coordination,and good coordination.Different methods of obtaining weights have little effect on the empirical results.These findings suggest that at the beginning,the coordinated development of China’s internet financial ecosystem was hindered by factors including the scarcity of main business modes and the defect of technological innovation;then,with the rapid development of China’s internet industry,the external environment became another drawback in coordinated development.Finally,based on the findings,we give some policy recommendations from a global perspective to achieve a sustainable internet financial ecosystem.
文摘Based on the fundamental principles of total amount control of water use, the harmony theory was used in this study to develop a concept of the degree of harmony of total amount control of water use. Based on this concept, the harmoniousness of total amount control of water use was analyzed in terms of the supply and demand of water resources, water resources management, water use benefits, and water-saving level. An evaluation index system of the degree of harmony of total amount control of water use was established, and a method for calculation of the degree of harmony of total amount control of water use was developed based on the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and fuzzy comprehensive analysis （FCA） methods. The new evaluation index system was applied to a certain area in Jiangsu Province, China. The degree of harmony of total amount control of water use over this area was calculated for different years. Results indicate that the evaluation index system and calculation method proposed in this study are feasible, and such a harmoniousness analysis can provide scientific references for the strict water resources management system that will be implemented in China in the near future.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41271536,51439006,and 91425302).
文摘The main characteristic of the water resources system(WRS)is its great complexity and uncertainty,which makes it highly desirable to carry out a risk analysis of the WRS.The natural environmental,social economic conditions as well as limitations of human cognitive ability are possible sources of the uncertainties that need to be taken into account in the risk analysis process.In this paper the inherent stochastic uncertainty and cognitive subjective uncertainty of the WRS are discussed first,from both objective and subjective perspectives.Then the quantitative characterization methods of risk analysis are introduced,including three criteria(reliability,resiliency and vulnerability)and five basic optimization models(the expected risk value model,conditional value at risk model,chance-constrained risk model,minimizing probability of risk events model,and the multi-objective optimization model).Finally,this paper focuses on the various methods of risk analysis under uncertainty,which are summarized as random,fuzzy and mixed methods.A more comprehensive risk analysis methodology for the WRS is proposed based on the comparison of the advantages,disadvantages and applicable conditions of these three methods.This paper provides a decision support of risk analysis for researchers,policy makers and stakeholders of the WRS.
