Investigation on Sinipercine Fishes in the National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Protection Area in Jinjiang River of China

[Objective]The paper was to provide a scientific basis for protection and utilization of sinipercine fish resources in Jinjiang River,the national resources protection area. [Method]A total of 171 specimens of sinipercine were collected from Jinjiang River and its branches,identified and statistically counted.[Result]There were three species of wild sinipercine,including Siniperca scherzeri,Coreoperca whiteheadi and Siniperca kneri,with occurrence frequencies of100%,66. 7% and 50%,respectively. They were common species in the river,and S. scherzeri was dominant. The total allowable catch(TAC) of the three species was not big,and the individuals captured were generally small,and with rare mature individuals. [Conclusion]The resources of sinipercine had a preliminary recovery in the region after the foundation of the national resources protection area for aquatic resources in Jinjiang River in 2009.

Protection Forest for Yangtze River

The Yangtze River is the largest river in China, about 6,300 kilometres long with a drainage area and population accounting for 18.8 percent and 33 percent respectively in China. Aiming at increasing forest and vegetation areas on the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River to control water and soil erosion, the Chinese government in 1989 decided to commence a construction project for the protection of the forest system on the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The project covers 645 counties (cities and districts) in 13 provinces,

Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Model: Case Study Based on Dongying Section of the Yellow River Basin

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to promote the improvement of urban and rural living environment and build livable and workable villages and beautiful villages. The development and challenges of rural domestic sewage treatment coexist. Based on the field investigation of 15 administrative villages in 3 districts and counties of Dongying City, there is a big gap between the development status of rural domestic sewage treatment and expectations. Investigate rural domestic sewage treatment cases in-depth, and condense four modes of primitive, developmental, mature and advanced in a variety of different rural domestic sewage treatment models for discussion, among which, the village sewage treatment work under the mature mode has achieved remarkable results, and is at the forefront of the current rural domestic sewage treatment. Through the multi-case analysis method, the practical dilemma of sewage treatment in different models of villages is summarized, and the feasible improvement path is explored, which contributes to the ecological protection and high-quality development of Dongying and the Yellow River Basin.

美国荒野风景河流体系发展阶段及其主要影响因素

荒野风景河流体系是针对河流生态系统的美国联邦层面保护地类型,也是世界上建立最早的河流保护地体系。采用文献分析和半结构式访谈等方式,以标志性事件为界点,对荒野风景河流的发展过程进行阶段划分,总结各阶段取得的重要成就,分析影响其发展的主要因素。研究表明:荒野风景河流体系发展历程可分为筹备建设、体系完善、平稳发展三个阶段,三个阶段平均增速分别为7.3、6.0、3.3段/年。在筹备阶段,提出河流保护地概念,颁布荒野风景河流法案;在体系完善期间,进一步修订荒野风景河流法案、完善荒野风景河流管理机制;在平稳发展期间,联邦机构的治理措施逐步完善。从发展历程来看,荒野保护是荒野风景河流体系产生的思想根源,满足游憩是荒野风景河流体系产生的民众需求,反坝运动是荒野风景河流体系的促成手段,政府治理是荒野风景河流体系完善的主要方面。河流保护主义者的推动,联邦政府党派交替的钳制,河流保护和经济发展之间的博弈,沿河土地权属的制约是影响荒野风景河流体系发展的主要因素。

Simulation and prediction of multi-scenario evolution of ecological space based on FLUS model: A case study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

Building the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)is one of China’s three national development policies in the new era.The ecological environment of the Yangtze River Economic Belt must be protected not only for regional economic development but also for regional ecological security and ecological progress in this region.This paper takes the ecological space of the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research object,based on land use data in 2010 and 2015,and uses the FLUS model to simulate and predict the ecological space of the research area in 2035.The variation of the research area’s ecological space area and its four sub-zones has remarkable stability under diverse situations.Both the production space priority scenarios(S1)and living space priority scenarios(S2)saw a fall in ecological space area,with the former experiencing the highest reduction(a total reduction of 25,212 km^(2)).Under the ecological space priority scenarios(S3)and comprehensive space optimization scenario(S4),the ecological space area increased,and the ecological space area expanded even more under the former scenario(a total growth of 23,648 km^(2)).In Yunnan-Guizhou,the ecological space is relatively stable,with minimal signs of change.In Sichuan-Chongqing,the Sichuan Basin,Zoige Grassland,and Longmen Mountains were significant regions of area changes in ecological space.In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,the ecological space changes mainly occur in the Wuyi Mountains,Mufu Mountains,and Dabie Mountains,as well as the surrounding waters of Dongting Lake.The Yangtze River Delta’s changes were mainly observed in the eastern Dabie Mountains and Jianghuai Hills.

《长江保护法》整体性保护规范检视——与利奥波德的生态整体主义相对照

中国第一部流域法《长江保护法》正式实施,综合性保护和整体性保护是其立法基点,体现了西方生态中心主义的整体保护主义原则。然而利奥波德提出的整体主义与《长江保护法》中贯彻的整体性保护存在质之不同。第一,前者是一种环境伦理观念,而后者是一种可实施的方法论手段;第二,前者诉诸非规范性的道德路径来实施,后者借助规范,具有明确指引且采取强制性措施去落实。《长江保护法》在实施过程中,应当接受利奥波德生态整体主义的启示,沿袭流域整体性保护的方法论,拓展自然主体的道德身份,推动长江流域整体性保护走向整体性美好。

An optimal hydropower contract load determination method considering both human and riverine ecosystem needs

In this research, a new method is developed to determine the optimal contract load for a hydropower reservoir, which is achieved by incorporating environ- mental flows into the determination process to increase hydropower revenues, while mitigating the negative impacts ofhydropower generation on riverine ecosystems. In this method, the degree of na^ral flow regime alteration is adopted as a constraint of hydropower generation to protect riverine ecosystems, and the maximization of mean annual revenue is set as the optimization objective. The contract load in each month and the associated reservoir operating parameters were simultaneously optimized by a genetic algorithm. The proposed method was applied to China＇s Wangkuai Reservoir to test its effectiveness. The new method offers two advantages over traditional studies. First, it takes into account both the economic benefits and the ecological needs of riverine systems, rather than only the economic benefits, as in previous methods. Second, although many measures have been established to mitigate the negative ecological impacts ofhydropower generation, few have been applied to the hydropower planning stage. Thus, since the contract load is an important planning parameter for hydropower generation, influencing both economic benefits and riverine ecosystem protection, this new method could provide guidelines for the establishment of river protection measures at the hydropower planning stage.

Assessment of multifunctional landscapes dynamics in the mountainous basin of the Mo River （Togo, West Africa）

In this study, historical landscape dynamics were investigated to（i） map the land use/cover types for the years 1972, 1987, 2000 and 2014;（ii） determine the types and processes of landscape dynamics; and（iii） assess the landscape fragmentation and habitat loss over time. Supervised classification of multi-temporal Landsat images was used through a pixel-based approach. Post–classification methods included systematic and random change detection, trajectories analysis and landscape fragmentation assessment. The overall accuracies（and Kappa statistics） were of 68.86%（0.63）, 91.32%（0.79）, 90.66%（0.88） and 91.88%（0.89） for 1972, 1987, 2000 and 2014, respectively. The spatio-temporal analyses indicated that forests, woodlands and savannahs dominated the landscapes during the four dates, though constant areal decreases were observed. The most important dynamic process was the decline of woodlands with an average annual net loss rate of –2%. Meanwhile, the most important land transformation occurred during the transition 2000–2014, due to anthropogenic pressures. Though the most important loss of vegetation greenness occurred in the unprotected areas, the overall analyses of change indicated a declining trend of land cover quality and an increasing landscape fragmentation. Sustainable conservation strategies should be promoted while focusing restoration attention on degraded lands and fragmented ecosystems in order to support rural livelihood and biodiversity conservation.