Future Development Direction of the Restoration of Mountains,Rivers,Forests,Farmlands,Lakes,and Grasslands and the Faced Problems

In this paper,the definition,connotation,and internal relationship of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes,and grasslands in China are elaborated,and the current situation of ecological restoration projects for mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes,and grasslands was introduced.Moreover,the problems that have arisen in the specific implementation process of pilot projects were analyzed,such as unclear target positioning,inaccurate analysis of ecological problems,insufficient engineering design systematicness,weak operability of evaluation standards,and weak coordination in engineering management.The development direction and major needs for the protection and restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes,and grasslands in the future have been proposed from four aspects:theoretical research,engineering design,effect evaluation,and monitoring and supervision.

Current Situation and Ideas of Protection and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems in Rivers and Lakes of China

Based on the investigation and analysis of protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystems in rivers and lakes of China, the ideas and measures of restoring aquatic ecosystems were proposed to build healthy aquatic ecosystems of rivers and lakes in China, such as setting scientific and clear goals, improving the standard adopted by wastewater treatment plants, controlling sources of pollutants and intercepting pollutants, collec- tion of blue-green algae, water transfer, dredging, reducing the quantity of blue-green algae, restoring reed wetlands on a large scale, combing dredging and base raise of restored reed wetlands, making full use of microorganisms, and implementing effective management, technology integra- tion and innovation.

Vertical Distribution Characteristic of Nitrogen in the Core Sediments of Three Rivers Estuary in Poyang Lake

The vertical profile distribution characteristics of nitrogen in core sediments of Three Rivers Estuary in Poyang Lake were studied.The results showed that TN content in core sediments ranged from 480.0 to 1 900.0 μg/g with the change of depth,which was divided into three distribution types as follows:TN content decreases gradually with the increase of depth,TN content increases gradually with the increase of depth or higher content in the middle but lower content in two ends.NH4+-N content ranged from 8.7 ...

Maintaining healthy rivers and lakes through water diversion from Yangtze River to Taihu Lake in Taihu Basin

On the basis of the Taihu water resources assessment, an analysis of the importance and rationality of the water diversion from the Yangtz,e River to Taihu Lake in solving the water problem and establishing a harmonious eco-environment in the Taihu Basin is performed. The water quantity and water quality conjunctive dispatching ＇decisi＂ofi-makifig support system, which ensures flood control, water supply and eco-aimed dispatching, is built by combining the water diversion with flood control dispatching and strengthening water resources monitoring and forecasting. With the practice and effect assessment, measures such as setting the -integrated basin management format, further developing water diversion and improving the hydraulic engineering projects system and water monitoring system are proposed in order to maintain healthy rivers and guarantee the development of the economy and society in the Taihu Basin.

Mathematical model for flood routing in Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake network

The main stream of the Yangtze River, Dongting Lake, and the river network in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River constitute a complex water system. This paper develops a one-dimensional （l-D） mathematical model for flood routing in the river network Of the Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake using the explicit finite volume method. Based on observed data during the flood periods in 1996 and 1998, the model was calibrated and validated, and the results show that the model is effective and has high accuracy. In addition, the one-dimensional mathematical model for the river network and the horizontal two-dimensional （2-D） mathematical model for the Jingjiang flood diversion area were coupled to simulate the flood process in the Jingjiang River, Dongting Lake, and the Jingjiang flood diversion area. The calculated results of the coupled model are consistent with the practical processes. Meanwhile, the results show that the flood diversion has significant effects on the decrease of the peak water level at the Shashi and Chenjiawan hydrological stations near the flood diversion gates, and the effect is more obvious in the downstream than in the upstream.

Qianjiang: A Land of Abundant Rivers and Lakes

CAO Yu is famous for having been one ofChina’s greatest contemporary dramatists, butfew people know that Qianjiang is his home-town. Similarly, the Jianghan Oilfield is knownnationally as one of China’s ten major oilfields. Whatis not widely known is that it is also located inQianjiang.

公众共用物视野下的河湖长制反思与完善

河湖资源属于公众共用物,河湖被污染、被侵占等问题实质上是公众共用物悲剧,包括质量下降和数量减少两类。以公众共用物理论为基础对河湖长制进行反思,从把握河湖资源的公众共用物属性和保障其公众共用物使用权入手,使其能够真正成为公民可主张、可实现、可保护的实然性权利,能够纠正、引导河湖治理公共行政供给和社会公共服务的方向。河湖长制实施过程中政府调控存在偏差,市场调节作用发挥不足,公众参与效果不佳。应强化河湖治理政府责任,合理设定河湖治理目标;促进水市场机制的完善,实现河湖资源效用最大化;以河湖共建共治共享为基础,推动河湖治理的公众参与范围和方式的拓展及实效的提升。

我国河湖长制政策演进与多维耦合特征研究——基于2008年以来政策文本的计量分析

河湖长制是由基层河湖治理探索逐渐演变为国家治理行为的制度创新,其政策演进离不开各级政府的引导。构建了“政策阶段政策工具—政策目标”三维分析框架,对我国2008年以来中央、国家部委和省级河湖长制131份政策文本进行了计量分析。结果表明:我国河湖长制的政策阶段经历了区域实践、全面推广、完善深化3个阶段,政策目标由侧重河湖水域空间监管转变为生态优先下的河湖综合治理,政策工具由命令控制型逐渐向市场激励型和自愿参与型倾斜,但仍以命令控制型为主导。政府在未来应推动河湖长制朝着“有能有效”演进,要优化完善政策工具达到多方协同参与,政策目标要从“治河流”到“治流域”,加快推进“河湖长制”转变为“河湖长治”。

云南省妨碍河道行洪问题排查整治实践与思考

2018年以来云南省开展了河湖“清四乱”专项行动,经过5 a时间集中清理整治,一大批影响河湖面貌的问题得到彻底解决,治理成效凸显。但河道管理范围内存量问题缺乏分类处置方式、历史遗留问题时间跨度长、责任主体不明确导致问题短时间难以解决等问题仍然突出。针对存在的突出问题,2021年云南省开展了妨碍河道行洪突出问题排查整治专项行动。文章在介绍云南省妨碍河道行洪问题排查整治开展情况、经验做法及取得的成效的基础上,指出妨碍河道行洪问题排查整治存在的问题,结合实际,针对性地提出思考和建议。

太湖流域河长制政策实施后水质改善效果评估研究

中国目前正处于推动经济绿色发展的重要阶段,河长制政策更是对水质改善起到了重要的推进作用,因此为分析太湖流域河长制政策对水质改善的效应,基于太湖流域河长制政策的准自然实验,运用双重差分模型实证。研究发现河长制政策显著提升了太湖流域内水质,并且此政策对于河水质量的影响存在明显的动态效应。异质性检验表明与经济较为发达的上海市相比,河长制政策对其他城市的水环境治理产生了更为显著的影响。机制检验结果证明河长制除能直接改善水体质量外,还可以通过产业结构优化的手段进一步促进流域内水质改善。

Rare earth elements in tropical surface water,soil and sediments of the Terengganu River Basin,Malaysia

The 14 stable rare earth element(REE) concentrations and distribution patterns were investigated for surface waters(n=51),soils(n=52) and sediments(n=42) from the tropical Terengganu River basin,Malaysia.The chondrite normalized REE patterns of soils developed on four geological units showed enrichment of LREE,a pronounced negative Eu,and depletion of HREE with an enrichment order granite>>metasedimentary>alluvium>volcanic.The REE patterns in sediments reflected the soil REE patterns with an ove...

河湖长制背景下复苏河湖生态环境路径探析

河湖长制是一项基于我国政治制度和国家治理结构而设计的重大制度创新,实施7年多来,取得了显著成效。复苏河湖生态环境是推动新阶段水利高质量发展的六条实施路径之一,不仅涉及工程技术问题,更重要的是面临着理念、制度和管理层面突破创新的挑战。在分析河湖长制制度效能的基础上,从体制机制、保护治理和制度政策3个维度探讨了复苏河湖生态环境的路径选择问题。研究建议:以河湖长制为复苏河湖生态环境的有力手段和重要的体制机制保障,将河湖长制的制度优势转化为河湖治理效能,统筹各方力量共同推进河湖保护治理;以建设幸福河湖为目标,通过系统治理、综合治理、源头治理,推动复苏河湖生态环境各项任务落实;将健全复苏河湖生态环境的制度和标准体系作为复苏河湖生态环境的政策制度路径。

Underestimated seismic hazard in the south of the Issyk-Kul Lake region (northern Tian Shan)

The Tian Shan Mountains were formed in the result of the India-Eurasia collision, which leads to cre- ation of contrast high-mountain relief and world known seismic activity. The seismic catastrophes, recorded instrumentally, have occurred to the north of the Issyk-Kul Lake region. There are also known significant earthquakes with magnitude being about 7 in western and eastern parts of the mentioned lake region. Only in the south of the Issyk-Kul depression the strong earthquakes recorded by the seismic network were not known. Our recent study in the south of the lssyk-Kul Lake region has revealed numerous active tectonic structures related to South Issyk-I（ul Fault： faults and folds, responsible for strong earthquakes＇ occurrence. These were historical and paleoseismic defornlations which led to changes in relief： fault scarps and significant rockslides. We have also found spectacular deformations in archeological monuments. All these deformations testify the location of epicentral areas of two strong historic （about llth and 16th （？） centuries AD） and paleoearthquakes （Holocene and Late Pleistocene）. Magnitude of ancient seismic events, according to parameters of the revealed fault scarps, were Ms 〉 7 and seismic intensity I 〉 IX. All revealed seismic deformations are located to adyrs （piedmonts） of the Terskey Ala-Too range bordered of the lssyk-Kul Lake depression in the south. Their formation is described by the model of a fault which rupture plane becomes shallower southward. This model is complicated by the presence of reverse thrusts. Here, we should admit the existence of a single zone of South lssyk-Kul Fault which is a long-lived feature which separates the structures with the different regime of movements during the Neotectonic time. All obtained data led us to a conclusion of significant underestimation of the seismic hazard in southern lssyk-Kul Lake region.

跨界河湖实施联合河湖长制的思考

跨界河湖治理和管护是目前河湖长制工作的重点和难点。基于传统的行政区域分段管制与河湖整体性、生态系统性存在矛盾,跨部门协同、政社协同等存在困难,提出通过联合河湖长制来协调跨界河湖治理的难题。从联合河湖长、联合河湖长制办公室、联合河湖长制运行机制等方面,探讨了实施联合河湖长制的主要内容,提出了健全组织体系、完善联合会商机制、搭建信息共享平台、加强联防联控行动、建立完善流域横向生态补偿机制等相关建议,并论述了南京都市圈、江浙沪、川渝等地在联合河湖长制创建中取得的实践进展,以期为其他地区提供经验借鉴。

河湖幸福指数——安澜之河评价研究

水安全是人民群众生存发展的最基本要求之一,是影响社会经济发展的重要因素。防洪安全是沿河人民获得和提升幸福感的基本保障。本研究分析了安澜之河与“幸福河”的关系、安澜之河的内涵,从洪涝灾害严重程度、洪涝灾害防御能力、洪涝灾害恢复能力等三方面构建了安澜之河的评价指标体系,提出了指标标准计算方法,并对全国10个水资源一级区安澜之河指标进行计算评价。结果显示,全国安澜之河总体水平已接近良好,太湖流域、黄河区、松花江区、淮河区和长江区等5个水资源一级区均高于全国水平。本次研究成果较为合理的反映了全国安澜之河的总体情况,可为水利行业开展“幸福河”建设与评估等工作提供参考。

Application of subfossil cladocerans(water fleas) in assessing ecological resilience of shallow Yangtze River floodplain lake systems(China)

Majority of shallow floodplain lake ecosystems of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River(China) have gone through serious eutrophication problems over the recent past. The severe environmental deterioration accompanied by cyanobacterial blooms have become major water resource management challenges in the region. An advanced research method is urgently needed to tackle these challenges. The concept of ecological resilience address pressing questions of non-linear dynamics, threshold effects and regime shifts in shallow floodplain lakes, and help manage the ecosystem effectively. Palaeolimnological techniques are important for assessing long term resilience and associated thresholds effects of shallow lake ecosystems. However, the lack of reliable proxy methods available, the assessment of long term ecological resilience of shallow Yangtze River lake systems has become increasingly difficult. Cladocerans(water fleas) play a central role in lacustrine food webs by responding to external drivers and internal ecosystem processes in lakes. Their subfossils are well preserved and becoming one of potential proxy indicators of lake ecosystems change for a longer time scale. This study explores the potential application of subfossil cladocerans and their ephippia in assessing a long term ecological resilience and help better management strategies of lake ecosystems and water resources of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China.

基于河湖长制的公共政策评估研究

河湖长制是我国资源环境领域的重要公共政策,是解决长期以来涉河湖复杂问题的一项重大制度创新。以河湖长制政策为评估对象,提出了基于评估需求分析和二维过程控制的公共政策评估理论框架,构建了涉及社会经济-生态环境复合系统的公共政策评估技术方法体系。研究成果可为相关领域政策评估及全面推行河湖长制决策提供参考。

幸福河湖建设评价指标体系研究

“建设造福人民的幸福河湖”成为新时期全国江河治理保护的新目标,围绕幸福河湖评价指标体系构建,各地开展了大量理论研究和实践探索。文章在2023年水利部河长办制定的《幸福河湖建设成效评估工作方案(试行)》的基础上,对近年来相关文献中建立的幸福河湖评价指标体系进行频率统计分析,筛选高频指标进行整合,利用层次分析法确定指标权重,构建了幸福河湖评价指标体系,选取河北省沁河、衡水湖评估验证了指标体系的有效性。

复苏河湖生态环境的制度创新实践及对策建议

复苏河湖生态环境是贯彻落实习近平生态文明思想和习近平总书记关于治水重要论述的生动实践,是水利高质量发展的基础保障。针对河湖生态环境存在的突出问题,我国推出一系列基于国情水情的创新性政策,建立一系列创新性制度,形成制度创新与技术创新同步推进、双轮驱动的河湖治理保护新格局,河湖面貌实现历史性改善。在深入分析复苏河湖生态环境相关制度出台背景、重点要求、实施情况、实践成效的基础上,结合当前推进河湖复苏的薄弱环节,从发展理念、强化协同和政策供给等方面提出全面推进河湖生态环境复苏的对策建议。研究表明:河湖长制、水资源刚性约束制度、地下水“双控”制度、水土保持创新制度在河湖生态环境复苏中发挥了重要作用,在实践中取得显著成效。全面推进河湖生态环境复苏,需要坚持人水和谐,树牢绿色发展理念;完善协同机制,开展流域系统治理;强化政策供给保障,建设全域幸福河湖。

《广东省河湖健康评价技术指引(2023年修订版)》解读

《广东省河湖健康评价技术指引(2023年修订版)》于2023年8月30日正式发布,为使河湖管理专业技术人员全面了解河湖健康评价内容,有侧重、有特点、高效率开展河湖健康评价工作,该文对指引修订背景、修订过程、问题查找、主要修订内容等进行了详细解读,旨在对广东省河湖健康评价工作起到一定的指导和借鉴作用,切实提高广东省河湖健康评价的工作质量和成果可靠性。