Distribution, Mobility, and Health Risks Assessment of Trace Metals in River Sediments from Intense Agricultural Activity Areas in West Africa

The economy of West African countries is mainly based on agriculture. However, the trace metal(loid)s contamination status in rivers is relatively unknown in the region. In this work, 45 surface sediments collected from the Bandama, Comoé, and Bia Rivers in south and south eastern Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa), were analyzed for total metal concentrations and chemical speciation. The results showed that the river sediments were considerably contaminated by Cd and moderately contaminated by As, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Significant spatial variations were observed among the stations but not between the rivers. Metals Cd and Cu were likely to cause more ecological risks. The speciation analysis unravelled that the metal(loid)s partitioned mainly in the residual fraction, with the potential mobile fraction varying from 14% to 28%. The study calls for establishment of strict policies relative to the application of fertilizers and agrochemicals and mining activities to protect the environment and human health risks.

Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Drinking Water Consumed in Dakar, Senegal

Water contamination by chemical pollutants is increasingly associated with waterborne diseases worldwide. The objective of this study is to assess the chemical health risk associated with drinking water consumption in Dakar, Senegal. The methodology adopted in this study is based on the determination of trace metals (Cd, Pb, Fe, Cu and Mn) in human drinking water by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, the estimation of the exposure of populations of the study area on the basis of the quantity of water consumed daily and the determination of the hazard quotient which allows estimating the health risk. The results indicate unacceptable levels of Pb and Cd in the water according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, while the concentrations of Fe, Cu and Mn are below the regulatory values. The hazard quotient (HQ) is in the majority of samples higher than 1 in children and infants for scenario 1 (based on WHO data), reflecting a high risk for this target. In scenario 2 based on consumption data from the populations studied, the HQ is greater than 1 only in heavy consumers. The drinking water consumed by Dakar population presents health risks related to Pb and Cd, particularly for infants, children and heavy consumers, hence the need to strengthen the water treatment system before home consumption.

Co-Contamination of Arsenic and Other Trace Elements (Hg, Pb, Al, Fe, Cr, Ni, and Cd) in the Rafsanjan Plain Alluvial Aquifer SE of Iran and Arsenic Risk Assessment

Assessing the concentration of trace elements in aquifers is increasingly subjected to study in Iran due to the lack of groundwater resources. This study was undertaken with the objective of determining trace elements in the alluvial aquifer located in the southern part of the Rafsanjan plain, Kerman province, Iran. The total of 73 groundwater samples from individual water wells were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results showed that the levels of As, Hg, Pb, Al, Fe, Cr, Ni, and Cd elements were above the World Health Organization standards for drinking-water in some parts of the plain. Thus, statistical data analyses and spatial distribution interpretation were performed to identify the main sources of the pollution. A health risk assessment model derived from US environmental protection agency was applied to calculate the cumulative exposure to As as well as toxic and carcinogenic risks caused by drinking contaminated raw groundwater. Results show that residents of some part of region may suffer from significant adverse toxic health impacts and are exposed to drinking water with As concentrations.

Dietary exposure estimates of trace elements in selected agricultural products grown in greenhouse and associated health risks in Korean population

This study focuses on the dietary exposure of trace elements (TEs) through the intake of various agricultural products grown in greenhouse, and its corresponding health risks at different age categories in Korean population. It was observed that the mean contents of TEs found in selected agricultural products were well below their guidelines. Mean and 95th percentile intake estimates of TEs were ranged from 0.02 to that considerable attention should be paid to the potential health risks of TEs through intake of various foodstuffs and other exposure pathways.

Effect of Exposure to Trace Elements in the Soil on the Prevalence of Neural Tube Defects in a High-Risk Area of China

Objective Our objective is to build a model that explains the association between the exposure to trace elements in the soil and the risk of neural tube defects. Methods We built a function with different parameters to describe the effects of trace elements on neural tube defects. The association between neural tube defects and trace element levels was transformed into an optimization problem using the maximum likelihood method. Results Tin, lead, nickel, iron, copper, and aluminum had typical layered effects （dosage effects） on the prevalence of neural tube defects. Arsenic, selenium, zinc, strontium, and vanadium had no effect, and molybdenum had one threshold value that affected the prevalence of birth defects. Conclusion As an exploratory research work, our model can be used to determine the direction of the effect of the trace element content of cultivated soil on the risk of neural tube defects, which shows the clues by the dosage effect of their toxicological characteristics. Based on our findings, future biogeochemical research should focus on the direct effects of trace elements on human health.

Vertical physicochemical parameter distributions and health risk assessment for trace metals in water columns in eastern Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania

The vertical distributions of trace metals and physicochemical parameters in water columns in Kigoma Bay and Kungwe Bay in eastern Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania, were studied. The Al, Ba, Ca, Co,K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Sn, Sr, and V concentrations were low and varied very little with depth. The toxic heavy metal(As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentrations were relatively high in the surface water, and the Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations decreased with depth. Principal component and cluster analyses indicated that the metals in the lake had three main sources. Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Sr, Sn, and V were found to be geogenic; As, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn anthropogenic; and As, Ca, Co, Mg, and Na biogenic.Human health risk assessments were performed, and it was found that trace metals in the water at most of the sampling sites would cause no potential adverse ef fects or non-carcinogenic health risks through dermal contact or ingestion. However, trace metals in surface water in Kungwe Bay could have certain adverse ef fects on human health through the ingestion pathway(the total hazard quotient for ingestion(ΣHQi ng)was 1.75(a value >1 was de?ned as possibly indicating adverse ef fects). The Pb HQi ng for surface water in Kungwe Bay was 1.50 and contributed >80% of the ΣHQ_(ing_, implying that Pb pollution is a water quality and safety problem that needs to be carefully monitored and the potential sources identi?ed.

A study of the relationship between trace element Mo and gastric cancer

IM To study the relationship between trace element Mo and gastric cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODS Soil samples were collected according to its type in different areas of Jiangxi Province; available molybdenum content in soil was measured by catalytic polarography and rank correlation method was used to analyse correlation between the mean of soil available molybdenum and mortality rate of gastric cancer in each county and city in Jiangxi Province. Gastric cancer cases were selected from the authors′ hospital, occiput hair was collected to measure its molybdenum content with an atomic absorption spectrograph and controls were selected from the same hospital for comparison. Gastric cancer cases were selected from three hospitals at the same time, blood samples were taken on an empty stomach and serum molybdenum contents were measured with the atomic absorption spectrograph, and controls were selected from the same hospitals. Blind method was used in the whole course (chemical analysts did not know the source and nature of samples).RESULTS A negative correlation existed between soil available molybdenum content and mortality rate of gastric cancer (r=-0285, P<005); hair molybdenum contents of gastric cancer cases were lower than those of healthy controls (0308μg/g±0673μg/g and 0707μg/g±0561μg/g respectively, P<001); serum molybdenum contents of patients were also lower than those of healthy controls (2184μg/L±749μg/L and 2538μg/L±858μg/L respectively, P<005).CONCLUSION Deficiency of molybdenum may be one of the risk factors in gastric cancer.

Risk zone of wrack hitting marine structure simulated by 2D hydraulic model

The wrack or the ship out of control will drift with flow.One of the most important factors that drive the ship is flow current which moves circularly in tidal area.The wrack from same place always drifts in different ways if the start time is different.So,during the ship drifting period,the drift trace is also determined by both wave and wind forces.The drift direction is limited by water depth which must be deeper than ship draft. These marine structures that can not afford the hit of wrack or will destroy the wrack must be well considered when they are placed near harbor and waterway or other water area with ship running.The risk zone should be consulted according to tide and weather conditions to protect structures and ships in necessary.A method is presented here to simulate the risk zone by 2D numerical hydraulic model with tidal current,wave,wind and water depth considered.This model can be used to built early-warning and protect system for special marine structure.

Distribution, Enrichment and Ecological Risk Assessment of Six Elements in Bed Sediments of a Tropical River, Chottanagpur Plateau: A Spatial and Temporal Appraisal

Distribution and enrichment of six elements (iron, zinc, copper, lead, cadmium and manganese) in surface bed sediments, collected from seventeen selected locations during pre-monsoon and postmonsoon periods, of the tropical Chottanagpur plateau river Subarnarekha along with the ecological risks involved were investigated. Owing to the rich occurrence of mineral resources, the Subarnarekha river basin has a large scale presence of industrial and mining units especially in the Indian State of Jharkhand. An assessment, which involved examining distribution pattern of elements, comparative studies with sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and geochemical background values and a sequential and integrated index analyses approach (containing contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), contamination degree (CD), enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index (PERI)), was followed to estimate enrichment and risks of elements in the bed sediments. Sediments collected from areas having abundance of population, industrial conglomerates and mining units recorded elevated element concentrations, which exceeded SQGs, and significantly higher values of CF, CD, PLI, EF, Igeo and PERI. Cadmium demonstrated surprising regularity in its enrichment;contributed most to the ecological risks;and high toxicity risks due to cadmium exceeded 64% of the sites. Moreover, chronic exposures of other elements would also lead to similar ecological risks. In addition to revealing potential ecological risks due to cadmium and other elements our investigation markedly highlighted anthropogenic control over sediment quality deterioration and some immediate sediment quality management strategies are needed to remediate and control river bed contamination.

湖南省2023年5—6月跨省调入饲养用牛羊追溯调查与布鲁氏菌病监测

为评估分析外省份调入湖南省饲养用牛羊引入布鲁氏菌病(以下简称“布病”)的风险,对“湖南省动物卫生监督信息平台”2023年5—6月跨省调入饲养用牛羊开展监测排查,并就其来源、去向及布病检测结果等进行调查统计。结果显示:全省共调入饲养用牛羊270批次12850头/只,涉及19个省/自治区/直辖市,其中13个省份为原布病防控一类地区;有164批次牛羊来源于布病免疫区,占60.74%;有96批次牛羊实际用于继续饲养,占35.56%;采集牛羊血清样品1396份,检出布病抗体阳性7份。结果表明,湖南省存在牛羊布病输入性风险,应加大调运监管力度,减少牛羊布病从高风险地区向低风险地区传播的风险。

Health Risk Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Water and Sediment at Marsa-Matrouh, Mediterranean Sea, Egypt

In an attempt to evaluate the environmental quality of Marsa-Matrouh city which covered the most famous beaches in Egypt, an environmental risk assessment was performed, including a screening level ecological risk assessment. The aim of this work was to determine which metals could possibly pose toxic adverse ecological effects to marine organisms and to determine whether hot spots exist or not. To fulfill the goals of study, surfacial sediment and water samples were collected from ten different locations covering Marsa-Matrouh city during four seasons (2010-2011). The average concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn were 2.381 ± 3.389, 9.307 ± 14.159, 68.969 ± 9.397, 2.642 ± 1.004, 16.712 ± 8.469, 31.168 ± 15.322 μg/l in water and 0.755 ± 0.240, 5.363 ± 1.581, 962.131 ± 975.084, 3.972 ± 2.180, 15.210 ± 4.434 and 24.608 ± 7.706 μg/g dry weight in sediment respectively. The concentrations of the investigated six metals in water were within the acceptable limits except for two stations (Cleopatra and El-Obayed) which exhibited higher values than the permissible level of Cd during autumn 2010. Metal pollution assessment for both water and sediment was studied. Heavy metal pollution index indicates that water is not critically polluted with respect to the investigated metals. For sediment samples, threshold effect concentrations (TEC HQ) were lower than 1 except for Cd which showed higher value than 1, indicating the possibility of occurrence of toxic adverse ecological effects to benthic organisms for Cd, while rare adverse ecological effects are expected to occur with respect to Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn.

Assessment of Endocrine Disrupting Trace Metals in River Samre at Samreboi in the Wassa Amenfi West District of the Western Region of Ghana

The rational for the study was to assess the levels of endocrine disrupting trace metals in River Samre. The levels of Mercury ranged from 0.01 to 0.02 mg/l (mean of 0.006 mg/l), whiles cadmium levels ranged from 0.002 to 0.011 mg/l (mean of 0.01 mg/l). The high levels of Hg and Cd may have adverse effects on the endocrine system of inhabitants who drink directly from the river without treatment. High levels of mercury and cadmium might be caused by the activities of a Timber and Plywood Company located close to the river and the underlying bedrocks of the area exposed as a result of human activities such as farming. The concentration of lead was below detection limit ( mg/l) but that of Arsenic ranged from 0.001 to 0.007 mg/l (mean of 0.005). Health risk assessment conducted shows that the risk associated with exposure to these metals for now are low. Continuous water quality monitoring is recommended to help protect the resource and also to safeguard human health.

重庆市主城区居民饮用水9种微量元素含量特征及其健康风险评价

为明确重庆市主城区饮用水中微量元素含量及其对居民健康的潜在影响,采集主城区居民末梢饮用水80件、水源地水样3件,室内测定水样中As、Ba、Cr、Cu、Mo、Ni、Sb、Se、Zn含量,并采用USEPA推荐的健康风险评价模型,评估饮用水中微量元素的健康风险水平。结果表明:①重庆市主城区居民末梢饮用水中9种微量元素均值(算术均值,下同)均未超过国家《生活饮用水卫生标准》。②儿童和成人的总健康风险均值分别为8.72×10^(-5)a^(-1)和3.56×10^(-5)a^(-1),在USEPA推荐的最大可接受标准(10-6~10^(-4)a^(-1))内,但儿童总健康风险高于成人。③居民末梢饮用水健康风险主要表现为Cr和As的致癌风险,儿童和成人致癌风险均呈现R Cr(8.54×10^(-5)a^(-1)和3.48×10^(-5)a^(-1))>R As(1.62×10^(-6)a^(-1)和6.74×10^(-7)a^(-1)),但均低于USEPA推荐的最大可接受标准(10^(-4)a^(-1))。因此饮用水中Cr和As是重庆市主城区居民饮用水产生健康风险的主要物质,需进一步加强这2种元素的监测和管理。

甲状腺乳头状癌患者血微量元素水平变化及相关性研究

目的评估甲状腺乳头状癌与微量元素水平的相关性并筛选发病因素。方法招募2017年10月至2021年10月在上海市奉贤区中心医院住院的甲状腺乳头状癌患者(试验组,n=168)及健康体检人群(对照组,n=156),采集静脉血样本,采用化学发光法测定甲状腺功能及甲状腺自身抗体、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法检测8种必需微量元素(碘、锌、硒、铜、钼、铬、钴、铁)水平,并比较2组间差异。采用Logistic回归分析,分析甲状腺乳头状癌发病危险因素。结果与对照组相比,试验组甲状腺激素及抗甲状腺过氧化物酶自身抗体水平、血碘及铜水平上升(P<0.05),而血锌及硒水平下降(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析发现性别为女、血碘升高、血锌及硒水平降低可增加甲状腺乳头状癌的发病风险(P<0.05)。结论甲状腺乳头状癌患者相较于健康人群拥有更高的血碘以及更低的血锌和硒水平,三者水平的改变也增加了甲状腺乳头状癌的发病风险。

在产企业地下水污染渗漏隐患排查技术与展望

在产工矿企业多属土壤环境重点监管企业,污染物种类繁多,隐蔽性强,污染物易通过溶解-迁移-扩散等途径形成跨介质优势通道,出现地下水污染渗漏隐患。常规排查技术难准确的对污染进行溯源,以地球化学足迹、数学模拟和示踪技术为核心的新型排查技术各有适用性和优缺点,随着在产工矿企业的源头管控溯源监管的加强,将有较好的应用前景。

基于well-being分析的电网设备重要度评估与排序方法

设备重要度评估是电网风险评估与管控的重要内容,现有的方法无法考虑天气条件等不确定因素的影响,同时存在评价角度单一、实用性不强的问题。为此,提出一种电网设备重要度评估与排序的新方法。在well-being风险分析的框架下结合风险追踪模型和三状态天气模型,研究了单个设备对系统运行风险贡献程度的量化方法。在推导系统well-being风险指标分配模型的基础上,定义了设备紧急重要度指标(emergency importance indicator,EII)和警戒重要度指标(alert importance indicator,AII),分别从不同角度表征设备的重要程度。通过状态枚举法选取具有代表性的预想故障集,逐次将预想故障的运行风险分配给各个设备,最终完成考虑天气状态下的设备重要度评估与排序。RBTS系统和IEEE-RTS系统的仿真结果验证了所提方法的科学性和可靠性。

天津市某社区老年人PM2.5暴露痕量元素健康风险评估

为研究PM2.5暴露特征,对天津市某社区101名老年人(平均年龄67岁)夏季(2011年6月13日—7月2日)和冬季(2011年11月30日—12月12日)的PM2.5暴露水平进行了监测,并分析了PM2.5载带痕量元素的含量及其健康风险.结果表明,研究对象夏、冬两季PM2.5个体暴露浓度分别为(124.2±75.2)、(170.8±126.6)μgm3,室内暴露浓度分别为(120.0±48.9)、(164.9±125.7)μgm3,环境暴露浓度分别为(98.6±33.3)、(140.0±87.7)μgm3.10种痕量元素中,ρ(Zn)最高,夏季为324.18～345.65ngm3,占痕量元素总质量浓度的37%以上;冬季为148.36～362.00 ngm3,占痕量元素总质量浓度的35%以上.V、Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn和Pb的非致癌风险值均小于1,理论风险较小;但其中Cr和Mn风险值均超过0.1〔HQ(风险系数)分别为0.882和0.306〕,对于属于易感人群的老年人群体,仍有可能对其身体健康产生危害,需引起重视;As、Cd和总体致癌风险均超过10-6,对人体健康的危害不容忽视.

风险适应型的月度发电计划管理模式

传统发电计划管理主要考虑年度合约电量完成进度与电厂等负荷率,没有较好地考虑发电计划的调度可执行性,也没有考虑计划执行过程中各类不确定性因素的影响。基于此,提出了一种风险适应型的月度发电计划管理模式与编制方法。首先,在分解月电量时精细化地考虑逐日的机组组合优化安排,以预留一定的执行调整空间,并在机组组合不可行时修正月度发电计划;其次,提炼影响发电计划执行的关键边界条件,在月内持续检测边界条件的变化情况,提出响应边界条件变化的计划跟踪与调整方法,实现了月度发电计划的滚动分析、目标调整与偏差修正,降低计划执行的风险。

武夷山茶园土壤重金属环境风险等级评价及溯源分析

为研究武夷山茶园土壤重金属环境风险现状及来源,通过多元统计对土壤中8种主要重金属元素的含量特征进行描述,并结合潜在生态风险指数进行评价,利用主成分分析来源。结果表明:(1)研究区土壤重金属Pb、Cd和Hg显著富集,分别是福建省土壤背景值的2.2、3.6和2.6倍;(2)Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni和As风险等级"低";Cd、Hg的风险等级以"中"和"较重"为主。整体茶园土壤综合潜在生态风险以"中"和"重"为主(78.9%)。(3)Pb为交通源因子;Cu、Cr和Ni的主要来源于成土母质;Hg为农业源因子;Zn受到自然地质背景和交通运输的共同控制;Cd除了交通源还有农业源。由于Cd和Hg元素的潜在生态风险高,因此,应特别注意茶园农业源的影响。

医院冷链药品质量安全防控与溯源体系研究

讨论热敏药物(冷链药物)从出厂到应用于病人的全过程中所存在的风险。提出防控措施,建立冷链温度信息化管理体系。