Modular Design Using Sustainable Luminescent Materials in Energy-Saving Reflective Cat’s Eyes for Public Road Safety Planning

Recently,there has been a global movement toward environmental protection and energy conservation through the design and development of new products in accordance with sustainable utilisation.In this study,rare earth luminescent materials were used owing to their active light emission and reusability.Additionally,solar lightemitting diode lights and car-light reflection were utilised to increase the recognition and reliability of reflective cat eyes.Along with carbon reduction,this can save energy and enhance road safety.This study considered the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving and a literature review to analyse the issues in existing products.Then,expert interviews were conducted to screen projects and develop product design policies.Finally,the ratio of light-storage materials was experimentally determined and the prototypes implemented.This cat’s eye addresses the shortcomings identified in previous analyses of existing products.We applied energy storage environmental protection materials,together with material proportioning(which balanced warning efficiency against cost-effectiveness)to develop diversified modular kits;these were flexible in terms of quantity and easily assembled.This study achieved four key objectives:(1)reducing the research and development costs of the manufacturer;(2)offering buyers a diverse suite of products;(3)responding to a need to improve diverse road user safety;and(4)reducing government procurement costs for safety warning products.The results provide a reference for the creative modular design of energy-saving products for public road safety planning in various industries.

The Design of Urban Road Manhole Covers Based on the Function of Safety and Identification

This study combed the development process of urban road manhole cover at home and abroad,and pointed out the existing problems in the domestic manhole cover.From the perspective of safety and identification function,it put forward innovative design ideas of urban road manhole covers to improve the safety and identification function of road manhole covers,and enhance the ornamental of manhole covers.

Pavement markings:identification of relevant covariates and controllable factors of retroreflectivity performance as a road safety measureáã

In this paper we present relevant contributions and important features related to the study of the retroreflectivity performance of pavement markings.The contribution of this paper is threefold.First,we propose an artificial scheme to allow some randomization of the treatments owing to several restrictions imposed on the choice of the experimental units.It is an experiment involving one fixed factor(three types of materials)in a randomized block design executed on a high-traffic-volume highway.Under this condition,the traffic volume works as a stress factor and the degradation of the retroreflectivity of pavement markings is faster than the degradation on rural roads or streets.This is related to the second contribution:the possibility of a reduction of experimental time.The current experiment spent 20 weeks to collect the data.And finally a mixed linear model considering three random effects and several fixed effects is fitted and the most relevant effects pointed out.This study can help highway managers to improve road safety by scheduling the maintenance of pavement marks at the appropriate time,choosing adequate material for the pavement markings and applying the proposed artificial scheme in future studies.

Influence of geometric design characteristics on safety under heterogeneous traffic flow

This paper focuses on analysing the influence of geometric design characteristics on traffic safety using bi-directional data on a divided roadway operated under heterogeneous traffic conditions in India. The study was carried out on a four lane divided inter-city highway in plain and rolling terrain. Statistical modelling approach by Poisson regression and Negative binomial regression were used to assess the safety performance as occurrence of crashes are random events and to identify the influence of the geometric design variables on the crash frequency. Negative binomial regression model was found to be more suitable to identify the variables contributing to road crashes. The study enabled better understanding of the factors related to road geometrics that influence road crash frequency. The study also established that operating speed has a significant contribution to the total number of crashes. Negative binomial models are found to be appropriate to predict road crashes on divided roadways under heterogeneous traffic conditions.

Research on Superelevation Design in Highway Route Design

Superelevation design can basically be regarded as an important part of highway route design system.In the specific design process,designers need to strictly comply with the requirements of superelevation design specifications to ensure the driving stability of curved road section.However,due to the differences of road operation conditions in different regions of China,there are many uncertain factors in the design of super elevation,resulting in design errors.In order to reduce design errors as much as possible,this paper mainly based on the highway route design,highway route design problems and key measures are summarized for reference.

Research on the Optimization Design of Intersections for Safe Operation of Large Trucks

When big trucks are running at urban road intersections,they are easy to interfere with other motor vehicles,and the turning big trucks are easy to have conflicts with non-motor vehicles and pedestrians,which will affect the safety of intersections.This paper first studied the intersection of trucks to the running trajectory,on this basis,through the establishment of mathematical model analysis of large truck steering conditions inside the wheel,and the influence of blind area to the driver.In the research of intersection safety design,the safety design is divided into three parts:Entrance road,internal operation and signal control.At the same time,the design method of the entrance road,the interior of the intersection and the signal control is given,which improves the safety of the truck driving at the intersection.Finally,the intersection of Jungong road and Zhoujiazui road in Yangpu district of Shanghai was selected as a case,and the optimal design of the intersection for large trucks was carried out through the investigation and analysis of actual data.The evaluation and analysis were carried out by using the multi-index matter-element model.The results show that the comprehensive safety correlation degree of the intersection is reduced to 0.42,and the safety level of is improved by one level.

课程思政视域下混合式教学的开展路径探析——以道路交通安全课程为例

将思政教育融入专业课程是实现知识传授与价值引领有机结合的关键;探索课程思政视域下混合式教学的开展路径是实现专业课程与思政课程同心同向育人新格局的重要举措。以道路交通安全课程为例,探讨了课程的目标、思政元素体系、教学资源、教学活动设计、评价机制和长效保障举措。以期达到“价值引领、知识传授、能力培养”三位一体的教育教学目标。

环境线索对独生子女小学生过街安全性的影响

目的为进一步探究影响儿童过街碰撞时间的影响因素。方法招募39名小学生研究不同实验情境下儿童过街行为。基于儿童过街碰撞时间分别研究是否为独生子女、来车所处车道位置、是否有行人陪同对儿童过街的影响。结果在无行人陪同的条件下,来车处于第一车道时,非独生子女组的过街碰撞时间显著长于独生子女组,来车处于第二车道时二者没有显著差异;在有行人陪同的条件下,来车处于第二车道时,非独生子女组的过街碰撞时间显著长于独生子女组,来车处于第一车道时,二者没有显著差异。结论(1)非独生子女在过街时比独生子女更加谨慎,过街技能更好。(2)与有行人陪同条件相比,无行人陪同时儿童过街更加谨慎。(3)当来车处于第一车道时,无行人陪同下非独生子女过街更加谨慎;当来车处于第二车道时,有行人陪同下非独生子过街更加谨慎。

JGZ97型万米超深井钻机死绳固定器研制与安全性研究

针对死绳固定器绳轮强度、安全裕度不足和结构失稳等安全问题,根据JZG97型万米超深井钻机死绳固定器绳轮受力及结构特点,提出采用增加腹板的方法来解决死绳固定器绳轮存在的问题。采用有限元法数值模拟,分析了不同腹板绳轮的结构力学性能,三腹板绳轮的强度、安全裕度均满足钻井作业时的安全要求,确定采用三腹板绳轮。实物测试试验中,三腹板绳轮仿真结果与试验结果的最大相对误差为12.95%,综合分析仿真结果与实验结果基本吻合;线性屈曲分析表明,最大死绳拉力作用下的三腹板绳轮临界屈曲载荷为绳轮实际受载的48.8倍,满足结构稳定性要求。研究表明,三腹板绳轮可以解决死绳固定器绳轮存在的问题,可以为万米超深井钻机结构设计提供支持。

Analytical Method for 3-D Stopping Sight Distance Adequacy Investigation

The adopted 2-D SSD （stopping sight distance） adequacy investigation in current design practice may lead to design deficiencies due to inaccurate calculation of the available sight distance. Although this concern has been identified by many research studies in the past, none of them suggested a comprehensive methodology to simulate from a 3-D perspective concurrently both the cross-section design and the vehicle dynamics in space during emergency braking conditions. The proposed methodology can accurately perform SSD adequacy investigation in any 3-D road environment where the ground, road and roadside elements are inserted by identifying areas of interrupted vision lines between driver and obstacle being less than the required distance necessary to bring the vehicle to a stop condition. The present approach provides flexibility among every road design and/or vehicle dynamic parameter inserted, as well as direct overview regarding design elements that restrict the driver＇s vision and create SSD inadequacies. As a result, precious guidance is provided to the designer for further alignment improvement but mostly an accurate aid to implement geometric design control criteria with respect to both existing as well as new road sections is delivered. The efficiency of the suggested methodology is demonstrated through a case study.

山区高速公路重点路段安全设施设计应用研究

在明确山区高速公路安全性分析与安全设施设计特点的基础上,论文重点分析了长大下坡路段安全设施的分段设计策略,同时,提出了特大桥梁路段、公路隧道路段以及其他路段的设计要点,以充分发挥标志、标线、护栏、诱导设施、缓冲设施等的组合作用,为驾驶人员提供良好的引导和保护,降低交通事故的发生概率。

道路路线设计可靠性与交通安全性的强化措施

道路路线设计需要严格按照相关标准与规范执行,针对以往工程设计中存在的问题,需要提高设计指标选取的科学性、合理性、可靠性,从源头上规避风险隐患。论文在明确道路路线设计可靠性和交通安全性概念内涵的基础上,从特殊地质避让、保证线形连续、行车视距充足、合成坡度稳定、平纵线形协调、可靠性分析、安全性评价等方面,分析了加强道路路线设计可靠性与交通安全性的有效措施。

城郊干道设计阶段安评重点及方法总结

随着经济快速发展,城市路网不断扩展,使得城市周边道路功能不断完善逐渐发展成为兼具公路和城市道路功能的城郊干道。为进一步提升城郊干道的交通安全水平,完善和细化城郊干道的交通安全评价工作,首先从规范角度分析总结城郊干道安全性评价的主要内容和评价方法,然后以张家港市某城市快速路与地面一级公路相结合的城郊干道为例,结合设计方案评价和分析设计阶段安全性评价需要关注的重点,并提出针对性的改善措施,为城郊干道交通安全评价工作提供一些经验总结和技术参考。

城市地下道路交通关键参数优化设计方法

为了提高城市地下道路交通安全和行车效率,分析了城市地下道路交通安全影响因素,归纳了城市地下道路交通标志、交通标线、防护设施和智能交通等交通设施设计的技术要点,研究了不被遮挡的交通标志与其他设施纵向间距,提出了横断面、地下互通分合流点、洞口等城市地下道路关键节点的交通参数设计方法,建立了分流点预告指路标志设置点与分流点间距模型并给出了最小距离建议值。最后以花园大道为例介绍了城市地下道路关键节点的交通设计方法。

市政道路整治工程中的设计与技术要点

本研究旨在探讨市政道路整治工程中设计与技术要点的关键问题,并提出相应的优化策略。针对设计阶段的关键问题,包括交通流量评估、地形地貌分析、排水系统设计和环境保护等方面展开深入分析。通过实际案例分析与应用效果评估,验证了优化策略的实施效果,并总结了实践经验。展望了未来市政道路整治工程的发展趋势,强调了加强科技创新、绿色发展和智能化建设的重要性。

客货分离道路主线出入口匝道最短开口长度研究

针对客货分离道路主线出入口的设计问题,从出入口主线分车带开口长度特征出发,分析车辆换道行为与开口长度的联系,考虑相应特性及变量,提出最短出入口开口长度确定模型。使用工程数学软件进行结果验证,给出在一定行驶速度下,出入口主线处最短开口长度推荐值。

Zero Truncated Bivariate Poisson Model: Marginal-Conditional Modeling Approach with an Application to Traffic Accident Data

A new covariate dependent zero-truncated bivariate Poisson model is proposed in this paper employing generalized linear model. A marginal-conditional approach is used to show the bivariate model. The proposed model with estimation procedure and tests for goodness-of-fit and under (or over) dispersion are shown and applied to road safety data. Two correlated outcome variables considered in this study are number of cars involved in an accident and number of casualties for given number of cars.

公路线形设计安全性评价仿真

结合公路设计规范,综合考虑车辆动力学性能、气候等影响因素,通过对吉林省安图至二道白河二级公路不同线形路段的仿真,对道路安全进行了综合评价,为分析研究公路线形对交通安全的影响要素奠定了基础。提出了公路线形设计规范与安全标准相融合的理念,为我国公路设计安全性审核提供参考。

山区公路交通安全标志设计

为了大幅度降低山区公路交通事故率,以实地测试、调查方法以及心理认知机理,概括了山区公路的道路特征和交通事故的特点,分析了驾驶人员的安全认知和行为特性,指出了山区公路交通安全标志须以初次使用该道路的驾驶人员为设计依据。研究了山区公路不同道路环境下交通安全信息,指出山区公路应在弯道处实行大小车辆分别限速,并给出了限速方式;长大坡路段应提供整体性道路信息以及交通安全标志的设置要求;异常气候条件下须提供预警性信息。认为在山区公路建设中,可以通过对交通安全标志的合理化设计,在不大幅度改变公路线形情况下,能使山区公路弯道、长大坡等特殊路段的交通事故发生率明显降低。

非公路车辆翻车安全保护技术的研究

在我国农业、矿山、建筑、水利等行业中 ,非公路车辆保有量上千万台 ,使用者上亿人 ,由于车辆技术性能和操作使用水平参差不齐 ,非公路车辆作业工况恶劣 ,特别是车辆在承载时 ,重心上移 ,整车稳定性下降 ,加上车辆在边坡作业时 ,可能出现车辆翻滚现象 ,造成人员伤亡。笔者列举并分析了瑞典、德国、美国和中国等国家的非公路车辆翻车的人员伤亡统计数据 ;指出通过建立相应的保护法规 ,增设车辆翻车安全保护装置 (ROPS) ,一定程度上保护了工作人员安全 ;同时强调我国农业及工程车辆采用翻车保护装置的必要性 ,并给出了ROPS的设计选用原则。