Roads are crucial public spaces in cities and serve as a window to showcase the city’s characteristics.They serve not only as a means of urban transportation but also as a crucial spatial carrier for urban communicat...Roads are crucial public spaces in cities and serve as a window to showcase the city’s characteristics.They serve not only as a means of urban transportation but also as a crucial spatial carrier for urban communication activities and a significant location for meeting the increasing demands of people for a better quality of life.The current road infrastructure prioritizes the right of way for cars,neglecting the design of sidewalks and green belts within the road’s boundaries,and extension spaces between buildings and boundary lines of roads.There is a pressing need to improve street space in response to the demand for development transformation and the creation of a warmer city.This paper summarizes common problems in current road spaces,draws on the experience of excellent urban road spaces in foreign countries,discusses new ideas for the refined design of road spaces based on the transformation of road planning concepts,and suggests a reference standard for guiding detailed design.Simultaneously,the review of road construction will incorporate the detailed design of road space to enhance the role of planning in guiding and controlling the construction of road works.展开更多
Cities worldwide are geared to promote economic growth,improve accessibility,address environmental issues,and enhance the quality of life.However,the processes that lead to the design of urban roads,particularly the s...Cities worldwide are geared to promote economic growth,improve accessibility,address environmental issues,and enhance the quality of life.However,the processes that lead to the design of urban roads,particularly the space distribution,reflect the inequalities existing in the fabric of our society.Motorists often have shorter travel time and more space than passengers of other modes.Furthermore,the existing transport appraisal and planning tools that frame sustainable transport policies fall short of considering the dimension of social justice.Therefore,our urban transport systems are essential areas for advancing sustainability through a transport justice-based approach to planning that can pivot the distribution of infrastructure investments over different social groups and transport modes.This study proposes such an approach by which such suitable urban transport strategies can be identified,co-created with users and appraised while considering the commuters’needs.Specifically,the interaction between the multidimensional characteristics of sustainability and the principles of transport justice are investigated.The proposed approach is applied to London and Birmingham.The results show that a transparent and holistic approach to integrating users within transport planning is an effective way to reflect diverse needs and local circumstances and thereby ensure a just transition to sustainable urban transport policies.The results from the case studies highlight a strong rationale for the centrality of justice in any urban transport planning and policy making efforts,particularly in the allocation of road space.展开更多
The rise of the ancient Silk Road is a model of cross-nation production of space in early human history. During the Western Han Dynasty, after a passage way to the Western regions was "hollowed out" and secu...The rise of the ancient Silk Road is a model of cross-nation production of space in early human history. During the Western Han Dynasty, after a passage way to the Western regions was "hollowed out" and secured, commerce and trade along the route boomed, people started to form clusters, and towns and cities were established. Since the late Tang Dynasty, under the combined effects of natural disasters and manmade misfortunes, regions along the Silk Road in Northwest China were severely depopulated, the towns and cities declined, the ecological environment became fragile, and the social space in West China shrank dramatically. The West Development Strategy later launched by the People' s Republic of China had its focus on optimization and reconstruction of domestic social space, whereas the Belt and Road Initiative(referring respectively to "the Silk Road Economic Belt", hereinafter "the Belt", and "the 21 st-Century Maritime Silk Road", " the Road") is rooted in the planning of space for long-term development and production. In building the Belt and Road, we should take the initiative and necessary steps to manage sound top-level designs; further break down the space alienation emanating from the domestic administrative divisions, and stick to the policy of all around opening up; base the endeavor on the new types of urbanization and strengthen social construction to optimize spatial structures; pay attention to the leading role of space consumption by vigorously developing Silk Road tourism; enhance the transportation and communication infrastructure in the node cities to achieve seamless docking and deep-level integration of both social space and natural space along the Belt and Road.展开更多
文摘Roads are crucial public spaces in cities and serve as a window to showcase the city’s characteristics.They serve not only as a means of urban transportation but also as a crucial spatial carrier for urban communication activities and a significant location for meeting the increasing demands of people for a better quality of life.The current road infrastructure prioritizes the right of way for cars,neglecting the design of sidewalks and green belts within the road’s boundaries,and extension spaces between buildings and boundary lines of roads.There is a pressing need to improve street space in response to the demand for development transformation and the creation of a warmer city.This paper summarizes common problems in current road spaces,draws on the experience of excellent urban road spaces in foreign countries,discusses new ideas for the refined design of road spaces based on the transformation of road planning concepts,and suggests a reference standard for guiding detailed design.Simultaneously,the review of road construction will incorporate the detailed design of road space to enhance the role of planning in guiding and controlling the construction of road works.
基金The financial supports from the ESRC through the Impact Acceleration(ES/T501839/1)EPSRC through the grant for the UKCRIC Coordination Node(EP/R017727),CSIC Innovation and Knowledge Centre Phase 2(EP/N021614/1)and Research Hub for Decarbonised Adaptable and Resilient Transport Infrastructure(EP/Y024257/1)Innovate UK through the grant for Centre for Smart Infrastructure and Construction(920035)are gratefully acknowledged.The authors are also thankful to the members of the public who participated in the national survey and focus groups.
文摘Cities worldwide are geared to promote economic growth,improve accessibility,address environmental issues,and enhance the quality of life.However,the processes that lead to the design of urban roads,particularly the space distribution,reflect the inequalities existing in the fabric of our society.Motorists often have shorter travel time and more space than passengers of other modes.Furthermore,the existing transport appraisal and planning tools that frame sustainable transport policies fall short of considering the dimension of social justice.Therefore,our urban transport systems are essential areas for advancing sustainability through a transport justice-based approach to planning that can pivot the distribution of infrastructure investments over different social groups and transport modes.This study proposes such an approach by which such suitable urban transport strategies can be identified,co-created with users and appraised while considering the commuters’needs.Specifically,the interaction between the multidimensional characteristics of sustainability and the principles of transport justice are investigated.The proposed approach is applied to London and Birmingham.The results show that a transparent and holistic approach to integrating users within transport planning is an effective way to reflect diverse needs and local circumstances and thereby ensure a just transition to sustainable urban transport policies.The results from the case studies highlight a strong rationale for the centrality of justice in any urban transport planning and policy making efforts,particularly in the allocation of road space.
基金one of the phased objectives of the Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences' 2014 key research project "Social Construction of the Western China Society from the Production of Space Perspective"(Project No.:14ZD02)
文摘The rise of the ancient Silk Road is a model of cross-nation production of space in early human history. During the Western Han Dynasty, after a passage way to the Western regions was "hollowed out" and secured, commerce and trade along the route boomed, people started to form clusters, and towns and cities were established. Since the late Tang Dynasty, under the combined effects of natural disasters and manmade misfortunes, regions along the Silk Road in Northwest China were severely depopulated, the towns and cities declined, the ecological environment became fragile, and the social space in West China shrank dramatically. The West Development Strategy later launched by the People' s Republic of China had its focus on optimization and reconstruction of domestic social space, whereas the Belt and Road Initiative(referring respectively to "the Silk Road Economic Belt", hereinafter "the Belt", and "the 21 st-Century Maritime Silk Road", " the Road") is rooted in the planning of space for long-term development and production. In building the Belt and Road, we should take the initiative and necessary steps to manage sound top-level designs; further break down the space alienation emanating from the domestic administrative divisions, and stick to the policy of all around opening up; base the endeavor on the new types of urbanization and strengthen social construction to optimize spatial structures; pay attention to the leading role of space consumption by vigorously developing Silk Road tourism; enhance the transportation and communication infrastructure in the node cities to achieve seamless docking and deep-level integration of both social space and natural space along the Belt and Road.
