Safety Risks and Preventive Measures for Construction Supervision of Construction Projects

Based on the analysis of construction project safety risk and its preventive measures, it is first necessary to clarify the safety risks and existing problems of construction project supervision and to formulate effective construction procedures. It is necessary to check the production safety of the construction unit, strengthen the company's own safety production management, and reasonably control the risk to familiarize with the construction drawings, and make a special construction plan for the work of the bottom line. Finally, an elective solution is drawn to comprehensively expound the importance of construction project construction safety risk and its preventive measures.

Analysis of Identification and Supervision of Financial Risk Based on One Belt and One Road

With the continuous development andprogress of social economy, people pay more and moreattention to financial risks. Thus modern economy hasclose link with finance, and the One Belt and One Roadis a new exploration of social economy. If the moderneconomy wants better development, One Belt and OneRoad construction should be brought into economicdevelopment. And it has an impact on trade financingand outward investment of enterprises. Therefore,if it wants to be carried out smoothly, the financialmanagement mechanism should be improved. In thispaper, a concrete analysis of the identification andsupervision of financial risks will be made under OneBelt and One Road construction.

China＇s social security fund risk management and social supervision research

Social security fund is the key of social security system to run the important material. Policy implementation of social security funds, operation supervision of safety and risk prevention and control and management, is to perfect social security system, to realize the sustainable development of the social security system important link. This paper expounds the basic status quo of China＇s social security fund risk control, risk prevention and control, the necessity of fund risk management, and analyzed the social power supervision in the way and the important significance.

Development Status, Causes of Risks, and Risk Supervision Suggestions on Internet Finance in China

As a useful supplement to China's financial system,the development of internet finance has promoted the innovation of financial model and injected strong vitality into the financial market.Internet finance provides customers with more convenient and fast financial services,effectively alleviates financial exclusion,and reduces information asymmetry.It is of great significance to promote the marketization of interest rate and the development of inclusive finance in China.However,internet financial risk events occur frequently,posing a serious challenge.Therefore,this research analyzes the causes of internet financial risks,and provides suggestions on internet financial risk supervision,so as to promote a healthy development of the internet financial industry in China.

Feasibility Study of Construction Project in Compliance with Bank Investment Supervision Requirements

On the basis of the 12-year author’s practice of bank investment supervision developed methodology significant construction projects risks have been identified and measured: risks of the highest impact values and risks of the biggest likelihood appearance. The research has been recorded in 400-450 reports of 42 investment projects in advanced manufacturing, commercial, residential, hotels and apartment housing sectors. At least one risk of the highest measured level of significance has been highlighted at each phase of investment process: design, construction and maintenance. A reasonable level of risks significance has been determined which stands for not more than 1/3 of possible significance in “risks monitoring” strategy. EPCM (engineering, project and construction management) approach to investment process and solid, consequent, regular construction projects monitoring executed by professional BSI (banking supervision inspector) makes possible to minimise any faults of inappropriate financing of construction projects.

Construction of Network Legal Supervision Mode With Chinese Characteristics

Localizing network legal supervision based on national conditions, legal traditions and the needs of economic and political development is the basis to manage and administrate the network by law. Adjusted to media convergence and the needs of network cultural industry development, China has made the lawmaking of media transform from practical service oriented management to functional oriented management of media. This strategy aims to prevent network medium risk effectively according to network communication regularity.

Fuzzy rule based seismic risk assessment of one-story precast industrial buildings

Effi cient tools capable of using uncertain data to produce fast and approximate results are more practical in rapid decision-making applications when compared to conventional methods. From this point of view, this study introduces a risk assessment model for one-story precast industrial buildings by fuzzy logic which builds a bridge between uncertainty and precision. The input, output and relations of the fuzzy based risk assessment model (FBRAM) were determined by reference buildings. The Monte Carlo simulation method was used to handle uncertainties associated with the structural characteristics of the reference buildings. Section dimension, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, column height related to building elevation, confi nement ratio and seismic hazard are regarded as input and the plastic demand ratio is considered as the output parameter by the mathematical formulation of strength and deformation capacity of the buildings. The supervised learning method was used to determine the membership function of fuzzy sets. Fuzzy rules of FBRAM were constructed from Monte Carlo simulation by mapping of inputs and output. FBRAM was evaluated by a group of simulated buildings and two existing precast industrial buildings. Comparisons have shown signifi cant agreement with analytical model results in both cases. Consequently, it is anticipated that the proposed model can be used for the seismic risk mitigation of precast buildings.

The New Approach for Risk Regulation in Banks

The purpose of this report is to present the necessity of proceeding to new reforms in bank regulation and to increase the stability and risk sensitivity of the capital base under applying the Standardised Credit Risk Assessment Approach (SCRA) in banks. The dynamics in the bank regulation and supervision of credit risk assessment approaches are explored. In the paper, a thorough theoretical-methodological and historical-logical analysis was made of the evolution of the development and chronology of the global regulatory frameworks for banks—Basel 1, Basel 2, and Basel 3. The contemporary projections and challenges for the banks’ management under the new regulatory and institutional changes are presented. The SCRA is a positive asset in bank capital regulation in contemporary banking. The revisions to the regulatory framework by Basel 3 are a long continuous process influenced by numerous economic, social, and political factors. The preparation of the Bulgarian banking system for a new reform of financial regulation is analyzed. The need for adoption of a new risk-based approach for capital assessment and the importance of transparency in bank financial reporting is proved.

依赖模糊层次分析算法的建设工程项目风险分析

近年来对建筑项目风险管理的研究逐步全面。由于建筑工程项目风险受技术、人力、环境、质量等诸多因素的影响,加之现如今存在监理监管和项目管理等多种项目风险评估方式,项目风险评估的准确性存在不准确等问题。首先基于建筑工程施工的基本流程,建立了建筑工程施工阶段风险管理模型,在模型的基础上,研究了基于AHP和模糊算法的风险评估方法的建设工程项目风险分析法,并分别以监理监管、项目管理、两者并行管理三种方式,对项目风险进行了计算。结果显示,采用两者并行的管理方式,其项目风险更低。

Workplace Risk Prevention in Public Building Projects in Mexico

The importance of risk prevention in the workplace during the construction of public infrastructure projects is particularly relevant due to the large number of workers involved as well as the frequency and severity of the accidents. The aim of this work was to conduct an exploratory study of workplace risk prevention in the construction of public work projects in Mexico. The methodology was based on a case study which included an exploration of the attitudes assumed by the civil servants working for the government agency, regarding workplace risk prevention, and the observation of construction processes in a sampling of projects. The results show that the regulations are not fully adhered to during the stages of project planning and contracting for the work. During project designing, the inclusion of criteria regarding workplace risk prevention is relegated, and during public tendering, the experience of the contractor in risk prevention and workplace safety plans are not taken into account. Consequently, as one might expect from the above, during the construction processes, it was possible to observe that only about half of the prevention requirements applicable in the workplace were actually complied with.

商业银行设立理财子公司能够实现风险隔离吗?

本文以中国商业银行设立理财子公司为准自然实验,基于2018—2021年84家银行的季度财务数据,采用渐进双重差分模型(DID)考察商业银行设立理财子公司的风险隔离效应。研究发现:设立理财子公司显著降低了母公司商业银行的风险承担,能够实现理财业务与其他业务的风险隔离,且设立时间越长,风险隔离效应越显著。异质性检验和机制分析表明,这种风险隔离效应在城商行与农商行中最弱;“去嵌套、降杠杆”和“去池化、缓错配”是实现风险隔离的主要机制。对母公司商业银行和理财子公司并表的进一步分析发现,设立理财子公司不能降低银行控股集团的整体风险承担,仅能实现风险隔离。这些研究发现对于完善商业银行内部控制和外部监管具有重要启示。

迈向智能监察:人工智能赋能国家监察的逻辑与进路

新一代人工智能的兴起为国家治理注入新动能,为国家监察工作的数字化、智能化指明方向。人工智能赋能国家监察具有以“数据全覆盖”实现“监察全覆盖”、从人力监督到智能监督等现实价值。受限于国家监察的初创性与人工智能的局限性,国家监察智能化呈现阶段性特征。国家监察的智能化发展围绕数据、算法、算力三大核心要素,实现监察“块数据”构建、面向国家监察的语言模型嵌入及算力资源的优化供给。针对人工智能存在的数据隐私、数据安全等技术性风险,可从人工智能政府采购的制度化与规范化、建构监察对象数据隐私与安全保护机制和人工智能监察应用的纠错与救济机制等方面予以防范和化解。

Cosmetic Safety and Risk Assessment Under the “New” Regulations

Regulations for the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics was promulgated by the State Council on June 29,2020 and will take effect on January 1,2021.Compared with the previous Regulations on Health Supervision of Cosmetics,there are more items proposed for the safety of cosmetics.In this paper,the main changes of the safety supervision of cosmetics by comparing the“new”and“old”regulations were summarized with the potential influences on different groups(government,cosmetic enterprises and consumers)discussed.The important laws and regulations on cosmetic safety and risk assessment in China with recently added in vitro testing methods were summarized and the principal theory of cosmetic quantitative risk assessment was introduced.

大语言模型的技术应用前景与风险挑战

针对大语言模型(LLM)技术的快速发展,剖析它的技术应用前景和风险挑战,对通用人工智能(AGI)的发展和治理有重要参考价值。首先,以Multi-BERT(Multilingual Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)、GPT(Generative Pre-trained Transformer)和ChatGPT(Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer)等语言模型为代表,综述LLM的发展脉络、核心技术和评估体系;其次,分析LLM现存的技术局限和安全风险;最后,提出LLM在技术上改进、政策上跟进的建议。分析指出作为发展阶段的LLM,现有模型存在非真实性及偏见性输出、实时自主学习能力欠缺,算力需求庞大,对数据质量和数量依赖性强,语言风格单一;存在数据隐私、信息安全和伦理等方面的安全风险。未来发展可从技术上继续改进,从“大规模”转向“轻量化”、从“单模态”走向“多模态”、从“通用”迈入“垂类”;从政策上实时跟进,实施有针对性的监管措施,规范应用和发展。

浅谈汽车工厂涂装车间设备改造安全施工监理

汽车旧工厂涂装车间设备改造拆除安装安全施工,包括设备改造拆除安装安全施工策划、设备改造拆除安装安全施工监理及设备改造拆除安装安全施工注意事项等,识别设备改造拆除安装安全施工风险分解结构(RBS),制定设备改造拆除安装安全风险分析计划及现场施工安全监理预案,最终实现设备改造拆除安装安全事故零目标。

纪检监察监测信息平台功能研发与实践

随着智慧医院的建设,医院信息化发展快速推进。纪检监察工作也必须适应信息化时代发展需要,因此在信息化时代下,利用网络数据的实时性及高效的统计能力,加大对人、财、物等重点岗位部门的监督力度,可以有效地提升医院纪检监察的精准化和专业化。文章通过研究和开发纪检监察监测信息平台,依托完善、稳定的医院内部网络资源,有效提高了纪检监察部门监督水平,构建了一套完善的网上监督系统,为医院纪检监察工作助力。

多元化管理策略对医用高值耗材风险防控的影响

目的探讨多元化管理策略对医用高值耗材风险防控的影响。方法选择2020年1月—2023年12月枣庄市某三甲医院使用高值耗材多的13个科室。将2020年1月—2021年12月枣庄市某三甲医院医用高值耗材管理采取传统管理模式,作为对照组;将2022年1月—2023年12月枣庄市某三甲医院医用高值耗材管理采取基于风险防控的多元化医用耗材管理模式,作为观察组。比较2种管理模式的成效。结果观察组在党支部参与所属科室高值耗材采购、使用、计费问题议事决策落实率为100%,高于对照组的33.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组医疗服务收入占医疗收入的占比增幅高于对照组,观察组百元医疗收入(不含药品收入)中消耗的卫生材料占比增幅低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组因耗材采购、使用、退货和计费不当进行廉政谈话人次为22人次,高于观察组的4人次,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于风险防控的多元化医用耗材管理模式提高了耗材管理规范性与有效性;规范了医疗行为,降低了廉政风险;同时也降低了医院运营成本。

经济状态演变与银行业系统性风险监管

经济状态演变是引致银行业系统性风险的重要因素。本文使用引入时变转移概率的马尔科夫区制转移模型,将经济状态未来信息纳入系统性风险度量,探究经济状态的结构性转变和持续对银行业系统性风险的影响,并分析了不同类型银行受经济状态演变影响的差异。研究发现,经济状态演变通过利率和资产市值渠道对系统性风险产生影响,由扩张向收缩的经济状态结构性转变以及扩张期的持续,会提升系统性风险;而由收缩向扩张的经济状态结构性转变则有助于稳定系统性风险。研究还发现,银行业系统性风险受经济状态影响的主要来源是中小型银行。基于以上研究成果,本文建议监管部门应关注银行业系统性风险的顺周期特征,并结合受经济状态演变的影响程度,对不同类型银行制定差异化的监管措施。

金融科技对区域金融风险的影响研究

经过多个阶段的演进和发展,金融科技对我国经济高质量发展产生了显著的影响,但是整个金融体系中存在的风险依然需要得到重视。基于2009-2022年中国31个省份的面板数据进行回归分析,结果表明:金融科技对区域金融风险存在显著的正向影响;同时,金融科技发展水平对金融风险的影响作用存在地区异质性,在更发达的地区,金融科技对区域金融风险产生的影响更显著;进一步研究发现,金融科技对区域金融风险的加剧效应随着金融监管强度的增加而相对减弱;在适当的通货膨胀水平下,当通货膨胀水平高于门槛值时,金融科技对区域金融风险的促进效果会有所减弱,更多地释放金融科技发展所产生的正面效应。

基于风险预警的消费品安全政府监管:理论与实践

为保障消费者人身财产安全,政府部门将风险预警作为监管工具之一,在国内外不同产品监管领域中均有应用,而我国消费品安全风险预警机制尚未建立。本文基于预警概念界定和相关理论基础的阐述,比较分析了国内外产品安全风险预警监管体系的运行实践经验。研究发现不同国家不同监管领域中风险预警的定义、类型、特点并不统一,各国风险预警制度与其自身消费品安全监管体系相适应;总结产品安全风险预警的类型,进而分析适合我国消费品安全监管的风险预警制度设计,为开展消费品安全风险预警实践提出了对策与建议。