Trends and hotspots in gastrointestinal neoplasms risk assessment: A bibliometric analysis from 1984 to 2022

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal neoplasm(GN)significantly impact the global cancer burden and mortality,necessitating early detection and treatment.Understanding the evolution and current state of research in this field is vital.AIM To conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of publications from 1984 to 2022 to elucidate the trends and hotspots in the GN risk assessment research,focusing on key contributors,institutions,and thematic evolution.METHODS This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of data from the Web of Science Core Collection database using the"bibliometrix"R package,VOSviewer,and CiteSpace.The analysis focused on the distribution of publications,contributions by institutions and countries,and trends in keywords.The methods included data synthesis,network analysis,and visualization of international collaboration networks.RESULTS This analysis of 1371 articles on GN risk assessment revealed a notable evolution in terms of research focus and collaboration.It highlights the United States'critical role in advancing this field,with significant contributions from institutions such as Brigham and Women's Hospital and the National Cancer Institute.The last five years,substantial advancements have been made,representing nearly 45%of the examined literature.Publication rates have dramatically increased,from 20 articles in 2002 to 112 in 2022,reflecting intensified research efforts.This study underscores a growing trend toward interdisciplinary and international collaboration,with the Journal of Clinical Oncology standing out as a key publication outlet.This shift toward more comprehensive and collaborative research methods marks a significant step in addressing GN risks.CONCLUSION This study underscores advancements in GN risk assessment through genetic analyses and machine learning and reveals significant geographical disparities in research emphasis.This calls for enhanced global collaboration and integration of artificial intelligence to improve cancer prevention and treatment accuracy,ultimately enhancing worldwide patient care.

Trend analysis of stroke risk research based on three-dimensional metrics

This study comprehensively analyzes the status,characteristics,focal points,and evolving trends of global research on“stroke risk analysis”over the past four years(2020–2023),aiming to provide insights for directing future research endeavors.By utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale,63 high-quality research papers were selected and subjected to a systematic literature review.In terms of research methods,stroke risk analysis research has evolved from clinical trials(e.g.,establishing control groups,using authoritative scales)towards statistical and data analysis methods(e.g.,decision tree analysis).Regarding research factors,early studies primarily focused on pathological factors associated with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke,such as hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and diabetes.Recent research from the past two years indicates a shift towards emerging factors,including temperature conditions,air quality,and Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19).In terms of application domains,stroke research covers a broad range of fields but mainly focuses on exploring risk factors,interventions during diagnosis and treatment stages,and rehabilitation,with clinical diagnosis,treatment,and drug intervention studies being predominant.While the research landscape is becoming increasingly diversified and comprehensive,there remains a need for more comprehensive and in-depth studies on novel topics,as well as integrated applications of research methods,presenting ample opportunities for exploring dependent variables in future stroke.

Flame Burn Injury in Yichang of China:the Trends,Complications,and Risk Factor Analysis

Background A flame burn is an injury of body tissues,including respiratory tract damage,due to exposure to a flame or its dense smoke.Flame burns cause some of the most physically and psychologically devastating forms of trauma.Compared to scald burns,flame burn patients have a higher mortality rate and a higher frequency of multiorgan failure.The purpose of this research was to investigate the trends,complications,and mortality risk factors of flame burns at the Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery(DPBS)of the People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University(PHCTGU).Methods A retrospective analysis of 48 flame burn patients—accounting for 8.3%of the 576 burn victims admitted for burns at the PHCTGU from February 1,2010,to September 30,2019—was performed after collecting information from the Burns Registry of the said hospital.Results The proportion of patients with flame burns was 8.3%(n=48).The mean total body surface area(TBSA)affected was 27.6%.The mean duration of hospitalization was 32.5 days.The etiologies of the flame burns were as follows:gas explosions(21,43.8%),ethanol(8,16.7%),charcoal fire(7,14.6%),petrol explosions(4,8.3%),wooden houses(4,8.3%),and others,including dust,cigarette lighter,and burning incense,accounting for 8.3%of cases(4).Finally,42(87.5%)patients were treated and discharged,and 6(12.5%)patients died.Complications included scarring in 38(90.5%)patients,severe scar contractures on different parts of the body in 25(60.0%)patients,scar ulcer in 6(14.3%)patients,keloids in 3(7.1%)patients,and scar cancer in 1(2.4%)patient.Multiple complications occurred in the same patient.The only risk factor for mortality that was identified was TBSA(P=0.043).Conclusions Our study revealed that a small population(8.3%)was injured by flame burns,but 6 deaths were recorded.Society must continually enhance safeguard procedures to flames and strengthen education to protect life and avoid severe complications.

Comprehensive Analysis of Cancer Incidence and Mortality Trends in Costa Rica: Implications for Public Health

This commentary delves into the evolving landscape of cancer incidence and mortality in Costa Rica, presenting a comprehensive analysis of the data. Key findings reveal a concerning upward trajectory in cancer incidence rates, placing Costa Rica at the forefront within Central America. While prostate cancer and breast cancer dominate, disparities emerge when scrutinizing gender-specific trends. Notably, stomach and cervical cancers show declines, potentially attributed to targeted interventions. However, colorectal and liver cancers witness mortality increases, necessitating strategic responses. Geographical disparities persist across provinces, highlighting the need for equitable healthcare access. In conclusion, this commentary underscores the urgency of addressing the burgeoning cancer burden in Costa Rica, calling for evidence-based interventions and collaborative efforts on a global scale.

Gender disparities and woman-specific trends in Barrett’s esophagus in the United States:An 11-year nationwide populationbased study

BACKGROUND Barrett's esophagus(BE)is a known premalignant precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC).The prevalence rates continue to rise in the United States,but many patients who are at risk of EAC are not screened.Current practice guidelines include male gender as a predisposing factor for BE and EAC.The population-based clinical evidence regarding female gender remains limited.AIM To study comparative trends of gender disparities in patients with BE in the United States.METHODS A nationwide retrospective study was conducted using the 2009-2019 National Inpatient Sample(NIS)database.Patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis code of BE were identified.The major outcome of interest was determining the gender disparities in patients with BE.Trend analysis for respective outcomes for females was also reported to ascertain any time-based shifts.RESULTS We identified 1204190 patients with BE for the study period.Among the included patients,717439(59.6%)were men and 486751(40.4%)were women.The mean age was higher in women than in men(67.1±0.4 vs 66.6±0.3 years,P<0.001).The rate of BE per 100000 total NIS hospitalizations for males increased from 144.6 in 2009 to 213.4 in 2019(P<0.001).The rate for females increased from 96.8 in 2009 to 148.7 in 2019(P<0.001).There was a higher frequency of obesity among women compared to men(17.4%vs 12.6%,P<0.001).Obesity prevalence among females increased from 12.3%in 2009 to 21.9%in 2019(P<0.001).A lower prevalence of smoking was noted in women than in men(20.8%vs 35.7%,P<0.001).However,trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of smoking among women,from 12.9%in 2009 to 30.7%in 2019(P<0.001).Additionally,there was a lower prevalence of alcohol abuse,Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori),and diabetes mellitus among females than males(P<0.001).Trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of alcohol use disorder and a decreasing prevalence of H.pylori and diabetes mellitus among women(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The prevalence of BE among women has steadily increased from 2009 to 2019.The existing knowledge concerning BE development has historically focused on men,but our findings show that the risk in women is not insignificant.

Esophageal cancer global burden profiles, trends, and contributors

Objective:This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the global burden of esophageal cancer(EC)and determine the temporal trends and factors influencing changes in the global burden.Methods:The latest incidence and mortality data for EC worldwide were obtained from GLOBALCAN 2022.The mortality and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)rates for EC from 1990±2019 were sourced from the 2019 Global Burden of Diseases.Trends in EC mortality and DALYs attributable to 11 risk factors or clusters of risk were analyzed using the joinpoint regression model.The trends in age-related EC burden were assessed using a decomposition approach.Results:An estimated 511,054 new cases of EC were diagnosed in 2022 with 445,391 deaths worldwide.Approximately 75%of cases and deaths occurred in Asia.Nearly 50%of global EC deaths and DALYs were attributed to tobacco use in men in 2019,while 20%were attributed to high body mass index(BMI)in women.From 1990±2019,EC deaths and DALYs attributable to almost all risk factors had declining trends,while EC deaths and DALYs attributed to high BMI in men had upward trends.The age-related EC burden exhibited an upward trend driven by population growth and aging,which contributed to 307.4 thousand deaths and 7.2 million DALYs due to EC.Conclusions:The EC burden remains substantial worldwide.Effective tobacco and obesity control measures are critical for addressing the risk-attributable burden of EC.Population growth and aging pose challenges for EC prevention and control efforts.

Cancer burden in China:trends,risk factors and prevention

As the most populous country in the world,China has made strides in health promotion in the past few decades.With the aging population,the burden of cancer in China continues to grow.Changes in risk factors for cancer,especially diet,obesity,diabetes,and air pollution,continue to fuel the shift of cancer transition in China.The burden of upper gastrointestinal cancer in China is decreasing,but still heavy.The rising burden of colorectal,prostate,and breast cancers is also significant.Lung cancer became the top cause of cancer-related deaths,together with smoking as the most important contributor to cancer deaths.The Chinese government has taken several approaches to control cancer and cancer-related risk factors.Many achievements have been made,but some challenges remain.Health China 2030 is ambitious and depicts a bright vision of the future for cancer control in China.The decrease in the cancer burden in China will require cross-sector collaboration and coordinated efforts on primary and secondary preventions by governments,public health organizations,and individuals.In this review,we describe the trends of cancer burden and discuss cancer-related risk factors in China,identifying strategies to reduce the burden of cancer in China.

Detailed seismic risk analysis of electrical substation equipment using a reliability based approach

This paper proposes a risk analysis framework for substation structures based on reliability methods.Even though several risk assessment approaches have been developed for buildings,detailed risk analysis procedures for infrastructure components have been lacking in prior studies.The proposed framework is showcased by its application to a system of interconnected structures at a power substation in Tehran.Finite element models of structures are developed and validated in accordance with previous experiments.The uncertainties in the material,mass,and geometric properties of structures are described by random variables that are input to the finite element model.An artificial ground motion model is employed to comprehensively consider uncertainty in ground motion.Monte Carlo sampling is subsequently conducted on the library of probabilistic models.The analysis resulted in the loss distribution in the life cycle of structures.Additionally,the loss associated with six earthquake scenarios having specific magnitudes and return periods is computed.The application provides insight into the most vulnerable equipment in the considered system.Furthermore,introduced risk measures can guide stakeholders to make risk-based decisions to optimize design or prioritize a retrofit of infrastructure components under conditions of uncertainty.

Pancreatic cancer:A review of epidemiology,trend,and risk factors

Despite rapid advances in modern medical technology and significant improvements in survival rates of many cancers,pancreatic cancer is still a highly lethal gastrointestinal cancer with a low 5-year survival rate and difficulty in early detection.At present,the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer are increasing year by year worldwide,no matter in the United States,Europe,Japan,or China.Globally,the incidence of pancreatic cancer is projected to increase to 18.6 per 100000 in 2050,with the average annual growth of 1.1%,meaning that pancreatic cancer will pose a significant public health burden.Due to the special anatomical location of the pancreas,the development of pancreatic cancer is usually diagnosed at a late stage with obvious clinical symptoms.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors for pancreatic cancer is of great clinical significance for effective prevention of pancreatic cancer.In this paper,the epidemiological characteristics,developmental trends,and risk factors of pancreatic cancer are reviewed and analyzed in detail.

Trends and risk factors of lung cancer in China

China is faced with heavy burdens caused by lung cancer,which has climbed to the top of both cancer incidence and mortality spectrums.The age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality have shown a trend of gradual uptrends in the last decades,while the crude rates rise much quickly due to the aging of population.Although the improvement in health care has contributed to better survival of lung cancer,its prognosis is still challenging.Apart from the common risk factors such as tobacco use,air pollution,and occupational hazards,some specific factors like Chinese-style cooking also have posed great threats to human health.In light of such national conditions,specific interventions should be conducted to curb the burden of lung cancer including smoking cessation,improvement of air quality,early detection and effective treatment of lung cancer.

Cancer risk and key components of metabolic syndrome：a population-based prospective cohort study in Chinese

Background The key components of metabolic syndrome （MS） are waist circumference,blood pressure,fast blood glucose,high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-c） and triglycerides （TG）.These components have,separately and jointly,been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.In this study,we aimed to explore the association between MS components and cancer risk in a population-based cohort in China.Methods We established a population-based cohort with 17 779 individuals aged 35 and above at baseline in 2004 and 2005 in Changzhou,Jiangsu Province,China.All participants were face-to-face interviewed to complete a questionnaire and were accepted physical examinations including blood tests for glucose and lipids and physical measurements for obesity and blood pressure.In 2009,a total of 16 284 subjects （6886 men and 9398 women,91.6%） attended the flow-up interviews and the participants or their family members reported all the hospitalizations and diseases including cancer occurred during the follow-up period.Multivariate Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios （HRs） of metabolic syndrome components and cancer incidence.Results There was a dose-response association between cancer risk and the number of MS components presented at baseline （P for trend=0.012） and the HR （95% confidence interval （CI）） was 2.63 （1.27-5.45） for subjects carrying 3 or more metabolic syndrome components after adjustment for possible confounding factors.Specifically,the multivariate-adjusted HRs （95% CIs） for cancer risk in subjects with central obesity,high fasting glucose,low HDL-c were 1.94 （1.01-3.74）,2.04 （1.10-3.77） and 2.05 （1.09-3.88）,respectively.Conclusions In this population-based,prospective cohort study in China,we found MS components,e.g.,central obesity,high fasting glucose,low HDL-c were risk factors for cancer development.Early intervention of MS components may be also beneficial to reduce cancer burden.

A Systematic Analysis of Systems Approach and Flood Risk Management Research:Trends,Gaps,and Opportunities

Flooding is a global threat,necessitating a comprehensive management approach.Due to the complexity of managing flood hazards and risks,researchers have advocated for holistic,comprehensive,and integrated approaches.This study,employing a systems thinking perspective,assessed global flood risk management research trends,gaps,and opportunities using132 published documents in BibTeX format.A systematic review of downloaded documents from the Scopus and Web of Science databases revealed slow progress of approximately 11.61% annual growth in applying systems thinking and its concomitant approaches to understanding global flood risk management over the past two decades compared to other fields like water resource management and business management systems.A significant gap exists in the application of systems thinking methodologies to flood risk management research between developed and developing countries,particularly in Africa,highlighting the urgency of reoriented research and policy efforts.The application gaps of the study methodology are linked to challenges outlined in existing literature,such as issues related to technical expertise and resource constraints.This study advocates a shift from linear to holistic approaches in flood risk management,aligned with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2023 and the Sustainable Development Goals.Collaboration among researchers,institutions,and countries is essential to address this global challenge effectively.

Early-onset and later-onset cancer:trends,risk factors,and prevention in Northern China

The characteristics of early-onset(onset age<50 years)and later-onset(onset age≥50 years)cancers differ significantly.Identifying novel risk factors for both types of cancer is crucial for increasing awareness of cancer prevention and for reducing its burden.This study aimed to analyze the trends in incidence and risk factors for early-onset and late-onset cancers.We conducted a prospective study by drawing data from the Kailuan Study.This study included 6,741 participants with cancer(624 with early-onset cancer and 6,117 with later-onset cancer)and 6,780 matched controls among the 186,249 participants who underwent Kailuan health examinations from 2006 to 2019.The primary outcomes were cancer incidence rates,and associated risk factors for early-and later-onset cancer.Weighted Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of each exposure factor for early-and later-onset cancer by cancer type.Populationattributable risk proportions were used to estimate the number of cases that could be prevented by eliminating a risk factor from the population.Except for liver cancer,incidence rates for nearly all types of cancer increased during the study period.Smoking,alcohol consumption,lipid metabolism disorders,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,fatty liver,and inflammation were associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer at multiple sites,but risk factors for cancer incidence differed by site.Smoking,alcohol consumption,inflammation,and hypertension were the major contributors to preventable cancer.The incidence of several different types of cancer,including earlyonset cancer,is increasing in northeastern China.Differences in risk factors between early-onset and later-onset malignancies may contribute to the divergence in the observed changes in incidence trends between these two specific types of cancer.

Changing trends of disease burden of gastric cancer in China from 1990 to 2019 and its predictions:Findings from Global Burden of Disease Study

Objective:China is one of the countries with the heaviest burden of gastric cancer(GC)in the world.Understanding the epidemiological trends and patterns of GC in China can contribute to formulating effective prevention strategies.Methods:The data on incidence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs)of GC in China from1990 to 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study(2019).The estimated annual percentage change(EAPC)was calculated to evaluate the temporal trends of disease burden of GC,and the package Nordpred in the R program was used to perform an age-period-cohort analysis to predict the numbers and rates of incidence and mortality in the next 25 years.Results:The number of incident cases of GC increased from 317.34 thousand in 1990 to 612.82 thousand in2019,while the age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)of GC decreased from 37.56 per 100,000 in 1990 to 30.64 per 100,000 in 2019,with an EAPC of-0.41[95%confidence interval(95%CI):-0.77,-0.06].Pronounced temporal trends in mortality and DALYs of GC were observed.In the next 25 years,the numbers of new GC cases and deaths are expected to increase to 738.79 thousand and 454.80 thousand,respectively,while the rates of incidence and deaths should steadily decrease.The deaths and DALYs attributable to smoking were different for males and females.Conclusions:In China,despite the fact that the rates of GC have decreased during the past three decades,the numbers of new GC cases and deaths increased,and will continue to increase in the next 25 years.Additional strategies are needed to reduce the burden of GC,such as screening and early detection,novel treatments,and the prevention of risk factors.

Analysis on Ecological Risk in Northwest China

Based on scenario analysis method, assuming different economic develop- ment policies, and AHP method, the ecological indicators and risk prediction models were established. The trends of ecological risk in the northwest region were ana- lyzed. The results showed that： in the northwest, the potential ecological risks of the population economy, water resources, and land resources and natural disasters still existed. However, the environment and respond to ecological risks were decreasing. Therefore, a regional balanced development measures had been taken to curb the western trend of ecological deterioration. So that socio-economic development, re- sources, environment, and economy were expected to a virtuous cycle, and the eco- logical risks would be reduced. This study provides the basis for land and water use planning and environmental protection of government decision-making and management.

Secular trends of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a high endemic area:A population-based study

BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is one of the most aggressive malignancies.However,because of its scarcity there are limited population-based data available for investigations into its epidemiologic characteristics.In Taiwan,we have a national cancer registry database that can be used to evaluate the secular trends of ICC.AIM To evaluate secular trends of ICC according to age,sex,and risk factors in Taiwan.METHODS In this population-based study,we used the national Taiwan Cancer Registry database.Age-standardized and relative percent changes in incidence rates were used to describe secular trends in incidence rates and sex ratios of ICC in Taiwan.RESULTS The age-standardized ICC incidence rate among males increased from 1.51 per 100000 in 1993-1997 to 4.07 per 100000 in 2013-2017 and among female from 1.73 per 100000 to 2.95 per 100000.The incidence in females tended to plateau after 2008-2012.For males,the ICC incidence increased as age increased.In the long-term incidence trend of ICC in females,the incidence of the four age groups(40-44,45-49,50-54 and 55-59 years)remained stable in different years;although,the incidence of the 60-64 group had a peak in 2003-2007,and the peak incidence of the 65-69 and 70-74 groups occurred in 2008-2012.Among males,beginning at the age of 65,there were increases in the incidence of ICC for the period of 2003-2017 as compared with females in the period of 2003-2017.CONCLUSION Increased incidence of ICC occurred in Taiwan over the past two decades.The increased incidence has progressively shifted toward younger people for both males and females.

Econometric Analysis of Risk Preference Patterns among Smallholder Organic Producers in South Africa

The article assesses the determinants of farmers＇ decisions to participate in organic farming, eliciting farmers risk preferences and empirically analysing farmer＇s sources of risk and risk management strategies. The ordered probit results indicate that older farmers, who are less risk averse and reside in the sub-ward Ogagwini, Ezigani and Hwayi were more likely to be certified organic. Similarly, the propensity to adopt organic farming is positively correlated to household size, livestock ownership, asset base and tenure security. At higher pay-offs, farmers were intermediate to moderately risk-averse, with little variation according to personal characteristics. In general, price, production and financial risks were perceived as important sources of risk. Seven principal components, explaining 66.13% of the variation were extracted. Socio-economic factors having a significant effect on the various sources of risk were age, gender, education, location, information access and risk taking ability. The dimensions of risk strategies were named as diversification, precautionary savings and social networks. Results provide practical insights for policy changes relevant in motivating the adoption of organic practices, increasing smallholder farmers＇ capacity to manage risk and driving growth in the organic food market.

Research on Application of Enhanced Neural Networks in Software Risk Analysis

This paper puts forward a risk analysis model for software projects using enranced neural networks.The data for analysis are acquired through questionnaires from real software projects. To solve the multicollinearity in software risks, the method of principal components analysis is adopted in the model to enhance network stability.To solve uncertainty of the neural networks structure and the uncertainty of the initial weights, genetic algorithms is employed.The experimental result reveals that the precision of software risk analysis can be improved by using the erhanced neural networks model.

The Construction of Risk Management Control System for Commercial Banks： From the Perspective of the Management Team

Risk management control （RMC） system is of vital importance to firms, especially the commercial banks. However, the existing models of risk management are always built from the perspective of financial regulators and neglect the practicability within the organization. In order to better facilitate the enterprise risk management （ERM）, this paper is trying to construct a new framework of RMC system from the standpoint of the management team. The foundations of our design are COSO ERM report, as well as multi-disciplinary theories and methods, such as economy, psychology, and behavior. We establish a three-component RMC system for commercial banks, which include setting RMC standards, monitoring RMC execution, and rewarding results from standards execution. Then, we introduce an extended three-factor RMC system model. This system and its extended framework are meaningful and referential for both theory and practice of commercial banks＇ risk management.

Twenty-year trends in major cardiovascular risk factors in hospitalized patients with acute myocardial infarction in Beijing

Background Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia and current smoking are the strongest modifiable cardiovascular risk factors for acute myocardial infarction （AMI）. We examined their changing trends over the last 20 years. Methods The clinical data of 3498 patients hospitalized in Peking University People＇s Hospital with AMI from 1991 to 2010 were used. Information was collected regarding to patients＇ demographic data, cardiovascular risk factors （hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and current smoking）. To assess trends over time in the prevalence of risk factors, we categorized patients into four groups （1991 to 1995, 1996 to 2000, 2001 to 2005 and 2006 to 2010）. Results Highly significant increases were observed in the prevalence of hypertension from 40.8% to 55.6% for males and from 58.0% to 69.0% for females; and diabetes mellitus from 12.9% to 30.8% for males and from 23.0% to 42.3% for females. Similarly, the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia decreased from 53.1% to 30.7% for males and from 57.0% to 44.0% for females. The prevalence of current smoking decreased in females from 29.0% to 11.1%, but remained unchanged in males. In addition, the proportion of patients with more than three modifiable risk factors increased from 19.0% to 27.1% and the age at onset of AMI extended to younger as well as older individuals. Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus are still increasing in patients with AMI in Beijing and although the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia and current smoking decreased, high clustering of risk factors were commonly present. These adverse trends show a compelling need for more effective management of cardiovascular risk factors.