Discussion on Theme-based Design of Road Landscape in Scenic Area——A Case Study of Five Dragon Temple Cultural Park in Yingcheng City

The combination of ornamental function and recreational function should be taken into account in road landscape design of scenic area.The theme characteristic should be highlighted by designing techniques.Roads in scenic area should be used to lead tourists' behavior according to people's behavioral psychology.With Five Dragon Temple Cultural Park as case study,starting from its geographic location and establishment concept,the paper had extracted design theme of Five Dragon Temple Cultural Park.Profound religious cultural connotation had been given to the cultural park with Chinese traditional religion and "Five Elements" theory as the inspiration.It designed five main roads with different colors which represented five elements covering "gold,wood,water,fire and earth".Different scenic areas had been linked together by five man roads,forming a road landscape pattern of "meeting of five dragons".Then,flowering plants had been collocated along the five roads which were Vatica astrotricha,Punica granatum,Prunus serrulata,Morus alba and Osmanthus fragrans,creating theme-based road landscape not only representing religious significance but also corresponding with "Five Elements" theory.

Durability and microstructure analysis of the road base material prepared from red mud and flue gas desulfurization fly ash

The present study aimed to investigate the durability and microstructure evolution of road base materials(RBM)prepared from red mud and flue gas desulfurization fly ash.The durability testing showed that the strength of RBM with the blast furnace slag addition of 1wt%,3wt%and 5wt%reached 3.81,4.87,and 5.84 MPa after 5 freezing–thawing(F–T)cycles and reached 5.21,5.75,and 6.98 MPa after 20 weting–drying(W–D)cycles,respectively.The results also indicated that hydration products were continuously formed even during W–D and F–T exposures,resulting in an increase of the strength and durability of RBM.The observed increase of macropores(>1μm)after F–T and W–D exposures suggested that the mechanism of RBM deterioration is pore enlargement due to cracks that develop inside their matrix.Moreover,the F–T exposure showed a greater negative effect on the durability of RBM compared to the W–D exposure.The leaching tests showed that sodium and heavy metals were solidified below the minimum requirement,which indicates that these wastes are suitable for use as a natural material replacement in road base construction.

The Properties of Road Base Course Materials of Granular Soils Stabilized by AGS Granular Soil Stabilizing Cement

The properties of road base course materials of granular soils stabilized by AGS granular soil stabilizing cement were studied.The AGS cement has an expansibility to a certain degree,so the dry shrinkage of AGS cement paste and AGS stabilized granular is much lower than that of Portland slag cement.AGS has a good suitability to granular soils.Granular soils stabilized by AGS have a much higher strength than that of soils stabilized by P S cement.The same strength can be reached with 20% reduction of cement dosage for AGS cement.And their elastic and resilient modulus are similar,but the former has a much higher tensile splitting strength,so the AGS stabilized granular has a much better anti-cracking performance than that of the P S stabilized granular.The reduced value of the strength and the density with the retard time for the granular soils stabilized by AGS is lower than that for P S cement.

The Aggregate Gradation for the Porous Concrete Pervious Road Base Material

The effects of the proportion of fine aggregate, the maximum size of the aggregate and the proportion of the 9.5 mm to 4.75 mm particle in the coarse aggregate on the properties of the porous concrete are investigated. Results indicate that the porous concrete with a cement dosage only 150 kg/m^3 has high strength and satisfying permeability when the aggregate has a passing percentage of 4.75 mm around 10% to 15%, with the increase of the maximum size of the aggregate, the strength of the porous concrete decreases and the permeability increases. When the proportion of the 9.5 mm to 4.75 mm particle in the coarse aggregate is about 20%, there are no interference among the particles by Weymouth theory, the strength of the pervious porous concrete reaches the peak value. The optimum continues gradation limit of the aggregate for porous concrete pervious road base material is recommended according to the theoretical calculation and experimental results.

Cement Treated Recycled Demolition Waste as a Road Base Material

To enhance the performance of mix granulate road base courses by cement treatment. The mechanical properties of cement treated mix granulate （CTMG） were studied, which was designed with 65% crushed masonry and 35% crushed concrete by mass. The central composite design was employed to prepare specimens with different levels of cement content and degree of compaction. All specimens were cured in a fog room at 20 ℃ for a specific number of days. The compressive strength and the indirect tensile strength were determined through the monotonic compression and indirect tension tests. Effective prediction models for the mechanical properties of CTMG, in relation to the cement content, the degree of compaction and the curing time, were successfully established for a mix containing 65% crushed masonry and 35% crushed concrete by mass.

Analysis of Road Base Uniformity via the Deviation of Modulus of Asphalt Mixtures

The modulus deviation of base material calculated from the data of falling weight deflectometer （FWD） was used to evaluate the uniformity of road base so as to reflect the construction quality. Four parameters,the repeatability standard deviation of the data in the same driveway, the reproducibility standard deviation of the data in the different driveway, the consistency statistics value of the data in the different driveway, and the consistency statistics value of the data in the same driveway, were introduced for the construction uniformity analysis. The experimental result shows that the materials modulus calculated from FWD has a highly correlative relationship with the uniformity of road base.

Elaboration of a Road Material Based on Clayey Soil and Crushed Sand

To contribute to the enhancement of unconventional local materials used for road construction,this study characterizes a crushed sand 0/5,a clayey soil and the litho-stabilized material without and with hydraulic binder and determines their use in accordance with some reference specifications(CEBTP 1984).It is shown that the different components are not usable alone in pavement base.Indeed,the plasticity index obtained for the clayey soil is 21%,a value higher than the imposed standards.In addition,the grading of the 0/5 crushed sand does not fit into the range proposed by CEBTP.A combination of these two(02)components is therefore considered to obtain a suitable material usable for the sub-base.This new material does not enter any class of the CEBTP lateritic soils.In order to be used in base layer,a treatment with hydraulic binder is carried out with the intention to improve its mechanical performances.The optimal dosage of hydraulic binder to achieve the desired mechanical performance is obtained by studying the evolution of the mechanical characteristics of the mixture.After this treatment,the Bearing Ratio index of the mix increases from 37 to 223 for the optimal dosage and the dry compaction density decreases from 2.11 to 2.06 g/cm3 while the optimal water content increases from 9%to 10.1%.

Resilient Modulus of Hydraulically Bound Road Base Materials with High Volume Waste Dust

The paper presents laboratory test results on hydraulically bound road base materials containing high volume of steel slag and blast furnace slag waste dusts compared with control mixtures. These mixtures contain higher levels of （4mm-0.0 mm） dust, than would be the case in standard un bound road base mixtures. The combined influence of the steel slag and granulated blast furnace slag wastes content is to enhance the stiffness of the road base materials and save materials and cost during road construction. Triaxial repeated load tests were performed on the unbound and lightly bound materials to measure their resilient modulus. The test results show important improvements in the bond strength between the contents of road base materials. This offers the prospect of using these materials in road base materials to reduce the use of primary aggregates and thus minimize the cost of roads and highways construction.

Assessment of Performance Based Road Maintenance Practices in Nepal

Roads are the major asset of any country and to conserve them maintenance is essential. The delay of maintenance works can lead the road in the stage of expensive rehabilitation and reconstruction. In Nepal, Department of Roads (DoR) is responsible for maintenance of strategic roads of country. The maintenance practice of the road under Department of Road is predominantly based on Strengthen Maintenance Division Process where several maintenance activities like Routine maintenance, Recurrent Maintenance, Periodic Maintenance and Emergency Maintenance are planned and carried out. The maintenance work is based on traditional quantity and unit price based short term maintenance contracts, where maintenance of physical works is outsourced. Client demands the contractor what work is to be done, when to be do it and the extent of the work. The contractor is paid on the basis of a defined output or quantity accomplished, and the schedule of the rates. DoR engineers required full time supervision of work. Pilot based performance based maintenance practice of road started in Nepal in 2003. The study assesses performance road maintenance practices of road maintenance in Nepal on the basis of the framework of cost efficiency, level of service effectiveness and quality of service. The study concluded that implementation of Performance Based Maintenance Contract (PBMC) was not successful in Nepal as Road Asset condition was not maintained to performance standard. One of the reasons is the weak service delivery of contractor alongside weak contract enforcement from the road agency.

水泥-石灰-磷石膏固化赤泥的路用基层性能

基于磷石膏硫激发作用水泥-石灰固化赤泥,开展了固化赤泥无侧限抗压强度、抗劈裂、抗回弹力学性能和干湿、冻融耐久性能等路用性能的室内试验,探究了该固化赤泥应用道路基层的可行性。试验结果表明:采用固化剂配比m水泥∶m石灰∶m磷石膏=8∶2∶2的固化赤泥路用基层性能最佳,7 d无侧限抗压强度为4.18 MPa,满足基层强度要求;28 d劈裂强度和回弹模量分别为0.256、1020 MPa;五级干湿和冻融循环后,质量变化率<2%,强度损失指标BDR均在80%以上。压汞试验从微观揭示了磷石膏反应产生的钙矾石,通过填充孔隙(0.1~1μm),增强固化赤泥强度;过量钙矾石使得固化赤泥体积膨胀,产生微裂缝孔隙(1~10μm),强度性能劣化。综合固化赤泥性能试验结果,使用m赤泥∶m水泥∶m石灰∶m磷石膏=100∶8∶2∶2配合比制备的固化赤泥替代传统路面基层材料是可行的,拓宽了赤泥综合利用的途径。

高掺量磷石膏道路基层材料配比设计及性能研究

按传统矿质混合料设计掺磷石膏道路基层材料难以大规模消纳磷石膏,为实现磷石膏在道路基层材料中大规模利用,通过骨料替代法进行高掺量磷石膏道路基层材料配比设计,确定适宜的碎石比(5~10 mm粒级与10~25 mm粒级质量比39∶61)后以不同掺量替代磷石膏基胶凝材料体系,再击实然后得出最佳含水率及最大干密度。通过对设计好的配比进行性能试验筛选,得出适宜配比为P85S60,养护28 d的试件抗压强度最大达5.39 MPa,体积变化率较低,且养护7 d后试件的体积增长稳定,体积变化率最终维持在0.5%左右,有利于现场道路施工应用。所有配比浸出氟、磷均满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)一级限值,相较于常规水泥稳定碎石材料,该道路基层材料浸出液的酸碱性不会额外增加不利影响。通过XRD和SEM分析可知,胶凝材料水化产生的钙矾石和水化硅酸钙包裹在未反应的二水石膏周围,另外针棒状钙矾石和水化硅酸钙填充微小孔隙,使得试件整体结构密实、强度增加、体积稳定性增强。

水泥稳定碎石基层取芯芯样分类与整体性评价技术标准

为了实现水泥稳碎石基层整体性质量客观和公正的评价,消除7 d取芯芯样质量评判的随意性、弥补因不考虑气候条件和公路等级等因素对施工质量评价的局限性,选择高速、一级、二级和三级共5条公路,对7 d龄期的水泥稳定粒料类基层进行了大量的取芯试验,系统地对取芯芯样的形态进行了调研、统计和分析,根据芯样的完整程度,将其分为完整类、残缺类和松散类3类,芯样完整性的差异代表其扩散荷载应力能力的不同,根据芯样的致密程度,将芯样进一步分成8级,芯样致密性的不同体现服役功能性差别,提出了评价路段芯样完整率的计算方法,确定了芯样完整率技术标准的确定原则,对于季冻区宜采用F(Ⅰ+Ⅱ)作为评价指标,对于非季冻区宜采用F(Ⅰ)作为评价指标,并根据回归曲线,提出了不同区域不同等级道路7 d龄期内的芯样完整率技术标准。结果表明:芯样完整率与道路等级呈线性关系,道路等级对其影响幅度为2%~9%,养生模式的影响幅度为10%左右,气候因素的影响幅度为5%左右。研究成果实现了对半刚性基层取芯芯样质量和整体性质量的定量化评价。

基于颗粒破碎特性的盐岩集料基层级配组成设计研究

为实现内陆干盐湖区盐岩集料基层级配组成的科学设计,以罗布泊盐岩为研究对象,分析了不同粒径及含卤水率条件下单粒组盐岩集料颗粒破碎演化特征,构建了复杂粒组下盐岩集料级配转移模型,提出了盐岩集料基层级配组成设计方法,验证了盐岩集料基层级配组成设计方法的合理性,并对比了不同级配组成及失水率下盐岩集料的工程性质。结果表明:击实作用下各粒组盐岩集料均发生颗粒破碎,随着击实能量增加,盐岩集料级配趋于稳定,卤水的赋存会降低单粒组盐岩颗粒破碎率。Weibull分布可有效表征盐岩集料破碎颗粒级配分布特征。推荐的盐岩集料基层级配组成设计方法可有效推演盐岩集料基层的级配演化特征并实现考虑卤水影响的级配修正。盐岩集料颗粒间卤水盐分结晶有利于盐岩集料基层强度形成,失水率为75%的盐岩集料无侧限抗压强度可达到4.1 MPa,盐岩集料可用于干盐湖区公路基层填筑工程。

车辆道路行驶阻力国六测试方法分析比对

依据现行国家标准GB 18352.6—2016《轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第六阶段)》的规定要求,通过三种方法(固定式风速仪滑行法、车载风速仪滑行法、基于车辆参数计算默认道路载荷法)获取测试样车的车辆道路行驶阻力,模拟出滑行阻力系数,用于后续对轻型混合动力电动汽车能量消耗量进行测试,进而分析优化汽车燃油消耗量和汽车续驶里程。测试结果表明,采用车载风速仪滑行法和固定式风速仪滑行法对样车进行摸底试验,获得的车辆道路行驶阻力能有效模拟出道路阻力系数,优化OVC-HEV测试数据。

国际期刊“一带一路”研究热点与前沿——基于CiteSpace的知识图谱分析

作为推动构建人类命运共同体的实践载体,“一带一路”倡议从愿景走向现实,擎画了全球发展的蓝图。借助信息可视化软件CiteSpace,文章以Web of Science核心数据库收录的“一带一路”研究领域的583篇论文作为数据来源,绘制国际“一带一路”研究的知识图谱。研究发现,该领域研究成果丰硕,研究队伍庞大,研究方法多样。“一带一路”倡议的内涵、动因和影响构成了该主题的知识基础。研究热点集中于“一带一路”与经济发展、“一带一路”与全球治理新模式、“一带一路”的文化融合与规范认同等维度,一定程度呼应了“一带一路”建设的“五通”目标。绿色“一带一路”等成为研究的前沿课题。进一步深化“一带一路”研究需要加强学术对话,阐释“一带一路”建设蕴含的中国发展理念,加强国际传播能力建设以提升我国的国际话语权。

丝绸之路经济带能源生态效率测度及影响因素

党的十八大以来,生态文明建设被提升到前所未有的战略高度,能源生态效率研究也备受关注。丝绸之路经济带作为我国重要的能源基地和对外开放新前沿,对我国经济发展具有重要意义。基于丝绸之路经济带沿线省份2006—2019年数据,运用Super-SBM和ML指数对能源生态效率分别进行静态和动态测度,并运用Tobit模型对其影响因素进行研究。实证结果显示:丝绸之路经济带能源生态效率未达到有效水平,在趋势上有所下降;人口规模、产业结构、科学技术水平对能源生态效率具有积极的推动作用;而能源消费结构和对外开放水平则起到了抑制作用。据此,提出促进产业结构优化升级、大力发展清洁能源、调整进出口商品结构、完善创新驱动发展战略等建议。

煤基固废制备胶凝材料研究进展及应用

煤矸石、粉煤灰、气化渣作为煤炭开采—化工转化—燃煤发电等过程产生的固体废弃物,年排放量超过15亿t,综合利用率约60%,主要以低端建工建材消纳为主,市场趋于饱和。随着环保政策趋近,煤基固废的资源化利用新途径开发迫在眉睫。基于煤基固废具有铝硅酸盐成分、潜在的火山灰活性和特殊的微观结构等胶凝特性,低成本高性能的低碳胶凝材料成为其规模化高值利用的新途径。综述煤基固废胶凝材料的活性激发技术及应用领域。活性激发方面,阐述了物理激发、碱激发和酸激发等活化方式对胶凝材料矿相变化的影响规律和产品性能调控,总结了现有技术的优势和需要解决的问题。应用领域方面,分析了煤基固废胶凝材料在建筑材料、道路修复、环境修复等领域的应用效果。基于上述现状,对煤基固废胶凝材料激发机理研究、组分配比优化、材料环保性能、工程应用推广等未来发展方向进行展望。研究对煤基固废制备胶凝材料具有重要的借鉴意义,为煤基固废规模化利用提供新途径。

基准排放因子更新对隧道需风量的影响研究

为解决交通车辆持续更新导致的城市隧道内通风系统设计浪费和运营闲置,研究基准排放因子更新对隧道需风量的影响,并建立2种应对车辆更新的基准排放因子计算方法.首先,通过理论分析明确需风量计算式中随时间更新的关键参数为基准排放因子;随后,根据定量分析得到基准排放因子和纵坡-车速系数更新对需风量的影响;最后,结合国外理念和实际设计经验,提出2种考虑时间更新的基准排放因子计算方法.研究结果表明:我国道路隧道通风设计规范在制定基准排放因子时参考了世界道路协会(PIARC)通风报告,并分析得到了参考理由;与2000年相比,2021年的CO、NOx和PM基准排放限值分别降低了81.6%、76.7%和97.9%;建立了使用机动车污染物排放限值作为基准排放因子的最不利设计方法,计算出2018年各污染物基准排放因子(CO为0.0011 m^(3)/(辆·km),PM为0.4610 m^(2)/(辆·km)),相比于2014年《细则》分别降低84.3%和77.0%.建立并验证了基准排放因子计算方法,为城市道路隧道通风系统设计提供参考.

赤泥基路用材料中主要金属的浸出行为及其路用固化效果

赤泥高碱高氟和多金属含量等污染特性会影响其资源化利用。针对赤泥路用存在潜在环境风险的主要金属,重点研究赤泥基路用材料制备过程对主要金属污染物的浸出环境行为与固化效果的影响。结果表明,不同赤泥基路用材料金属总量大小与浸出含量水平受铝土矿产地、氧化铝生产工艺以及制备过程添加的材料等的影响,赤泥基路用材料的制备过程对Al、As、V、Se、Mo有显著固化效果,使其浸出含量分别降低了10.97%~75.77%、97.84%~99.90%、98.16%~100.00%、90.62%~99.34%、61.60%~87.66%,但对Na、Fe、K、Ba、Cr的固化效果不明显反而会使其浸出含量增加,应注重材料制备过程的质量控制。在实际道路应用过程中长期风险评估应重点关注但不限于赤泥基路用材料中Na、总Cr、Cr^(6+)、V、Se、Mo的迁移转化等环境行为。

粉煤灰改良粉砂土动静力学特性研究

为探究不同粉煤灰掺量粉砂土的动力特性和粉煤灰改良粉砂土的改性机理,以绥化—大庆高速公路路基填土为研究对象,开展无侧限压缩试验和动三轴试验,分析粉煤灰掺量对粉砂土静力学特征影响情况,以及围压、动荷载加载次数和粉煤灰掺量对改良粉砂土动强度的影响规律。结果表明:围压相同的情况下,土体的无侧限压缩强度和动强度,均随粉煤灰掺量增加先升高后降低;加载次数相同时,围压越大,土体动强度越大;选取加载次数为100次动强度进行拟合分析,得出粉煤灰掺入量与动剪切强度对应关系的经验公式。为改善路基强度,加快粉煤灰综合利用进程,结合试验结果与数据分析,建议在粉砂土路基掺加质量比15%粉煤灰进行路基施工。15%粉煤灰掺入量的改良粉砂土对比素土,存在颗粒紧凑,孔隙更小,结构相对致密,骨架更强等优点,可为东北地区粉砂土改良等工程建设提供参考。