Landslide risk perception and communication for disaster risk management in mountain areas of developing countries：a Mexican foretaste

The increasing impact of disasters at local,national,regional and global scales in recent decades has provided enough evidence to urgently direct attention towards the necessity of disaster risk reduction and management,and this requires knowledge.Knowledge without communication is barren,and to communicate the risk of disaster it is necessary to understand the perception of the people at risk.In particular,this paper deals with the necessity to delineate strategies of risk communication in pursuance of risk knowledge as a core of disaster risk reduction and management,especially in mountain areas of developing countries.To portray this issue,an analysis of landslide risk perception in terms of experience,landslide risk awareness,exposure,preparedness,and risk communication and trust was undertaken in the municipality of Teziutlán,Puebla,Mexico,an area that has been affected for several decades by episodes of mass movement.Analysis of the responses to a risk perception questionnaire has offered valuable insights in terms of the information and knowledge most required by the people living in the area of interest,in order to devise a realistic and functional strategy to communicate the risk of a landslide disaster.This includes better understanding of controlling factorsand drivers of this risk,and the establishment of potential trusted sources of risk communication.Beyond considering practical matters of risk assessment and management,risk perception and communication can increase the resilience of vulnerable people,and can enhance capacity building for present and future generations.

Environmental risk and risk perception management in public health

When evaluating environmental risk and its perception, psychosocial and psychosomatic factors may be of fundamental importance for public health programming and the promotion of quality of life. This is the case in particular where knowledge of the true health consequences of environmental exposure to given risk factors are incomplete or its action is within the range of values where we do not anticipate the measurable biological effect. This applies not only in the case of the indoor environment related complaints but also to that of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation and electroionic microclimate, among many others. A serious consequence found in the syndrome of mass hysteria is the fact that due to differently motivated information and disinformation, part of the population can suffer from psychosomatic symptoms and deterioration quality of life for those affected.

Effects of social capital,risk perception and awareness on environmental protection behavior

Introduction:Environmental protection is an essential issue for sustainable development,and its execution power mainly comes from individual environmental protection behavior.This study investigates the resident environmental protection behaviors and influencing factors in the ecologically fragile areas of western China based on a total of 1062 households by adopting the participatory assessment method.Then,this study used the structural equation model to empirically analyze the impact of social capital,environmental risk perception,and environmental awareness on residents’environmental protection behavior.Outcomes:The results showed that environmental awareness is the basis for practicing environmental protection behavior,consistent with the existing research;social capital has a significant impact on residents’environmental protection behavior,with an impact coefficient of 0.347.Hence,environmental risk perception has an indirect influence on environmental protection behavior through environmental awareness.Besides,compared with urban residents,rural residents’environmental awareness and social capital have a stronger role in environmental protection behavior.Conclusions:The study clarified the influence path of residents’environmental protection behavior,thus effectively providing a decision-making basis for the government to guide residents in the environmental governance system.

Public Risk Perception Attitude and Information-Seeking Efficacy on Floods:A Formative Study for Disaster Preparation Campaigns and Policies

Floods are among the most frequent and devastating natural hazards and disasters in many southern states in the United States.This study examined the relationship and reciprocal predictability between two theoretical constructs-risk perception attitude(RPA)and informationseeking efficacy(ISE)——in regard to pluvial floods.In addition,this study extended these theoretical constructs to investigate differences in RPA and ISE among potential audience segments,providing practitioners with applicable insights for designing effective flood prevention and risk management campaigns.Analysis of data from 716 residents in south Louisiana revealed a statistically strong relationship between RPA and ISE.This research also identified specific audience segments that would benefit from an increase in RPA and ISE concerning floods.These meaningful findings infonn a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of the relationship between RPA and ISE and guide future disaster preparation campaigns and policies.

Perception and prevalence of behavioral risk factors: the lifestyle risk scale (LRS)

Objective: To develop a lifestyle risk scale (LRS) of health-related behaviors based on risk assessments of study participants. Method: By means of pairwise comparisons of assessed risks associated with tobacco, alcohol, obesity, fast-food, physical inactivity, and lack of sleep, each at four levels, 24 behaviors were ranked on a unidimensional risk scale. Results: Overall, use of tobacco was assigned the highest risk score (3.7), consumption of fast-food and lack of sleep the lowest (1.7, 1.6). Minor risk factors (lack of sleep and fast-food) were, at their highest levels, assigned similar risk values as major risk factors (tobacco, alcohol, obesity) at their lowest levels. Lifestyles of female participants were less hazardous than those of male participants, as measured with the LRS. In contrast, perception of behavioral health risks was more precise in men. Conclusions: The LRS provides a practical quantification to identify and compare groups with different risk behavior patterns as well as clusters of risky health behaviors in and across populations. It can also support the communication of behavioral health risks.

促进还是抑制:社会信任对绿色生活方式的影响机制

绿色生活方式转型对推动生态文明建设具有重要意义。基于价值—信念—规范理论和信任—信息—合作模型等,构建“社会信任—环境风险感知—环境关心—绿色生活方式”的理论分析框架,采用中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2021年数据,运用结构方程模型,探索社会信任对绿色生活方式的影响机制,分析环境风险感知和环境关心的中介效应。研究表明:(1)居民社会信任程度的提高,可以直接激发绿色生活方式意愿,从而间接促进绿色生活方式行为;(2)居民社会信任程度的提高,会降低环境风险感知,间接抑制绿色生活方式行为;(3)社会信任会通过降低环境风险感知而减少环境关心,再同时间接抑制绿色生活方式意愿和行为。社会信任对绿色生活方式的双重作用机制表明,社会信任可能是一把“双刃剑”:社会信任虽然能直接促进绿色生活方式的形成,推动绿色生活方式的转型,但是也可能通过降低环境风险感知和环境关心,抑制绿色生活方式的意愿和行为。因此,培育居民绿色生活方式可直接聚焦环境风险感知和环境关心,激发居民保护环境的内在情感和动力,以有效促进居民绿色生活方式的转型。

Disaster Tales as Communication Tool for Increasing Risk Resilience

Agencies in charge of flood management use disaster reports(DRs)as the preferred source of information on past flooding events.A systematic survey of DRs prepared by Italian agencies suggests that DRs could be widely enhanced in view of targeting more effective communication to citizens,reinforcing the communication pillar in civil protection planning and management,and improving the resilience of the population to extreme events.Without loss of the rigor and details required for all the usual technical uses of DRs,we suggest recompiling them in the form of"disaster tales"(DTs),as tools that offer wider knowledge of the events to improve people’s preparedness and self-protection behavior.Recent major flooding events have demonstrated the communication potential that videos and pictures taken by citizens have for risk perception and disaster preparedness.By watching and listening to what has happened the communication recipient can better understand the feelings of the people experiencing an emergency.The structure of the improved reports,we suggest,will finally integrate data,graphs,and maps with interactive tools and be able to present handier multimedia views of the events.Application to three case studies of flooding in Italy illustrates how to concretely implement the suggested disaster reports to create more readily accessible disaster tales.

空气污染情境下环境风险感知对大学生亲环境行为的影响——基于有调节的中介模型

大气污染控制逐渐成为可持续发展的重要议题,除了需要国家、政府和相关部门的努力,公众的行动选择也至关重要。将公众大气风险感知有效转化为亲环境行为,实现环境改善的“知行合一”,首先需明确亲环境行为的发生机制。以在校大学生为例,通过问卷调查获取心理变量,结合空气质量数据,运用有调节的中介模型验证环境风险感知、自然联结、PM_(2.5)暴露值对大学生亲环境行为的影响机理。结果显示:环境风险感知正向预测亲环境行为;自然联结在影响路径中发挥完全中介作用;影响路径具有城乡差异,即来自城市个体的大气风险感知对直接亲环境行为敏感,对自然联结变化迟钝;影响路径受到个体所暴露的PM_(2.5)浓度的调节,即PM_(2.5)暴露值越高,中介效应越强。上述结果明晰了环境风险感知对亲环境行为的影响路径,为进一步提升大学生亲环境行为和推动大学生环境教育提供了理论支撑和实践参考。

“以人民为中心”:环境风险感知与民众公共服务共同生产

“以人民为中心”的发展思想强调在环境治理中加强与民众的互动,以增强环境治理的韧性,并促进公共价值实现。为此,研究从议题关注型、规则遵从型、集体行动型三种共同生产的类型出发,基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2021年微观数据,从环境风险感知的视角考察了民众的环境公共服务共同生产。研究发现,环境风险感知对民众议题关注型共同生产的影响不显著,但显著促进了民众的规则遵从型和集体行动型共同生产。从异质性来看,女性以及低收入群体在环境风险感知对议题关注型共同生产上影响更加显著,而男性、高收入群体在规则遵从型和集体行动型共同生产上表现更加显著;从城乡比较来看,城市居民在三种共同生产方式上均表现较为突出。进一步的分析发现,环境责任意识是环境风险感知促进民众环境公共服务共同生产的主要路径。上述效应在加入工具变量讨论内生性的基础上仍然稳健。研究为推动我国贯彻“以人民为中心”的发展思想,形成“共享共建共治”的环境治理格局提供有益的启发。

经济政策不确定性感知与企业绿色行为——基于环保责任与“漂绿风险”双重视角

基于2010—2022年中国A股上市公司数据,探讨经济政策不确定性感知对企业绿色行为的影响。研究发现,经济政策不确定性感知不仅提升了企业环保责任,也加剧了企业“漂绿风险”。机制检验表明,经济政策不确定性感知通过增强企业合法性和供应链安全动机促使企业提升环保责任,通过放大资源节约动机加剧“漂绿风险”。异质性检验发现,经济政策不确定性感知上升时,国有企业和竞争性行业的环保责任提升更明显,而非国有企业和非竞争性行业“漂绿风险”上升更显著。提升管理层环保意识、强化绿色信用体系建设能抑制“漂绿风险”的上升。研究提出稳定企业政策预期、构建绿色行为监督机制、重视环保责任的保险效应等措施,为践行绿色发展理念提供启示。

环境风险感知的心理测量范式研究述评

环境风险感知研究是近年来环境风险领域研究的一个新的热点。该领域的研究反映了公众对环境风险及环境风险管理的偏好和价值观。将该方面的研究纳入环境风险管理的决策过程是有效实施环境风险管理的基础。阐述了环境风险感知的内涵,着重阐述了心理测量范式的假设、流程和因子分析描述,总结了该方法在环境风险感知领域的国内外研究状况及其意义和存在的缺陷,并在此基础上对心理测量范式在环境风险感知领域的研究前景进行了展望,提出了需要进一步研究的问题。

怎样会让我们感觉更危险--风险沟通渠道分析

以实验设计与问卷测量相结合的方法,向被试提供真实的环境风险材料,探讨不同类型的(人为或自然)风险、形象性信息、不同感觉通道的信息输入(声音或文字),以及不同沟通渠道对风险认知的影响。实验一采用实验室设计,发现人为风险比自然风险引起更高的风险认知,形象性信息的呈现增加了风险认知,但不同感觉通道的信息输入对风险认知没有影响。实验二模拟现实生活中电视和网页对风险信息的传递,比较两种沟通渠道对风险认知的影响,结果表明电视比网页唤起更高的风险认知。

基于负面IPA的入境游客对华环境风险感知研究

近期,中国中东部地区雾霾天气成为威胁公众出游安全、损害游客身心健康的一大元凶。伴随国际社会广泛关注和全球媒体密集传播,雾霾天气对中国国际旅游吸引力的削弱作用已初现端倪。根据对入境游客的调研发现,现阶段,以雾霾为代表的大气污染及与之相关的行动限制、安全威胁、健康威胁、游憩限制等系列风险因素,构成入境游客对华环境风险负面感知的主要方面。为应对这一问题,文章立足入境游客环境风险感知测量,提出并运用负面IPA工具,分析入境游客对华环境风险感知规律,在对入境游客环境风险感知进行比较分析的基础上,找出入境游客对华环境风险感知的关键特征。

基于风险认知过程的综合风险分类方法研究

介绍了风险数值分类的方法,弥补了目前风险分类多从定性角度进行描述,缺少客观性的缺陷。以与当前生活紧密相关的44种风险为样本,基于风险管理过程和大众对风险的认知过程所关注的风险属性要素,采用Havashi数量化理论Ⅲ的数值分析法,在MATLAB程序的支持下,计算各种风险的得分,进行风险聚类,得到综合风险分类结果。结果表明,44种风险被分成了简单风险、复杂风险、模糊风险/不确定风险。分类结果体现了国际风险管理理事会IRGC注重风险性质认知的理念,符合风险管理的实际需要。

空气污染的不良效应及理论模型:环境心理学的视角

空气污染的不良效应不仅限于生理健康损害,还涉及认知功能、情绪和行为等多方面的消极影响。针对空气污染不良效应的形成机制,以往研究提出了环境应激模型和社会-环境交互模型,这些理论模型强调空气污染的不良效应不仅涉及污染的直接暴露程度,也取决于个体的身心状况以及他对空气污染的主观评价。基于以往研究的不足,尤其是环境心理学介入空气污染研究的可行性,未来研究可着眼于改进空气污染的心理学研究方法,开展空气污染的环境应激和风险感知研究。

环境中的风险认知特征

采用多维度的心理测量范式,研究公众在“影响程度”、“可控性”、“了解程度”、“影响的持续性”、“发生的可能性”、“结果的严重性”六个维度上对39个环境条目的风险认知特征。研究结果验证了“风险程度指标”,并将环境风险划分为“生态环境”“疾病与灾害”“生活环境”三个大类并探讨其风险认知特征。结果显示,由“客观认识”和“主动作用”两维度形成的认知地图可有效地指导风险沟通。

生计资产对规模养猪户环境风险感知的影响实证

环境风险感知是养猪户对农村环境风险的态度和直觉判断,是风险应对行为的基础,而生计资产又是养猪户抵御风险、提高脆弱应对能力的保障。为研究规模养猪户生计资产与环境风险感知的关系,在对湖北、河南、广东、广西、江西、天津6省(市)规模养猪户运用参与式农村评估法(PRA)进行实地调查的基础上,应用统计分析和有序多分类Logistic模型,实证分析生计资产差异对规模养猪户环境风险感知的影响。结果表明:1)规模养猪户对环境污染、环境政策和环境治理的感知水平有明显差异。2)人力资本、自然资本和社会资本对环境风险感知有显著影响,金融资本和物质资本的影响较小。3)人力资本中年龄和受教育程度对环境风险感知的影响最大,相关系数分别为1.784和2.686;自然资本中地形对环境风险感知影响最显著,相关系数为1.813;社会资本中与周围农户的合作以及与周围农户关系的友好程度对环境风险感知有显著负向影响,相关系数分别为?0.950和?0.973;金融资本和物质资本对环境风险感知的影响则较小,模型估计仅通过10%水平的显著性检验。最后,基于实证结果,从建立科技示范与培训、环保知识宣传、法律法规体系建设、拓宽收入渠道等方面提出建议措施,旨在促进养猪户环境风险感知水平的提高和环境风险防御能力的增强。

媒介使用与中国公众的亲环境行为:环境知识与环境风险感知的多重中介效应分析

在现代社会,媒介是公众获取环境信息的重要来源。媒介使用是否能够促使公众采取积极的实际行动为环境问题的改善做出贡献是环境传播媒介效果研究的核心问题之一。基于中国综合社会调查2013年(CGSS2013)的数据,针对媒介使用是如何影响公众的亲环境行为的这一问题进行了研究。在理论分析的基础上提出了环境知识和环境风险感知对媒介使用和亲环境行为的中介效应模型,并使用CGSS2013的数据进行了验证。此外,进一步的分析发现,传统媒介使用对于亲环境行为的促进作用要显著的高于新媒介;除电视以外,包括报纸、杂志、广播、互联网和手机在内的5类具体媒介使用都对亲环境行为具有不同程度的动员效果。

化工园区环境风险可接受性研究

我国的化工园区主要分布在沿江沿海一带,由于园区企业在生产、储运等过程中涉及众多危险物质,存在着潜在的环境风险。本文先对化工园区环境风险进行了分析,从风险认知的角度分析了公众对某化工园区环境风险的可接受性,通过风险偏好理论来解释不同人群对环境风险可接受性的差异,并提出了改善公众可接受性的有关建议。

灾后旅游地环境风险对旅游吸引力要素的溢出效应——基于游客对九寨沟地震的感知视角

灾后旅游地的环境风险广受学界关注,但其对旅游要素与景观质量等旅游地吸引力要素的溢出效应却被学界所忽视。以认知迁移理论作为理论基础,以2017年“8·8”地震后的九寨沟为研究对象,基于游客感知视角构建了由“旅游地灾后环境风险—旅游要素风险——景观质量风险”构成的感知影响传递模型,并通过结构方程模型对三者之间的影响机制进行了实证检验。研究结果表明,游客对灾后旅游地环境风险感知对旅游要素风险感知和景观质量风险感知均具有显著的正强化作用;旅游要素风险感知对景观质量风险感知也具有正强化影响作用;要素风险感知在环境风险感知和景观质量风险感知之间具有部分中介的作用。因此,灾后环境风险感知会强化游客对旅游吸引力要素的风险感知,降低旅游地的吸引力。旅游地应加强灾后的环境恢复与发展保护,并对旅游要素和旅游景观进行区隔宣传,以规避环境风险的负向溢出。