Alanine aminotransferase as a risk marker for new-onset metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Chen et al.Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a global public health burden whose incidence has risen concurrently with overweight and obesity.Given its detri-mental health impact,early identification of at-risk individuals is crucial.MAFLD diagnosis is based on evidence of hepatic steatosis indicated by liver biopsy,imaging,or blood biomarkers,and one of the following conditions:Overweight/obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus,or metabolic dysregulation.However,in large-scale epidemiological studies,liver biopsies are not feasible.The application of techniques such as ultrasonography,computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and magnetic resonance spectroscopy is restricted by their limited sensitivity,low effectiveness,high costs,and need for specialized software.Blood biomarkers offer several advantages,particularly in large-scale epidemiological studies or clinical scenarios where traditional imaging techniques are impractical.Analysis of cumulative effects of excess high-normal blood alanine aminotrans-ferase(ALT)levels of blood ALT levels could facilitate identification of at-risk patients who might not be detected through conventional imaging methods.Accordingly,investigating the utility of blood biomarkers in MAFLD should enhance early detection and monitoring,enabling timely inter-vention and management and improving patient outcomes.

Using Individual, ApoE Genotype-Based Dietary and Physical Activity Advice to Promote Healthy Lifestyles in Finland—Impacts on Cardiovascular Risk Markers

Aim: There is increasing demand for individualized health advice. The aim of this study was to assess the effects on cardiovascular risk markers of receiving personal genetic health information, using apoE genotypes as a tool for promoting lifestyle changes. ApoE was chosen because it had a significant impact on lipid metabolism and cholesterol absorption, all factors for CVD. Methods: This study was a one-year explanatory intervention study for healthy adults, aged between 20 - 67 years old (n = 106). Their clinical markers (serum lipids, blood glucose, blood pressure, Body Mass Index, body fat percentage and waist circumference) were measured three times during the intervention. The clinical effects were assessed for three groups: a high risk group (ε 4+, n = 16);a low-risk group (&#949?4-, n = 35);and a control group (n = 55). Results: The triglyceride values and waist circumference lowered more in &#949?4+ compared with the control group (p < 0.05;alpha value 0.005) during the intervention. Conclusion: The personal genetic information, based on apoE, may have positive effects on cardiovascular risk markers (e.g., improvement in triglyceride values). The individual health information, based on genotyping could be a potential option in the prevention of CVD. More research is required on how to utilize genotype-based health information in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases.

Pregnancy risk markers in Tourette syndrome: A systematic review

The published literature on the prevalence of pregnancy risk markers in patients with Tourette Syndrome (TS) was reviewed. PubMed was searched for papers describing studies of pregnancy risk markers in TS. All years and languages were searched, and the reference sections of each paper were also reviewed for additional citations. We identified 20 studies reporting on pregnancy risk markers in 1588 subjects with TS. Six studies used comparison populations and two utilized twins for comparisons. Three risk markers (decreased birth weight, father’s age, and number of prior terminations of pregnancy) were identified as possible risk markers for TS. To date, no pregnancy risk marker has been demonstrated to increase risk for development of TS, to increase syndromal severity, rates of comorbidity, or to increase duration of TS.

Anthropometric Markers as a Paradigm for Obesity Risk Assessment

Background: Quantification of obesity/adiposity is feasible with different anthropometric characteristics along with the bioelectrical impedance analysis techniques. Recent advancements are now witnessing development of further computations derived from previously established measures to gauge obesity. Objective: Main aim of our study was to evaluate the association of anthropometric determinants of obesity with body compositional adiposity variables, and thus identifying the best marker among them emerging out as the probable predictor for compositional adiposity. Participants and Setting: 550 female participants within the age of 18 to 23 years were enrolled under this study attending graduation course at University of Delhi. Ethical clearance was received from the institutional head. Informed written consent was taken from every participant. Design: All the body measurements were recorded by trained staff using standard techniques. Derived measurements were calculated further. Analysis: Data, hence, gathered was undertaken for descriptive and infer-ential statistical analysis with SPSS 20.0. Variables Measured and Results: WHR over-estimated the count for those at risk compared to waist circumference and WHtR. Skeletal muscle fat associated negatively with all anthropometric adiposity indicators. BMI, BAI, WHtR and waist circumference related closely with all body composition cum obesity markers compared to WHR, CI and ABSI. BAI overrated the risk for fat determining body composition parameters the most followed by BMI. ABSI revealed an underestimated risk for augmenting fat content in body, compared to other markers. Conclusion and Implications: It is difficult to establish with compliance as to which of the measures used in the study could better predict the perils of obesity but it could be ascertained that some of the newly verified anthropometric adiposity indicators could be administered for determining clinical situations after further validation.

A prognosis model for predicting immunotherapy response of esophageal cancer based on oxidative stress-related signatures

Oxidative stress(OS)is intimately associated with tumorigenesis and has been considered a potential therapeutic strategy.However,the OS-associated therapeutic target for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)remains unconfirmed.In our study,gene expression data of ESCC and clinical information from public databases were downloaded.Through LASSO-Cox regression analysis,a risk score(RS)signature map of prognosis was constructed and performed external verification with the GSE53625 cohort.The ESTIMATE,xCell,CIBERSORT,TIMER,and ImmuCellAI algorithms were employed to analyze infiltrating immune cells and generate an immune microenvironment(IM).Afterward,functional enrichment analysis clarified the underlying mechanism of the model.Nomogram was utilized for forecasting the survival rate of individual ESCC cases.As a result,we successfully constructed an OS-related genes(OSRGs)model and found that the survival rate of high-risk groups was lower than that of low-risk groups.The AUC of the ROC verified the strong prediction performance of the signal in these two cohorts further.According to independent prognostic analysis,the RS was identified as an independent risk factor for ESCC.The nomogram and follow-up data revealed that the RS possesses favorable predictive value for the prognosis of ESCC patients.qRT-PCR detection demonstrated increased expression of MPC1,COX6C,CYB5R3,CASP7,and CYCS in esophageal cancer patients.In conclusion,we have constructed an OSRGs model for ESCC to predict patients’prognosis,offering a novel insight into the potential application of the OSRGs model in ESCC.

骨密度测量仪评估老年人骨密度与参数的关系

目的:探讨骨密度测量仪评估老年人群骨密度与相关参数的关系。方法:选取2019年3月~2021年3月收治的老年髋部骨折患者100例作为骨折组,老年体检者100例作为对照组。探讨骨密度测量仪评估老年人群骨密度与相关参数的关系。结果:骨折组患者在颈骨颈、股骨转子间、腰椎、Ward’s区及腰椎部位的骨密度、FNCT及FNCT/FNW均低于对照组,FMCW值高于对照组,骨质疏松组腰椎BMD与25-(OH)D3呈正相关,与Total-P1NP、β-CTX、N-MID等骨代谢志物呈负相关。结论:通过监测骨代谢指标水平有利于辅助临床早期诊断骨质疏松症。

高危人群低剂量CT与肿瘤标志物联合检查早期肺癌的效能研究

目的探讨低剂量螺旋CT(low dose spiral computed tomography,LDCT)扫描联合细胞角质蛋白片段21-1(CYFRA21-1)、鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原(SCC)、神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、胃泌素释放肽前体(GRP)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原125(CA125)等6种肺癌肿瘤标志物(tumor Markers,TM)检测对高危人群早期肺癌筛查的效能。方法统计分析2015年-2019年间在本院进行LDCT检查且有病理结果的受试者以及CT结果阴性受试者相关数据,对比分析CT、血清TM的水平以及CT征象及血清TM联合检测对肺癌的诊断价值。结果CT检出肺癌的敏感性为81.48%,特异度为50.00%;TM检出肺癌的敏感性为66.67%,特异度为66.67%;CT联合TM对肺癌的灵敏度为62.96%,漏诊率37.04%,特异度为100.00%。肺癌组患者TM明显高于LDCT结果阴性受试者组,而CT结果阴性受试者的TM检测结果均为阴性,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),结论LDCT敏感性较高,特异度低,肿瘤标志物特异度高,LDCT与TM检测较高合理组合应用,可以优势互补,减少LDCT的假阳性率,对早期肺癌的筛查具有较大价值,可作为辅助筛查手段。而对CT结果阴性者不建议常规做TM检测。

基于常规检验学指标构建胃部疾病患者恶性风险评估模型

目的利用肿瘤标志物、血常规、凝血等常规检验学指标构建预测胃部疾病患者良恶性判断的风险预测模型并进行预测价值验证。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2023年1月就诊于广州医科大学附属第一医院的胃部疾病患者的病历资料,根据病理结果分为胃癌组(134例)和非萎缩性胃炎组(298例),收集两组患者的血清及全血检测等常规检验学指标数据,利用R 4.2.3软件进行统计分析,构建胃癌风险列线图预测模型并进行验证。结果采用Logistic回归分析构建了包含D-二聚体(DD)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原72-4(CA72-4)、血红蛋白(Hb)4个检验学指标的风险预测模型,并绘制可视化列线图作为最终预测模型。该模型在训练集和测试集的ROC曲线下面积(AUC^(ROC))分别为0.809(95%CI:0.754~0.864)和0.808(95%CI:0.724~0.892),敏感性和特异性分别为58.5%和93.3%,提示该模型具有良好的预测能力。结论通过常规检验学指标建立了胃部疾病患者恶性风险预测模型,该模型准确性良好,可有效预估胃部疾病转化为胃癌的风险,有助于临床尽早发现早期胃癌患者并采取针对性的预防和干预措施。

炎症标志物与T1期乳腺癌预后因素分析及预测模型构建

目的探讨影响T1期乳腺癌预后的炎症标志物及相关临床因素并构建预测模型。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2023年7月就诊于川北医学院附属医院333例T1期乳腺癌患者,依据患者是否出现疾病复发,分为复发组(41例),未复发组(292例),并收集术前1周患者外周血白细胞、血小板、中性粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞,并计算中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、衍生中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比值(DNLR)、血小板淋巴细胞比率值(PLR)和淋巴细胞单核细胞比值(LMR)。分析这些炎症标志物和患者的临床病理变量与无病生存期(DFS)的关系,并开发了一种用于预测T1期乳腺癌复发的列线图。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价模型的临床获益率,利用一致性指数(C-index)评价模型区分度、通过校准曲线评价模型校准能力、通过DCA决策曲线和临床影响曲线评估模型决策能力和临床应用价值。结果333例T1期乳腺癌患者复发41例(12.3%)。单因素分析显示PLR(OR 2.88,95%CI 1.24~6.68,P=0.01);NLR(OR 0.47,95%CI 0.20~1.12,P=0.09),LMR(OR 0.40,95%CI 0.19~0.84,P=0.01),DNLR(OR 0.46,95%CI 0.19~1.08,P=0.07)差异有统计学意义。多因素分析显示只有PLR(OR 2.52,95%CI 1.01~6.31,P<0.05)仍被确定为预后的独立预测因素。因此我们提出的包含PLR的诺模图对预测T1期乳腺癌复发具有较好的预测精度,列线图AUC 0.738,95%CI 0.654~0.821,模型与校准预测曲线贴合良好。结论包含PLR的列线图可以准确地预测T1期乳腺癌患者的个体化复发概率,可供临床参考。

生物标志物用于压力性损伤风险预测研究进展

综述生物标志物的概念、种类,以及血生化指标、炎症标志物、表皮下水分3类生物标志物在压力性损伤风险预测中的应用研究,提出生物标志物用于压力性损伤风险预测的优势、不足及启示。旨在为医护人员早期识别压力性损伤风险、开展精准干预提供参考。

贫血合并癌症患者的血液学变化及危险因素分析

目的探究贫血合并癌症患者的血液学变化及危险因素。方法回顾性分析商丘市第三人民医院2022年1月—2023年12月收治的78例贫血且疑似肿瘤患者的临床资料,依据手术病理结果,将患者分为癌症组、非癌症组。对比癌症组与非癌症组患者的血常规指标、生化指标、肿瘤标记物。运用多因素logistic回归模型分析,确定各指标在对癌症的预测价值。结果78例患者中,癌症组24例(30.77%),非癌症组54例(69.23%)。癌症组患者中,消化道肿瘤17例(70.83%)。癌症组与非癌症组患者的血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)、中性粒细胞比率(NEU)、白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞绝对值(ANC)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。癌症组与非癌症组患者的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、白蛋白(ALB)、总蛋白(TP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、D-二聚体比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。癌症组与非癌症组患者糖类抗原125(CA125)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原724(CA724)、糖类抗原199(CA199)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析,可见Hb、ALB、LDH、D-二聚体、CEA是贫血并癌症的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论与贫血非癌症患者相比,贫血并癌症患者的血常规指标、生化指标、肿瘤标记物异常。Hb、ALB、LDH、D-二聚体、CEA是贫血并癌症的独立危险因素。

基于队列研究的胃肠上皮化生非幽门螺杆菌危险因素及血清学筛查研究进展

胃肠上皮化生(GIM)作为重要的胃癌癌前病变,研究其危险因素及筛查方法对于胃癌的早期预防和干预意义重大。幽门螺杆菌(Hp)被认为是诱发GIM的第一大原因,此外,越来越多的非Hp因素引起研究者们的关注,且不断有新的影响因素被发现,但目前诱发GIM的危险因素及发病机制尚缺乏统一定论。近年用于诊断GIM的血清学生物标志物不断被探索发现,但更多便于社区推广的、低成本的、高灵敏度和高特异度的标志物或检测手段仍有待开发。因此,未来深入了解GIM的血清学标志物,将为探索GIM的非创伤性筛查策略提供可参考的方法,以便为胃癌的早期诊断和治疗提供理论依据。

肺癌合并肺部感染的相关危险因素分析

目的探讨肺癌患者合并肺部感染的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析2020年8月至2022年9月西南医科大学附属医院收治的124例肺癌患者的临床资料,根据是否发生肺部感染分为感染组64例和未感染组60例。比较两组患者的临床资料以及白细胞数(WBC)、中性粒细胞数(NEU)、淋巴细胞数(LYM)、白介素4(IL-4)、白介素6(IL-6)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白蛋白(ALB)及血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)水平,应用多因素Logistic回归分析肺癌合并肺部感染的危险因素,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各指标对肺癌患者肺部感染的预测价值。结果两组患者的年龄、性别、高血压、糖尿病、是否吸烟、病理类型、TNM分期资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。感染组患者合并呼吸系统疾病的患病率为40.63%,明显高于未感染组的21.67%;IL-4、IL-6、WBC、NEU、PCT及hs-CRP、SAA水平分别为(3.09±1.73)ng/L、(118.63±375.46)ng/L、(8.39±3.19)×10^(9)/L、(6.21±2.89)×10^(9)/L、(0.40±1.40)ng/m L、(35.13±45.46)mg/L、(123.41±122.03)mg/L,明显高于未感染组的(2.33±1.28)ng/L、(19.47±44.28)ng/L、(6.73±1.91)×10^(9)/L、(4.82±1.63)×10^(9)/L、(0.07±0.11)ng/m L、(8.16±20.49)mg/L、(23.22±63.57)mg/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而ALB水平为(38.58±6.72)g/L,明显低于未感染组的(41.04±4.47)g/L,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,IL-4>3.44 ng/L、WBC>8.575×10^(9)/L、SAA>17.96 mg/L均为肺癌合并肺部感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析结果显示,IL-4、WBC、SAA单独预测肺癌合并肺部感染中ROC曲线下面积分别为0.629、0.649、0.803,三者联合预测肺癌合并肺部感染中ROC曲线下面积为0.821。结论肺癌患者IL-4、WBC、SAA水平升高,均为肺部感染发生的重要因素,联合检测三者水平有助于预测肺癌患者肺部感染的发生。

肺部超声B线积分及新型炎症标志物对糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析患者心血管事件风险模型的构建及验证

目的构建并验证肺部超声B线积分(LUBS)及新型炎症标志物[单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(MHR)、系统免疫炎症指数(SII)、C反应蛋白/白蛋白比值(CAR)]预测糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析(DN-MHD)患者心血管事件的发生风险模型。方法选取北京市普仁医院2018年10月至2022年10月收治的122例DN-MHD患者,按照7∶3的比例分为训练集(86例)和验证集(36例)。将发生心血管事件的患者纳入发生组,分析DN-MHD患者心血管事件发生的影响因素,以此构建列线图预测模型并进行验证;受试者工作特征曲线评估列线图预测模型对DN-MHD患者心血管事件发生的预测效能;预测模型临床效益使用决策曲线分析。结果训练集33例患者发生心血管事件、验证集13例发生心血管事件。训练集与验证集临床一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。发生组与未发生组透析龄、透析中低血压、LUBS、MHR、SII、CAR比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LUBS(OR=5.693)、MHR(OR=3.241)、SII(OR=4.877)、CAR(OR=4.052)是DN-MHD患者心血管事件发生的影响因素(P<0.05)。列线图预测模型区分度良好;校准曲线与理想曲线拟合度较好。训练集中列线图预测模型预测DN-MHD患者心血管事件发生的灵敏度为88.60%、特异度为90.20%,曲线下面积为0.883;验证集中列线图预测模型预测DN-MHD患者心血管事件发生的灵敏度为87.50%、特异度为89.10%,曲线下面积为0.874。列线图预测模型在阈值概率为0.00~0.23时可获得最大临床效益。结论基于LUBS、MHR、SII、CAR建立的列线图预测模型可较好地评估DN-MHD患者心血管事件的发生风险。

Diabetic foot syndrome:Immune-inflammatory features as possible cardiovascular markers in diabetes

Diabetic foot ulcerations have been extensively reported as vascular complications of diabetes mellitus associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality. Diabetic foot syndrome(DFS), as defined by the World Health Organization, is an "ulceration of the foot(distally from the ankle and including the ankle) associated with neuropathy and different grades of ischemia and infection". Pathogenic events able to cause diabetic foot ulcers are multifactorial.Among the commonest causes of this pathogenic pathway it's possible to consider peripheral neuropathy, foot deformity, abnormal foot pressures, abnormal joint mobility, trauma, peripheral artery disease. Several studies reported how diabetic patients show a higher mortality rate compared to patients without diabetes and in particular these studies under filled how cardiovascular mortality and morbidity is 2-4 times higher among patients affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus. This higher degree of cardiovascular morbidity has been explained as due to the observed higher prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factor, of asymptomatic findings of cardiovascular diseases, and of prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in diabetic patients with foot complications. In diabetes a fundamental pathogenic pathway of most of vascular complications has been reported as linked to a complex interplay of inflammatory, metabolic and procoagulant variables. These pathogenetic aspects have a direct interplay with an insulin resistance, subsequent obesity, diabetes, hypertension, prothrombotic state and blood lipid disorder. Involvement of inflammatory markers such as IL-6 plasma levels and resistin in diabetic subjects as reported by Tuttolomondo et al confirmed the pathogenetic issue of the a "adipo-vascular" axis that may contribute to cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. This "adipo-vascular axis" in patients with type 2 diabetes has been reported as characterized by lower plasma levels of adiponectin and higher plasma levels of interleukin-6 thus linking foot ulcers pathogenesis to microvascular and inflammatory events. The purpose of this review is to highlight the immune inflammatory features of DFS and its possible role as a marker of cardiovascular risk in diabetes patients and to focus the management of major complications related to diabetes such as infections and peripheral arteriopathy.

中老年人群骨折风险与骨密度、骨代谢指标的相关性研究

目的应用FRAX骨折风险评估工具评估南昌市中老年人群发生骨质疏松性骨折的风险,比较男性与女性的骨折风险差异,分析骨折风险与骨密度、骨代谢生化指标的相关性。方法于2018年6月在南昌市西湖区和青山湖区进行调查,对参与者进行问卷调查(包括年龄、疾病史等)、体格检查(测量身高、体重等)、骨密度检查和实验室检查(包括血糖、骨代谢生化指标等)。采用FRAX计算未来10年发生主要部位骨折概率和髋部骨折概率,并使用SPSS软件对收集的数据进行统计学分析。结果共调查了1051名40~90岁南昌市居民,其中男性250名,女性801名,平均年龄为(59±8)岁。骨质疏松症患病率为33.4%,其中男性为21.6%,女性为36.9%。男性的髋部骨折概率、腰椎骨密度、股骨颈骨密度和25-羟基维生素D水平高于女性,主要部位骨折概率、血磷、骨钙素和β胶原特殊序列水平低于女性。Spearman相关及逐步线性回归分析结果显示,在所有参与者中,主要部位骨折概率与腰椎骨密度、股骨颈骨密度及血钙水平呈负相关,与β胶原特殊序列水平呈正相关;髋部骨折概率与腰椎骨密度、股骨颈骨密度、血钙、血磷和骨钙素水平呈负相关,与25-羟基维生素D及β胶原特殊序列水平呈正相关。在男性参与者中,主要部位骨折概率与腰椎骨密度和股骨颈骨密度呈负相关;髋部骨折概率与股骨颈骨密度呈负相关。在女性参与者中,主要部位骨折概率和髋部骨折概率均与腰椎骨密度、股骨颈骨密度和血钙水平呈负相关,与β胶原特殊序列水平呈正相关。以上P值均<0.05。结论FRAX值不仅与骨密度有关,还与一些骨代谢生化指标有关;与骨形成标志物骨钙素相比,FRAX值与骨吸收标志物β胶原特殊序列的相关性更为确切。因此,将FRAX与骨密度和骨代谢生化指标结合应用可以更好地预测骨质疏松性骨折的发生风险。

Early Results of Urothelial Carcinoma Screening in a Risk Population of Coke Workers:Urothelial Carcinoma among Coke Workers

Objective To present the protocol and the early results of a urothelial carcinoma （UC） screening analysis performed in a risk population of coke workers. Methods Between June 2006 and October 2008, 171 male workers （mean age 43 years）, employed in a Ligurian coke plant （Italiana Coke S.r.l） and exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） for a median period of 16 years, underwent screening for UC. Urological evaluation included medical history, physical examination, routine laboratory tests, urine analysis, urinary cytology and uCyt＋ assay. In the event of signs and symptoms suggestive of UC or positive urinary tests, the workers were also subjected to urinary ultrasonography and cystoscopy with biopsy of any suspicious lesions. Results Regarding the laboratory tests, 19/171 （11%） uCyt＋ samples were considered inadequate and were excluded from the outcomes assessment. Overall, urine analysis, cytology and uCyt＋ were positive in 18/152 （12%） subjects who showed no evidence of UC at the scheduled check-ups. No significant association was identified between marker positivity and occupational activity. Conclusions Our results fail to show an increased risk of UC among the coke workers evaluated. However, they will need to be confirmed in the future by a larger enrollment and a longer follow-up in order to assess the definitive risk for UC after exposure to coke.

黄金中杂质元素的检测及健康风险评估

黄金大量应用于医疗器械领域,为研究其潜在风险,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)快速测定黄金显影点中23种杂质元素并对其进行健康风险评估。通过标准加入校正-内标法补偿基体效应,并通过方法学验证其检测结果的可靠性,确保测试结果的准确性和稳定性。研究结果表明,各待测杂质元素的校准曲线线性关系满足测试要求,方法检出限为0.021~0.705μg/L,方法精密度(RSD,n=9)均小于5.0%,除砷和硒的回收率偏低,样品的回收率均在90.505%~105.750%范围内。该方法具有低检出限、高灵敏度、精密度良好,准确性高等特点,展现了ICP-MS法研究多元素含量的快速性、稳定性和优越性,同时,研究各杂质元素的可耐受接触TE值,将为黄金中杂质元素的健康风险评估工作提供重要的参考意义。

Characterization of Dyslipidemia and Assessment of Atherogenic Risk amongst Cameroonian Living in Yaounde: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the lipid profile in nutritional categories, to characterize dyslipidemia and assess cardiovascular risk, to describe association between anthropometric markers, incidence of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in Cameroonian adults. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Yaoundé from April 2014-June 2015. It included 1986 individuals, aged 20 - 65 years, both males (30.7%) and females (69.3%). Blood pressure, anthropometric measurement including weight, height, body fat, waist and hip circumference were performed. BMI was used to define nutritional status. Blood analysis included total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, insulin. Dyslipidemia was defined as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterolemia and combined dyslipidemia. Atherogenic indexes were calculated for assessment of the cardiovascular risk. Results: Out of the 1986 participants, 544 (27.4%), 616 (31%), and 826 (41.6%) were normal weight, overweight and obese respectively. In obese, lipid profile varied according to gender (p 5) was (40.50%). Low HDL-cholesterolemia (75.4%) was the main lipid abnormality found, independently of gender, age, fat location. Waist circumference (WC) unlike body mass index (BMI) and body fatness was associated to hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion: Low HDL-cholesterolemia and high atherogenic risk profile are more prevalent amongst Cameroonian adults. Promotion of healthy lifestyle including good eating habits shall be encouraged to reduce mortality from cardiovascular disease complications.

Update on pre-diabetes: Focus on diagnostic criteria and cardiovascular risk

Pre-diabetes, which is typically defined as blood glucose concentrations higher than normal but lower than thediabetes threshold, is a high-risk state for diabetes and cardiovascular disease development. As such, it represents three groups of individuals: Those with impaired fasting glucose(IFG), those with impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) and those with a glycated haemoglobin(HbA1c) between 39-46 mmol/mol. Several clinical trials have shown the important role of IFG, IGT and HbA1c -pre-diabetes as predictive tools for the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Moreover, with regard to cardiovascular disease, pre-diabetes is associated with more advanced vascular damage compared with normoglycaemia, independently of confounding factors. In view of these observations, diagnosis of pre-diabetes is mandatory to prevent or delay the development of the disease and its complications; however, a number of previous studies reported that the concordance between pre-diabetes diagnoses made by IFG, IGT or HbA1c is scarce and there are conflicting data as to which of these methods best predicts cardiovascular disease. This review highlights recent studies and cur-rent controversies in the field. In consideration of the expected increased use of HbA1c as a screening tool to identify individuals with alteration of glycaemic homeo-stasis, we focused on the evidence regarding the ability of HbA1c as a diagnostic tool for pre-diabetes and as a useful marker in identifying patients who have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Finally, we reviewed the current evidence regarding non-traditional glycaemic biomarkers and their use as alternatives to or additions to traditional ones.