Empirical Research on the Credit Demand and Credit Behavior of Small and Micro Enterprises

This article uses discriminant sampling method to select 1062 small and micro enterprises from 25 provinces in China. Researches were conducted on their credit demand and credit behavior, with the Probit model to carry out metrologic tests on influential factors of these enterprises' credit demand and credit behavior.The metrologic analysis shows: Literacy level of leader, asset size, annual revenue of the enterprises have significantly positive effects on the credit demand of these small and micro enterprises. Annual revenue has significantly negative influence on overall credit behavior and the occurrence of informal financial behavior, but significantly positive influence on the occurrence of formal financial behavior. Literacy level of staff and asset size of enterprises have significantly positive influence on the occurrence of the overall credit behavior of small and micro enterprises.

Development of a Self-Assessment Questionnaire for Nurses’ Risk-Taking Behavior in Medication

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prepare a self-assessment questionnaire for nurses’ risk-taking behavior (RTB) in medication and to develop a reliable and valid questionnaire. Method: In the first study, a draft of the self-evaluation questionnaire for nurses’ RTB in medication was prepared based on the literature study and qualitative analysis of important case information included in the Project to Collect Medical Near-miss/Adverse Event Information Annual Report of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Following the studies, face validity was confirmed, and a questionnaire survey was conducted for nurses who oversee medication nationwide to verify the reliability and validity. Result: The number of subjects was 586 (valid response rate: 94.1%). Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis showed that 4 factors and 12 items for the RTBs in daily life and 4 factors and 20 items for RTBs in medication could be extracted. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the fit of the hypothetical model obtained by exploratory factor analysis. In addition, Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.888. Thus, high reliability and validity were obtained. A correlation was found by comparing the total scores of each RTB factor with the incident/accident group, and a standard for self-evaluation value could be established (p < 0.01). Conclusions: We were able to develop a self-assessment questionnaire for nurses’ risk-taking behavior in medication. This questionnaire will be used by nurses to find out their trends.

Based on the human capital perspective to explore the social insurance premium is influence on the behavior of enterprises to participate in social insurance

To participate in social insurance is a major social responsibility of enterprises, even it is a mandatory social policy, companies still escaped pay society insurance. The serious consequences of this phenomenon become increasingly prominent.it not only damaged the justice of labor market, but also violated the staffs interest. Various factors influence enterprise to participate in social insurance behavior .Human capital is the impact of insurance companies. This paper is mainly focusing on the theory analysis of different human capital participating behavior of enterprises. From the perspective of human capital, using the cost-benefit theory and rational choice theory in economics to explore participating behavior, enterprise employees of different human capital differences in attitude to attend social insurance. No matter enterprises with higher or lower human capital, enterprises and employees choose to participate in social insurance act consistently. But, it can improve participate of low human capital enterprise behavior when payment rate reduced. So, it is suggested that establishing a lower level of social insurance system is helpful to expand coverage, it can through e^tahllgh the sunnlementarv insurance system meet the needs of more people.

Social Enterprises’Institutional Rationale and Its Inspirations for the Modern Market Economy

This study analyzes the ways in which social enterprises contribute to society’s goals.In the new era of human development,many social problems cannot be resolved without the participation of social enterprises(SEs).The study on these enterprises is of great significance for theoretical research and practical observation.In a modern market economy,SEs have pro-social market vitality and compatibility with the market economy;their action gives a glimpse into the truth of human development.As can be seen from the socio-economic reality,numerous entrepreneurs nurture a desire to run SEs at a certain stage of their career development.The tendency of some entrepreneurs to run SEs is of great significance for this study.Social enterprises are hybrid enterprises as opposed to for-profit enterprises and SEs must address complex problems through organizational and institutional innovations.State owned enterprises(SOEs)and SEs share many topics of research and have much to learn from each other,and a key question for SOE reform is what makes SOEs efficient quasi-social enterprises.Both SOEs and SEs assume a social mandate,and their fulfillment of social responsibilities is underpinned by their economic efficiency(market competitiveness).The theoretical rationale and institutional mechanism of SEs-not least their innovation practice and formation of rules-stem from the relationship and coordination between economic and social exchanges under market-based conditions.Social enterprises focus on altruistic social exchange but need to be supported by a certain economic exchange to finance their operations.The biggest social problem for China is its failure to balance economic and social exchanges,as well as the method of reward.Research on SEs should promote the understanding of these questions and the quest for their solutions.Social enterprises may inspire more enterprises to pursue pro-social innovation and development.

Enterprise Value Valuation-BYD as an Example Based on SWOT Model and Multiple Regression Model

BYD is one of the largest new energy vehicle companies in China.Analyzing its scenario and the factors that affect its value helps to understand and identify development opportunities and potential problems.On one hand,this paper makes a qualitative analysis of BYD,using SWOT model to study the internal capability and external environment of BYD.On the other hand,the multiple regression model is used for quantitative analysis of BYD’s enterprise value,and the model is established based on three factors:enterprise fundamentals,investor behavior and psychology,and macroeconomic policy uncertainty,and the stepwise regression is carried out.The results show that the increase of institutional investors’shareholding ratio,the increase of investor sentiment index,and the increase of M2 growth rate will increase the overall enterprise value,while the increase of economic policy uncertainty will decrease the enterprise value.

The Influence of Interactive Control on Subsidiary Performance: A Mediating Role of Subsidiary Managers’ Strategic Behavior

Under the principal-agent relationship, there are two major factors that directly affect subsidiary strategy’s implementation and performance—enterprise groups’ internal interactive control and subsidiary managers’ strategic behavior. Prior research showed that the parent companies hope their subsidiary managers to be obedient and active, i.e. to keep a high degree of strategic identity and subsidiary initiative. We build and analyze a model to test the mediating role of strategic identity and subsidiary initiative based on data collected from Chinese groups. The results show that interactive control, strategic identity and subsidiary initiative all could improve subsidiary performance, furthermore, subsidiary initiative is a mediator between decision-making decentralization and subsidiary performance, and also a mediator between horizontal communication and subsidiary performance, the mediating role of strategic identity is not tested, but vertical communication can improve strategic identity. In the conclusions, we provide guidance on how parent companies to choose excellent subsidiary managers, and then how to develop a suite interactive control system.

现代学徒制视域下企业参与动机、行为及收益的影响机制及效应研究

深入探讨企业参与现代学徒制动机、行为及收益之间的作用机制,对更好地开展具有中国特色现代学徒制意义重大。基于对浙江省97家参与学徒制合作企业开展的结构性访谈和问卷调查,在明确企业参与现代学徒制动机、行为及收益观测指标的基础上构建了相应的假设关系模型,并采用AMOS软件对三者的关系进行模型拟合。研究结果显示:企业参与现代学徒制动机对采取的行为及收益均有着显著的正向影响;企业行为对收益以及在“动机—收益”间的中介效应不够显著;“动机—行为—收益”间的作用关系在企业规模、所有权性质、所属行业以及科研&技术人员占比等方面表现出异质性。对此建议,进一步提升企业参与现代学徒制的积极性,一要强化制度保障,增加企业的参与收益;二要增强校企交流,提高校企合作匹配度;三要完善合作机制,提升学徒培养质量。

企业社交媒体使用与员工行为及心理结果间关系的元分析

作为一种内部沟通与协作的工具,企业社交媒体的使用如何影响员工绩效、工作满意度和工作/生活冲突等一直是企业界与学术界关注的焦点,但相关研究并未得到一致的结论。本文采用元分析方法,基于自2006年“企业2.0”的概念被提出到2021年6月间的54篇中英文实证研究文献,探究企业社交媒体使用对员工任务绩效、创新绩效、工作满意度、工作投入、组织承诺、工作/生活冲突及情绪耗竭这些行为与心理结果变量的影响及其中潜在的调节变量。元分析结果显示:(1)企业社交媒体使用与员工的任务绩效和创新绩效分别有中等强度和高度的正相关关系;(2)企业社交媒体使用与员工的工作满意度、工作投入、组织承诺、工作/生活冲突和情绪耗竭有弱正相关关系;(3)员工使用企业社交媒体的目的是调节企业社交媒体的使用与员工个体结果关系的关键变量,社交媒体类型、国家地域文化和员工职位也会对变量间的关系具有不同程度的调节作用。本文结论对调和以往不一致的研究结果、全面认识企业社交媒体使用行为对员工行为和心理结果变量的影响机理、科学制定企业社交媒体管理决策具有重要意义。

经营投资问责能否提升国有企业投资效率?

建立健全经营投资问责制度是新时期深化国有企业改革的关键举措,对有效防止国有资产流失和实现国有企业高质量发展至关重要。文章基于各地区违规经营投资责任追究工作相继实施的制度背景,通过构建多期双重差分模型来实证考察经营投资问责对国有企业投资效率的具体影响和内在机制。研究发现,经营投资问责能显著提升国有企业投资效率,且主要表现为抑制过度投资;机制分析发现,经营投资问责既能通过治理效应减少管理层机会主义行为,又可以发挥信息效应提升国有企业信息透明度,进而抑制国有企业非效率投资行为;异质性分析表明,经营投资问责对国有企业投资效率的提升作用在地方国有企业、商业竞争类及党组织治理嵌入度高的样本中更为显著;此外,经营投资问责通过改善国有企业投资效率,提升了国有企业价值和实现了国有资产保值增值。研究结论不仅为经营投资问责制度的实施提供了直接的经验证据,也对进一步深化我国国有企业改革,推进新时代国有企业治理体系建设具有重要政策启示。

企业数据的知识产权保护

企业数据和知识产权的客体之间存有共性。二者的保护基础理论相互融通,并且企业数据权利与知识产权权利结构相近似,这为企业数据的知识产权保护奠定了基础。检视现有知识产权制度框架下保护模式的有限性以识别现有制度与企业数据保护问题之间真正无法重合的地带。构建和完善企业数据保护规则须对企业数据进行类型化结构,基于类型化区分和场景化差异探寻不同保护路径。从解释论角度而言,对于无法纳入既有法定权利范畴的企业数据权益,适用《反不正当竞争法》一般条款规制未被类型化权益,关键在于客观审查数据使用行为是否违反商业道德。从立法论角度而言,可参照知识产权的行为规制赋权化路径,将规制焦点建立在对企业数据的利用行为上,对利用行为进行类型化提炼,建构一种以禁止权和报酬权为核心的不完满的控制权和有限度的排他权。

动力机制、战略行为与后发企业生态位跃迁——基于光伏企业的纵向案例研究

借鉴战略生态位、企业动态能力理论,基于“动力机制—战略行为—生态位能力”逻辑链路,以光伏企业为对象,采用扎根理论方法、探索性多案例研究方法,构建整合性理论框架模型。依据研究框架,剖析了天合光能、隆基绿能、协鑫集团三家典型光伏企业从生态位创建、扩张到成熟阶段实现生态位跃迁的动力机制、战略行为及生态位能力演进轨迹。通过各级编码提炼归纳,得出后发企业生态位跃迁的演变路径。研究发现:(1)后发企业生态位提升的动力机制表现为“创新要素驱动机制—转型升级动力机制—战略导向驱动机制”的演变过程。(2)创新战略范式经过了“基于需求搜寻的跟随者战略—基于市场开拓的探索者战略—基于领先创新的技术推动者战略”的演化过程。(3)生态位能力的积累和提升形成了“应用型渐进式动态能力—探索型突破式动态能力—颠覆型协同创新能力”的演化路径。据上,提出了中国光伏后发企业基于动力机制、战略行为、核心能力演化共同促进生态位跃迁的路径模型。该研究的理论贡献在于拓展了后发企业战略演进及战略范式转换的理论范畴,为通过生态位创新打破路径依赖锁定推动可再生能源企业追赶、超越提供了理论支撑和实践指导。

多层次网络嵌入与众创空间创新绩效的关系——基于双元创新行为的中介模型分析

众创空间企业小而新、资源和能力有限,要取得更多更好的创新绩效,嵌入外部网络已成为其必然选择,但有关影响机制的“黑箱”并未完全打开;而且,为使用、提炼已有知识和技术提升现有技术、产品/服务、过程、结构以巩固现有市场的利用创新行为和拓展或突破原有技术、知识形成新技术和新知识以满足新市场的探索创新行为(以下简称“双元创新行为”),在企业网络嵌入与创新绩效之间的中介效应仍未明晰。为此,基于网络嵌入理论和知识创新理论,构建“多层次网络嵌入—双元创新行为—众创空间创新绩效”模型,运用结构方程模型和Bootstrap方法对福建省306家众创空间中小企业的调查数据进行实证检验,分别考察关系嵌入、结构嵌入、知识嵌入是否通过引发双元创新行为对众创空间创新绩效产生影响,同时检验3种网络嵌入的组合效应。结果表明:关系嵌入、结构嵌入、知识嵌入对众创空间创新绩效均有显著的正向影响;双元创新行为在多层网络嵌入和众创空间创新绩效中的链式中介作用存在较大的差异,其中在关系嵌入与创新绩效间的链式中介效应显著,在结构嵌入与创新绩效间发挥并行中介作用;关系嵌入和知识嵌入存在叠加效应,而结构嵌入和知识嵌入存在抵消效应。可见,在众创空间中,具有关系嵌入和知识嵌入优势的企业在网络中具有更高的信任度、更紧密的关系和更丰富的知识资源。因此,企业应关注网络嵌入状态的协同效应以及知识嵌入状态,并根据网络嵌入状态选择合适的创新行为,以实现创新绩效的明显改善。

政策感知、创新态度与小微企业经营者创新行为的关系——以旅游经营者为例

创新是小微企业生存和发展的力量源泉。政府发布了一系列政策促进小微企业创新,但仍存在政策失效的情况,其内在机制亟待解释。从政策研究的微观视角出发,以旅游经营者为例,基于政策接受模型和价值态度行为模型,探讨小微企业经营者政策感知与其创新行为间的关系,以创新态度为中介变量,引入政策信任和创新自我效能感为调节变量并进行实证分析。结果表明:旅游经营者的政策感知正向影响其创新行为,创新态度在其中具有部分中介作用;旅游经营者的政策信任正向调节其政策感知和创新行为的关系;旅游经营者的创新自我效能感正向调节其政策感知与创新行为、创新态度与创新行为间的关系。研究阐释了政策感知和小微企业经营者创新行为之间的内在机制,为政策制定和有效落地提供理论依据。

基于VOSviewer的企业绿色专利行为研究现状

随着国家对绿色创新发展的愈发重视,企业绿色专利行为也受到了学界更多的关注。从供给侧和需求侧的角度出发,将企业绿色专利行为划分为生产行为与消费行为进行概念分析,并运用VOSviewer软件筛选了国内知网数据库相关文献进行可视化计量研究。结果表明,当前企业绿色专利生产行为是学界研究的热点,且呈现高速发展的趋势,研究热点主要围绕内外部的影响因素展开,如环境规制、融资约束、绿色金融、数字化等,但学者间的合作较少;对企业绿色专利消费行为的研究则处于缓慢起步阶段,学界关注度极低,研究层次少,主要围绕绿色技术转移、绿色专利交易等展开。鉴于此,未来应加强对企业绿色专利行为的综合研究,加大对绿色专利再配置与绿色专利交易市场的相关讨论。

架起政府与市场的桥梁:地方国企的“经纪”行为

地方国企在国民经济体系中占据着举足轻重的地位,其在中国经济发展中的行为备受瞩目。在国家级开发区的发展案例中发现,地方国企展现出桥接地方政府和市场主体的“经纪”行为。地方国企代理着地方政府和市场主体的双重利益,桥接了地方政府和市场主体。在这之中,地方国企表现出举荐可靠项目、激发致富渴望、监督履行承诺、增进政商沟通等“经纪”行为,为地方政府和市场主体架起了一座桥梁,促进了双方利益整合。地方国企的“经纪”行为之所以奏效,归功于地方国企在地方政府和市场主体之间建立起信任,赋予双方对彼此的主观确定性,从而改变了限制和机会。地方国企也从中谋求到更多的发展机遇。归根结底,地方国企所呈现的“经纪”行为填补了既有制度下连接地方政府与市场主体的真空。地方国企的“经纪”行为为理解其在中国经济发展中的作用提供了新的解释。这一非正式的桥接机制在一定程度上帮助地方政府和市场主体克服了不确定性难题。

中小微企业领导韧性赋能团队创新的心源动力机制———基于愿景沟通与团队行为意向

基于社会信息处理理论,建立“韧性领导的社会信息处理过程-团队互动过程”分析框架,揭示韧性领导赋能团队创新的作用机制。对643个中小微企业的团队领导调查研究发现,领导韧性直接正向影响团队的综合创新绩效,并且相较于结果性创新(产品创新及市场创新),更可能影响潜在创新绩效(战略创新、行为创新、过程创新)。机制检验发现,团队行为意向在领导韧性和综合创新绩效之间发挥中介作用,愿景沟通则在领导韧性和团队行为意向之间具有中介作用。就组织环境而言,信任逆境和目标一致性逆境加强了领导韧性与愿景沟通的联系。上述结论揭示了领导韧性作用于团队创新的社会信息处理过程和情感激发过程,这一心源动力机制对促进中小微企业的创新发展具有重要意义。

打造生育友好型企业:人口负增长背景下孩子年龄与员工职场行为的关系研究

为了从企业的角度探讨如何打造生育友好环境,通过问卷调研,使用103份员工-领导配对数据分析拥有独生子女员工的家庭动机与职场行为之间的关系。研究结果表明,家庭动机正向影响员工主动行为,负向影响退缩行为,员工职业角色承诺不仅调节孩子年龄和员工家庭动机之间的关系,也调节孩子年龄通过家庭动机对员工主动行为和退缩行为的间接影响。职业角色承诺低时,员工家庭动机的中介效应显著。不仅拓展了对家庭动机的前因和家庭-工作促进的研究,同时证明孩子与事业可以两全,对于营造生育友好的企业环境具有重要启示。

民企反腐的行动逻辑:基于“诱因-需求-注意力-行为”框架的分析

清廉中国建设离不开民企的深入参与。近年,我国部分民企开始采取有效措施治理自身的腐败问题,这意味着民企正在成为重要的反腐力量。然而,现有研究较少关注民企自发性反腐背后的深层归因。将民企反腐细分为反内权腐败和反外权腐败,建构“诱因-需求-注意力-行为”框架,对民企反腐的行动逻辑进行理论阐释。研究发现,组织分权程度通过刺激民企的经济利益需求,对民企反内权腐败产生正向影响,但对反外权腐败的影响不显著。制度压力打破了合法性需求的平衡,对两种反腐行为产生正向影响。民企主要负责人正义观通过刺激道德需求,影响民企的两种反腐行为。民企主要负责人反腐注意力在各诱因与民企反腐行为之间起到中介作用。为进一步推进民企廉洁建设实践,政府可提供廉洁建设公共服务,降低民企反腐成本;重塑全社会的互惠和信任机制,建立公平竞争的市场环境;健全法律制度体系,打造廉洁文化,激发民企反腐败的协同行动力;加强对民企高管的道德教育。

创新行为模式转型赋能共享价值目标过程:一项多案例研究

已有研究较多关注企业创新行为,且将创新行为视为同质化创新实践,难以解释企业多样化创新行为选择及绩效差异。通过对两家社会导向性企业进行案例分析发现:①企业仅采取技术创新或社会创新行为模式不能为其带来高绩效;②社会创新导向企业经历初始期、转型期两个阶段,对比两阶段创新行为发现,企业经历由单一模式向双重模式转型,各阶段价值创造分别呈现单一价值追求、价值目标重构和共享价值追求逻辑。构建企业创新行为模式转型实现共享价值的总体分析框架,解析社会导向型企业的创新行为转型过程,探究外部社会需求在各阶段转型过程中的驱动作用,使企业与外部利益相关者协同演化创新理论在企业创新行为模式转型领域得到深化和拓展,研究结论对于赋能共享价值创造具有一定启发意义。

国有非控股股东对民营企业价值创造的影响研究

根据创造共享价值理论中企业经济和社会价值的双重内涵,将国有非控股股东增强民营企业终极控制人的经济价值创造效用、社会价值创造努力以及资源掏空成本,引入终极控制人最优效用函数,并通过实证分析检验理论假设,为混合所有制改革背景下,更加有效发挥国有股权积极作用的政策制定提供借鉴。理论推导与实证结果表明:国有股东委派能够增强终极控制人对目标公司经济价值和社会价值的提升作用,不能起到协同抑制目标公司资源掏空的作用,而国有持股仅对终极控制人提升公司社会价值的努力具有促进作用;国有股东委派能够直接提升目标公司的经济价值,并减少目标公司资源被掏空,但国有持股不能产生直接影响,且国有股东在提升企业社会价值方面还需加强。