Application of equivalent resistance to simplification of Sutong Bridge piers in tidal river section modeling

This paper describes some details and procedural steps in the equivalent resistance (E-R) method for simplifying the pier group of the Sutong Bridge, which is located on the tidal reach of the lower Yangtze River, in Jiangsu Province. Using a two-dimensional tidal current numerical model, three different models were established: the non-bridge pier model, original bridge pier model, and simplified bridge pier model. The difference in hydrodynamic parameters, including water level, velocity, and diversion ratio, as well as time efficiency between these three models is discussed in detail. The results show that simplifying the pier group using the E-R method influences the water level and velocity near the piers, but has no influence on the diversion ratio of each cross-section of the Xuliujing reach located in the lower Yangtze River. Furthermore, the simplified bridge pier model takes half the calculation time that the original bridge pier model needs. Thus, it is concluded that the E-R method can be use to simplify bridge piers in tidal river section modeling reasonably and efficiently.

Growth, Mortality and Stock Assessment of Squaliobarbus curriculus (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Xenocyprididae) from Lanxi Section of Qiantang River, China

Population dynamics parameters and stock status of Squaliobarbus curriculus (Richardson, 1846) were analyzed from May to September 2021 in the Lanxi section of Qiantang River. FiSAT II software program was used. The growth coefficient K = 0.21 year–1, asymptomatic length L∞ = 39.48 cm, and age at theoretical zero-length t0 = –0.74 years were estimated. The von Bertalanffy growth function was calculated as Lt = 39.48[1 – e–0.21(t + 0.74)]. The growth curve for weight had an inflection at 5.86 years, corresponding to 29.61 cm in standard length and 372.29 g in weight. The natural mortality rate (M), the fishing mortality rate (F), and the total mortality rate (Z) were calculated as 0.51, 0.61, and 1.12 year–1, respectively. The exploitation ratio (E) was 0.54, which is greater than the value of 0.5 suggested by Gull (1971), indicating a probable state of overdevelopment. The annual average stock number and biomass of S. curriculus in the Lanxi section of Qiantang River were 31.86 × 106 individuals and 3656.82 t, respectively.

Analysis of Water Quality Variation and Trend in the Ji'an Section of the Ganjiang River

Based on the monitoring data of water quality in the Ji'an section of the Ganjiang River from 2008 to 2018 by the Water Resources Monitoring Center of Ji'an City,single factor evaluation method,comprehensive pollution index method and seasonal Kendall test method were adopted to study and analyze the characteristics of surface water resources and the changing trend of water quality in the river section.The results show that the water quality in the Ji'an section of the Ganjiang River was generally good,and the water quality of each function zone reached the target requirement.The comprehensive pollution index was controlled between 0.21 and 0.40 over the years,and there was no significant change in time and space,and the water quality was relatively stable.The dissolved oxygen and permanganate index tended to improve,and there was no change in five-day biochemical oxygen demand,while ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus showed an upward trend.The water quality as a whole showed a trend of deterioration.By discussing the influencing factors of the characteristic pollutants,the causes of water quality in the Ji'an section of the Ganjiang River were further analyzed.It is suggested to strengthen the supervision and control of non-point source and point source pollution.

River Cutoff Practices on Lower Jingjiang Section of Changjiang River in the Last 30 Years

River cutoff works have been implemented on Lower Jingjiang section for 30 years. Engineering practices have shown that channel straightening has been the river regulation measure for the permanent control of the meandering Lower Jingjiang section. River cutoff have been carried out in accordance with the evolution property of meandering rivers and these works have brought about expected benefits. It has also been noted that certain aspects in river cutoff had not been fully understood. River cutoff is a dynamic engineering. River channel evolution properties shall be fully understood so as to adroitly guide actions according to circumstances in cutoff works. In addition, river channel evolution observation and engineering effectiveness monitoring should be strengthened with a view to update the designs. The diversion canals for channel shortening are of great importance that will account for the success or failure of river cutoff works. The newly formed river channels and the river regime control works on the adjacent upper and lower reaches are guarantees for river cutoff works to be brought into play in the long run.

Soil and water loss in the Lancang River-Mekong River watershed (in Yunnan section, China) and its control measures

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Water Quality Evaluation of Duyun-Kaili Section in the Upper Reaches of the Qingshui River Basin

The fuzzy mathematic model was used to evaluate the water quality of six sections in the upper reaches of the Qingshui River Basin. The results showed that the water of grade I accounted for a high proportion, with mild pollution and strong self-cleaning ability; the pollutants(e.g. ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus and fluoride) at each section mainly came from phosphate mines and phosphorus chemical companies; and the water quality among different sections was in the order Chayuan, Xingren Bridge, Xiasi, Locomotive Section, Yingpan, Panghai(from superiority to inferiority). This study has important reference values for improving the water environment, safeguarding the safety of drinking water supply and scientifically preventing and controlling water pollution in the basin.

Geomorphologic Study of Anhui Section of Changjiang River Using Landsat TM Image

Fluvial landforms in the Anhui section of the Changjiang(Yangtze)River are often considered as the main factors for frequent floods.It is these special landforms that influence the channel changes of the Changjiang River.Using Landsat TM image of 2000,this paper conducted a series of image processing,including principal component analysis,multi-spectral composition,gray value statistics,and spectral analysis of ground objects.Then it got a new interpretation map of different kinds of fluvial landforms of the Changjiang River in the Anhui section.Based on the interpretation mentioned above,the paper analyzes the distribution and characteristics of such typical landforms as terraces,floodplains and battures,and their functions on the changes of river channel.The results show a consistence with the earlier conclusion that the Anhui section of the Changjiang River tends to deflect gradually toward south,which provides more implications for further study on the geomorphologic evolution of the river channel.

基于灰色关联模型的沿黄区域山东段生态安全综合评价及时空演化

以沿黄区域山东段为例,建立PSR模型构建生态安全评价指标体系,借助熵权法和灰色关联度模型对其2000—2018年展开生态安全综合评价,并进行时空演变分析。结果显示,整体上沿黄区域山东段生态安全水平呈现出波动中上升的趋势,由“不安全”向“比较安全”转变,子系统中生态响应和生态状态增加的幅度高于生态环境压力增大的幅度,生态环境有所好转;市级尺度下,山东段17地市生态安全水平有所提高,呈现出“下降-上升-下降”的倒“N”字形演变,生态安全类型以“一般安全”为主,高等级类型较少,城市生态安全问题比较严峻;城市生态安全内部空间差异明显,生态安全空间格局向东、向北转移,呈现出“东高西低”“北高南低”的高低错落分布,高等级生态安全区域从东部沿海向鲁北扩散,“临界安全”区域缩小至鲁中南和鲁西北。最后从生态环境治理与保护、优化调控三大空间、经济结构转型升级等方面提出优化路径,改善生态环境质量。

黄河流域(山东段)工业用地错配时空格局与应对策略

以黄河流域(山东段)9个设区市所辖77个区县为研究单元,利用2011—2020年山东省供地信息库中的工业用地供应数据,以及同期工业经济统计数据,分析黄河流域(山东段)工业用地供应与工业利润总额时空变化特征,通过空间错配指数分析工业用地错配时空格局,并从科学配置、存量挖潜、提质增效和层级协同4个方面提出应对策略。研究对于实现黄河流域(山东段)土地资源高效利用与聚集区域高质量发展具有重要意义。

黄河流域(山东段)村镇聚落文化景观基因识别指标体系构建

黄河流域(山东段)村镇聚落孕育了丰富独特的文化景观,建立识别指标体系对其文化景观基因进行挖掘整理,对在黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展战略背景下赓续传统文化具有重要意义。结合景观基因理论的研究成果和对国家有关政策法规文件的剖析,在历史景观视角下对黄河流域(山东段)的村镇聚落开展深入的文化景观田野调查、典籍研究等,提出具有针对性的文化景观基因识别指标体系构建逻辑,通过“识别对象—识别因子—识别指标”解析出13项识别因子、40项识别指标,为黄河流域村镇聚落文化景观识别全覆盖提供新的思路与方法。

供需视角下的长江重庆段江心岛生态管理策略研究

长江重庆段江心岛是流域生态系统中的高生态区位节点,而当前静态保护模式忽略了多元主体对于岛屿生态、社会经济和文化等共融发展的新需求,造成江心岛人地矛盾突出,因此协同好岛屿生态系统服务的供需关系,对促进长江重庆段江心岛生态系统可持续发展和流域国土空间生态文明建设尤为重要。结合长江重庆段14个江心岛生态系统服务供需情况的田野调查,对其生态系统服务供需交互关系进行解读,搭建江心岛生态系统服务供需的空间耦合关联框架,指明统筹好自然空间和多元利益主体的综合治理是促进江心岛“社会—生态”协同发展的关键。在此基础上,从支持与调节服务退化、供给和文化服务价值发挥不足、供需协调综合效能提升不足等三个层面识别出当前造成江心岛生态服务供需矛盾的主要原因,最后整理归纳出岛屿生态管控、系统要素配置和多元主体共治三大策略,以期为更多同类型江心岛的生态管理提供系统性的理论和实践借鉴。

植被NPP时空变化及其对气候变化的响应——以黄河内蒙古段为例

研究黄河内蒙古段植被净初级生产力(NPP)时空变化特征及其对气候变化的响应,为黄河流域环境保护、生态修复等提供科学依据。基于MOD17A3和气象站点资料,运用趋势分析、偏差分析、变异系数、相关分析、残差分析等方法,探讨2002—2021年植被NPP时空变化特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:(1)植被NPP呈波动增加趋势,2011年以前以负偏离为主,2012年以后以正偏离为主。(2)植被NPP平均值为169.15 gC·(m~2·a)^(-1),自西向东递增,101~250 gC·(m~2·a)^(-1)区域占总面积的77.0%,裸地﹤灌木﹤其他﹤草地﹤农田﹤林地。69.1%的区域植被NPP变异系数Cv≤0.2,整体稳定性较好。(3)植被NPP与气温平均偏相关系数为0.31,仅有6.7%的区域通过了0.01的显著性检验;与降水量平均偏相关系数为0.62,有81.1%的区域通过了0.01的显著性检验。说明降水量是影响研究区植被NPP显著增加的主要气候因子。(4)气候变化与人类活动共同导致植被NPP的变化。

基于四维度模型的湖南省湘江流域洪涝灾害风险评估

当前极端气候事件频发,降水频次与强度剧增,致使区域洪涝风险提高。为了降低区域洪涝风险,从致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体脆弱性和防灾减灾能力四维度分析洪涝灾害风险的形成机理,基于11项指标,综合运用ArcGIS地理信息软件与熵权法等数理统计方法客观赋权,对湖南省湘江流域的洪涝风险进行综合性评估,最终制作出区县尺度的洪涝风险分布图。结果表明:湘江流域中西部致灾因子危险性低,中游地区孕灾环境敏感性高;环长株潭地区与衡阳市的承灾体脆弱性较高,但前者凭借良好的经济基础,其防灾减灾能力相对较强;湘江流域洪涝风险分布从东北向西南呈增强趋势,高洪涝风险区位于长沙市、益阳市、衡阳市及永州市南部,不同地区洪涝风险的主导因子不同。研究结果较好地反映了多因子作用下地区洪涝风险的差异,可为区域防洪减灾提供支撑。

丽江拉市海国际重要湿地生态修复方案探究

拉市海国际重要湿地是我国重要的候鸟越冬栖息地之一,针对其整体环境整治问题,地方政府和管理部门做了大量工作,取得了较好成效,但还存在退化沼泽湿地急需修复、退养鱼塘急需生态修复、入湖河道急需治理等问题,基于此,提出退化沼泽湿地、退塘还湿、入湖河段生态修复以及破碎化湖滨带治理、外来物种防控等生态修复方案。通过湿地生态修复,湿地整体生态环境得到改善,候鸟栖息地、食源地得到修复,湿地植被和生物多样性明显增加,湿地景观得到优化,湿地生态服务功能有所提高。

黄河内蒙段开河期细菌群落结构特征研究

为探索黄河内蒙段开河初期水-土介质中细菌群落组成情况及生态网络结构,于2021年4月中旬进行取样,共获得黄河水样6个和土样4个.利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序方法对水、土样品进行测定,并从菌门及菌属水平对二者的细菌群落组成进行了分析.结果显示:河漫滩土样细菌群落结构的分布较水样更为分散,且土样中细菌群落丰富度、均匀度及多样性均高于水体,二者多样性存在显著的组间差异;在菌门水平上,变形菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门等是构成水-土样品的优势细菌门类,其中变形菌门在河水中相对丰度均值约为36.57%,在土样中则下降到25.39%,而酸杆菌门主要存在土样中,相对丰度约为14.17%;在菌属水平上, hgcI_clade(6.19%~12.75%)、CL500-29_marine_group(2.97%~5.05%)和Acinetobacter(0.74%~12.24%)是水体中的优势菌属,而norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__KD4-96(1.95%~4.91%)、 norank_f__norank_o__Vicinamibacterales(2.35%~4.67%)和norank_f__Gemmatimonadaceae (2.20%~4.73%)是土样中的优势菌属;不同菌属对水-土细菌群落结构的响应并不一致,其中分别归属于酸杆菌门和芽单胞菌门的norank_f__norank_o__Vicinamibacterales及norank_f__Gemmatimonadaceae等是联系水-土细菌群落的主要菌属,而归属于放线菌门的hgcI_clade和CL500-29_marine_group等是造成水、土优势菌门存在差异的主要菌属;虽然土样较水样拥有更大的生态网络结构,且Delftia、Candidatus_Methylopumilus、Arthrobacter和Rb41等是维持黄河内蒙段水、土介质生态网络结构的关键菌属,但相较于土样网络结构,水体网络结构中不同模块关键菌门及菌属间的生态功能较为一致.

长江泰州段引排水量时空分布特征分析

长江引排水是泰州市水资源的重要来源,本文选取长江泰州段的17个主要口门,统计了1959—2022年的引排水量并进行了对比分析。结果表明,受经济社会发展和水利基础设施建设的影响,引排水量年际变化较大,总体上呈现逐渐增大的趋势,但近年来呈现波动趋势;受区域降水、季节性农灌用水和长江潮位等因素影响,沿江口门引排水量年内分配不均;高港水利枢纽的建成对区域水资源的分配影响较大。研究成果可为长江大保护、优化口门调度方案、区域水资源开发利用及计划用水等管理工作提供数据参考。

潮汐对闽江感潮河段水体DOM含量及其光谱特征的影响

可溶性有机质(DOM)虽然只占生态系统中有机质的一小部分,但易被微生物利用,在河流生态系统的养分供应与物质循环中具有关键作用。感潮河段的水体可溶性有机质极易受到潮汐作用引起的径流变化影响,但目前对其仍缺乏必要认识。以闽江感潮河段(117 km)为研究对象,在巨潮日分析涨、落潮过程中水体可溶性有机质的含量及其光谱特征变化。结果表明,潮汐作用显著影响距河口20 km范围水体可溶性有机质的含量、结构、组成以及来源,涨潮阶段水体DOC含量的上升程度较落潮增加35.9%,水体CDOM浓度下降程度较落潮增加26.2%,涨潮期近河口可溶性有机质的分子量增加,而芳香化程度降低,内源性增强。综合分析表明,潮汐主要通过促进河水与海水混合的物理过程,影响水体环境、可溶性有机质含量及其稳定性,增强pH、电导率、盐度和溶解氧与可溶性有机质的相关性,但减弱水体温度与可溶性有机质的相关性。这些结果对于深入认识潮汐过程对河流生态系统的影响,了解感潮河段的物质循环规律具有一定的科学意义。

黄河流域(山东段)生态环境与农业耦合协调和高质量发展提升策略

运用熵权-TOPSIS法、耦合协调度模型评价黄河流域(山东段)23个区县2010年、2015年和2020年的生态环境与农业高质量发展耦合协调水平,并根据评价结果,从规划体系完善、区县级国土空间规划编制和机制体制建设3个方面提出黄河流域(山东段)生态环境与农业高质量发展规划提升策略。

北江大堤管涌加固工程问题剖析

北江大堤石角段尽管经历了4次大规模的加固工程,但在十年一遇的洪水中,堤防仍然面临管涌险情。经对北江大堤石角段的管涌进行分析,发现这些反复出现的问题主要集中在红砂岩层。所谓的管涌通道实际上是红砂岩中的一些溶洞,是红砂岩中的碳酸盐钙质胶结物在水岩反应中流失钙离子后形成的,属于化学侵蚀的结果。北江石角段断裂带发育,江水通过断裂带与左岸的地下水直接连通,河水与地下水通过断裂带与溶洞往复流动,在CO_(2)的参与下发生水岩反应,导致红砂岩中的钙质胶结物被溶蚀,从而形成溶洞。在洪水期间,随着江水位上涨,外江水位高于地表,江水压力通过溶洞传递到堤角覆盖层之下。当江水压力大于覆盖层的浮容重,则会发生流土破坏,进而演变成为管涌。研究认为,在枯水期通过钻孔灌浆的方法将红砂岩层中的溶洞填充,才能全面消除管涌危害。

河道内源治理与水力冲挖综合技术的研究与应用

为研究河道内源污染治理方式,对河道防洪标准和水质产出目标进行分析,确定污染河道清淤范围和施工方法。分析了潮水水位和河道行洪能力,圈定了清淤范围和纵向清淤深度。分析内源污染污染物负荷和底泥物化性质,确定河道清淤厚度及泥浆处理要求。为实现河道环保清淤施工,采用水力冲挖排干清淤施工方法,实现目标污染物的有效去除,降低了河道清淤方量。通过控制多级泵送系统传输压力,实现了长距离、高陡坡泥浆传输。