Domestic coal stove is widely used in China, especially for countryside during heating period of winter, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are important in flue gas of the stove. By using dilution tunnel s...Domestic coal stove is widely used in China, especially for countryside during heating period of winter, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are important in flue gas of the stove. By using dilution tunnel system, samples of both gaseous and particulate phases from domestic coal combustion were collected and 18 PAH species were analyzed by GC-MS. The average emission factors of total 18 PAH species was 171.73 mg/kg, ranging from 140.75 to 229.11 mg/kg for bituminous coals, while was 93.98 mg/kg, ranging from 58.48 to 129.47 mg/kg for anthracite coals. PAHs in gaseous phases occupied 95% of the total of PAHs emission of coal combustion. In particulate phase, 3-ring and 4- ring PAHs were the main components, accounting for 80% of the total particulate PAHs. The total toxicity potency evaluated by benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent carcinogenic power, sum of 7 carcinogenic PAH components and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin had a similar tendency. And as a result, the toxic potential of bituminous coal was higher than that of anthracite coal. Efficient emission control should be conducted to reduce PAH emissions in order to protect ecosystem and human health.展开更多
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） are carcinogenic or mutagenic and are important toxic pollutants in the flue gas of boilers. Two industrial grade biomass boilers were selected to investigate the characteristi...Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） are carcinogenic or mutagenic and are important toxic pollutants in the flue gas of boilers. Two industrial grade biomass boilers were selected to investigate the characteristics of particulate-bound PAHs： one biomass boiler retro-fitted from an oil boiler（BB1） and one specially designed（BB2） biomass boiler. One coal-fired boiler was also selected for comparison. By using a dilution tunnel system, particulate samples from boilers were collected and 10 PAH species were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry（GC–MS）. The total emission factors（EFs） of PAHs ranged from 0.0064 to0.0380 mg/kg, with an average of 0.0225 mg/kg, for the biomass boiler emission samples. The total PAH EFs for the tested coal-fired boiler were 1.8 times lower than the average value of the biomass boilers. The PAH diagnostic ratios for wood pellets and straw pellets were similar.The ratio of indeno（1,2,3-cd）pyrene/[indeno（1,2,3-cd）pyrene ＋ benzo（g,h,i）perylene] for the two biomass boilers was lower than those of the reference data for other burning devices, which can probably be used as an indicator to distinguish the emission of biomass boilers from that of industrial coal-fired boilers and residential stoves. The toxic potential of the emission from wood pellet burning was higher than that from straw pellet burning, however both of them were much lower than residential stove exhausts.展开更多
Objective:To preliminarily explore the potential effect ofβ-glucan on Chinese medicine(CM)concept protective qi deficiency(PQD),and the methodology for future definitive studies.Methods:To have a standardized assessm...Objective:To preliminarily explore the potential effect ofβ-glucan on Chinese medicine(CM)concept protective qi deficiency(PQD),and the methodology for future definitive studies.Methods:To have a standardized assessment of PQD,a list of 13 potentially PQD-relevant parameters were firstly created,each with defined quantitative or categorial scales.Using the data from 37 participants with(21 cases)or without(16 cases)PQD,multivariate logistic modeling was conducted to create a preliminary diagnostic PQD risk score.Subsequently,21 participants diagnosed with PQD were treated withβ-glucan in a dose of 200 mg/day for 8 weeks.Data were collected for trial acceptability measures(rate of recruitment,withdrawal,and compliance),and the participants were assessed for PQD status at baseline and every 2 weeks thereafter.Results:The preliminary logistic model consisted of 3 parameters(low voice and apathy,aversion to wind and cold,and Cun pulse).The resulting risk score demonstrated a degree of PQD-predicting accuracy that,as evaluated by statistical(discrimination and classification)methods,was higher than those obtained from any of the individual candidate parameters.The 21 PQD participants treated withβ-glucan demonstrated good receptibility and a time-dependent improvement in PQD status as evidenced by the decrease of PQD participant to 9.5%at the end of study.Conclusions:This study demonstrated the effect of proof-of-concept ofβ-glucan on improving PQD and the proof-of-concept of a multivariate-model-derived diagnostic PQD risk score.It also indicated feasibility for future definitive studies.Studies like this embody an innovative approach that uses therapies derived from the mainstream biomedicine to enrich therapeutics guided by CM principle.(Trial registration No.NCT03829228).展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41275135,41105090)the National High Technology Research and Development Program(863)of China(No.2012AA063506)the Open Foundation of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Laboratories(Peking University)
文摘Domestic coal stove is widely used in China, especially for countryside during heating period of winter, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are important in flue gas of the stove. By using dilution tunnel system, samples of both gaseous and particulate phases from domestic coal combustion were collected and 18 PAH species were analyzed by GC-MS. The average emission factors of total 18 PAH species was 171.73 mg/kg, ranging from 140.75 to 229.11 mg/kg for bituminous coals, while was 93.98 mg/kg, ranging from 58.48 to 129.47 mg/kg for anthracite coals. PAHs in gaseous phases occupied 95% of the total of PAHs emission of coal combustion. In particulate phase, 3-ring and 4- ring PAHs were the main components, accounting for 80% of the total particulate PAHs. The total toxicity potency evaluated by benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent carcinogenic power, sum of 7 carcinogenic PAH components and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin had a similar tendency. And as a result, the toxic potential of bituminous coal was higher than that of anthracite coal. Efficient emission control should be conducted to reduce PAH emissions in order to protect ecosystem and human health.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.41105090,41275135)the International S&T Cooperation Program of China (No.2012DFG90290)+1 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863) of China (No.2012AA063506)China Ministry of Environmental Protection's Special Funds for Scientific Research on Public Welfare (No.20130916)
文摘Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） are carcinogenic or mutagenic and are important toxic pollutants in the flue gas of boilers. Two industrial grade biomass boilers were selected to investigate the characteristics of particulate-bound PAHs： one biomass boiler retro-fitted from an oil boiler（BB1） and one specially designed（BB2） biomass boiler. One coal-fired boiler was also selected for comparison. By using a dilution tunnel system, particulate samples from boilers were collected and 10 PAH species were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry（GC–MS）. The total emission factors（EFs） of PAHs ranged from 0.0064 to0.0380 mg/kg, with an average of 0.0225 mg/kg, for the biomass boiler emission samples. The total PAH EFs for the tested coal-fired boiler were 1.8 times lower than the average value of the biomass boilers. The PAH diagnostic ratios for wood pellets and straw pellets were similar.The ratio of indeno（1,2,3-cd）pyrene/[indeno（1,2,3-cd）pyrene ＋ benzo（g,h,i）perylene] for the two biomass boilers was lower than those of the reference data for other burning devices, which can probably be used as an indicator to distinguish the emission of biomass boilers from that of industrial coal-fired boilers and residential stoves. The toxic potential of the emission from wood pellet burning was higher than that from straw pellet burning, however both of them were much lower than residential stove exhausts.
基金Supported by USANA Health Science Inc.,the manufacturer of Proglucamune■。
文摘Objective:To preliminarily explore the potential effect ofβ-glucan on Chinese medicine(CM)concept protective qi deficiency(PQD),and the methodology for future definitive studies.Methods:To have a standardized assessment of PQD,a list of 13 potentially PQD-relevant parameters were firstly created,each with defined quantitative or categorial scales.Using the data from 37 participants with(21 cases)or without(16 cases)PQD,multivariate logistic modeling was conducted to create a preliminary diagnostic PQD risk score.Subsequently,21 participants diagnosed with PQD were treated withβ-glucan in a dose of 200 mg/day for 8 weeks.Data were collected for trial acceptability measures(rate of recruitment,withdrawal,and compliance),and the participants were assessed for PQD status at baseline and every 2 weeks thereafter.Results:The preliminary logistic model consisted of 3 parameters(low voice and apathy,aversion to wind and cold,and Cun pulse).The resulting risk score demonstrated a degree of PQD-predicting accuracy that,as evaluated by statistical(discrimination and classification)methods,was higher than those obtained from any of the individual candidate parameters.The 21 PQD participants treated withβ-glucan demonstrated good receptibility and a time-dependent improvement in PQD status as evidenced by the decrease of PQD participant to 9.5%at the end of study.Conclusions:This study demonstrated the effect of proof-of-concept ofβ-glucan on improving PQD and the proof-of-concept of a multivariate-model-derived diagnostic PQD risk score.It also indicated feasibility for future definitive studies.Studies like this embody an innovative approach that uses therapies derived from the mainstream biomedicine to enrich therapeutics guided by CM principle.(Trial registration No.NCT03829228).
