Background:Traffic incidents are still a major contributor to hospital admissions and trauma-related mortality.The aim of this nationwide study was to examine risk-adjusted traffic injury mortality to determine whethe...Background:Traffic incidents are still a major contributor to hospital admissions and trauma-related mortality.The aim of this nationwide study was to examine risk-adjusted traffic injury mortality to determine whether hospital type was an independent survival factor.Methods:Data on all patients admitted to Swedish hospitals with traffic-related injuries,based on International Classification of Diseases codes,between 2001 and 2011 were extracted from the Swedish inpatient and cause of death registries.Using the binary outcome measure of death or survival,data were analysed using logistic regression,adjusting for age,sex,comorbidity,severity of injury and hospital type.The severity of injury was established using the International Classification of Diseases Injury Severity Score(ICISS).Results:The final study population consisted of 152,693 hospital admissions.Young individuals(0–25 years of age)were overrepresented,accounting for 41%of traffic-related injuries.Men were overrepresented in all age categories.Fatalities at university hospitals had the lowest mean(SD)ICISS 0.68(0.19).Regional and county hospitals had mean ICISS 0.75(0.15)and 0.77(0.15),respectively,for fatal traffic incidents.The crude overall mortality in the study population was 1193,with a mean ICISS 0.72(0.17).Fatalities at university hospitals had the lowest mean ICISS 0.68(0.19).Regional and county hospitals had mean ICISS 0.75(0.15)and 0.77(0.15),respectively,for fatal traffic incidents.When regional and county hospitals were merged into one group and its risk-adjusted mortality compared with university hospitals,no significant difference was found.A comparison between hospital groups with the most severely injured patients(ICISS0.85)also did not show a significant difference(odds ratio,1.13;95%confidence interval,0.97–1.32).Conclusions:This study shows that,in Sweden,the type of hospital does not influence risk adjusted traffic related mortality,where the most severely injured patients are transported to the university hospitals and centralization of treatment is common.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the risk-adjusted two-stage stochastic facility location problem with penalties(RSFLPP).Using the monotonicity and positive homogeneity of the risk measure function,we present an LP-roundin...In this paper,we consider the risk-adjusted two-stage stochastic facility location problem with penalties(RSFLPP).Using the monotonicity and positive homogeneity of the risk measure function,we present an LP-rounding-based 6-approximation algorithm.展开更多
This paper examines the role of innovation in firm performance by drawing empirical evidence from the capital market. The current study analyzes risk premiums and risk-adjusted excess returns of a portfolio of the mos...This paper examines the role of innovation in firm performance by drawing empirical evidence from the capital market. The current study analyzes risk premiums and risk-adjusted excess returns of a portfolio of the most innovative firms in the US from 2006 to 2010. The results show that average risk premiums of an equal-weighted portfolio of the most innovative finns in the US are economically larger than the CRSP2 value-weighted index risk premiums four years in a row from 2006 to 2009 and are economically greater than the standard and poor （S＆P） 500 index risk premiums from 2006 to 2010. The portfolio exhibits average statistically significant and positive risk-adjusted excess returns for the 3-year and 5-year holding period intervals. The findings serve as evidence of the favorable role of innovation in firm performance.展开更多
基金supported by the Carnegie Foundation and the RegionÖstergötland together with Linköping University.
文摘Background:Traffic incidents are still a major contributor to hospital admissions and trauma-related mortality.The aim of this nationwide study was to examine risk-adjusted traffic injury mortality to determine whether hospital type was an independent survival factor.Methods:Data on all patients admitted to Swedish hospitals with traffic-related injuries,based on International Classification of Diseases codes,between 2001 and 2011 were extracted from the Swedish inpatient and cause of death registries.Using the binary outcome measure of death or survival,data were analysed using logistic regression,adjusting for age,sex,comorbidity,severity of injury and hospital type.The severity of injury was established using the International Classification of Diseases Injury Severity Score(ICISS).Results:The final study population consisted of 152,693 hospital admissions.Young individuals(0–25 years of age)were overrepresented,accounting for 41%of traffic-related injuries.Men were overrepresented in all age categories.Fatalities at university hospitals had the lowest mean(SD)ICISS 0.68(0.19).Regional and county hospitals had mean ICISS 0.75(0.15)and 0.77(0.15),respectively,for fatal traffic incidents.The crude overall mortality in the study population was 1193,with a mean ICISS 0.72(0.17).Fatalities at university hospitals had the lowest mean ICISS 0.68(0.19).Regional and county hospitals had mean ICISS 0.75(0.15)and 0.77(0.15),respectively,for fatal traffic incidents.When regional and county hospitals were merged into one group and its risk-adjusted mortality compared with university hospitals,no significant difference was found.A comparison between hospital groups with the most severely injured patients(ICISS0.85)also did not show a significant difference(odds ratio,1.13;95%confidence interval,0.97–1.32).Conclusions:This study shows that,in Sweden,the type of hospital does not influence risk adjusted traffic related mortality,where the most severely injured patients are transported to the university hospitals and centralization of treatment is common.
基金This work was supported by Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education(No.KM201210005033)and China Scholarship CouncilThe authors would like to thank the two anonymous referees for many helpful suggestions.
文摘In this paper,we consider the risk-adjusted two-stage stochastic facility location problem with penalties(RSFLPP).Using the monotonicity and positive homogeneity of the risk measure function,we present an LP-rounding-based 6-approximation algorithm.
文摘This paper examines the role of innovation in firm performance by drawing empirical evidence from the capital market. The current study analyzes risk premiums and risk-adjusted excess returns of a portfolio of the most innovative firms in the US from 2006 to 2010. The results show that average risk premiums of an equal-weighted portfolio of the most innovative finns in the US are economically larger than the CRSP2 value-weighted index risk premiums four years in a row from 2006 to 2009 and are economically greater than the standard and poor （S＆P） 500 index risk premiums from 2006 to 2010. The portfolio exhibits average statistically significant and positive risk-adjusted excess returns for the 3-year and 5-year holding period intervals. The findings serve as evidence of the favorable role of innovation in firm performance.
