High-capacity Bi_(2)O_(3) anode for 2.4 V neutral aqueous sodium-ion battery-supercapacitor hybrid device through phase conversion mechanism

Aqueous battery-supercapacitor hybrid devices(BSHs)are of great importance to enrich electrochemical energy storage systems with both high energy and power densities.However,further improvement of BSHs in aqueous electrolytes is greatly hampered by operating voltage and capacity limits.Different from the conventional intercalation/de-intercalation mechanism,Bi_(2)O_(3) implements charge storage by a reversible phase conversion mechanism.Herein,taking Bi_(2)O_(3) electrode with wide potential window(from-1.2 to 1 V vs.saturated calomel electrode)and high capacity as battery-type anode,we propose that the overall performance of aqueous BSHs can be greatly upgraded under neutral condition.By paring with stable layer-structuredδ-MnO_(2) cathode,a sodium-ion Bi_(2)O_(3)//MnO_(2) BSH with an ultrahigh voltage of 2.4 V in neutral sodium sulfate electrolyte is developed for the first time.This hybrid device exhibits high capacity(~215 C g^(-1) at 1 mA cm^(-2)),relatively long lifespan(~77.2%capacity retention after 1500 cycles),remarkable energy density(71.7 Wh kg^(-1)@400.5 W kg^(-1))and power density(3204.3 W kg^(-1)@18.8 Wh kg^(-1)).Electrochemical measurements combining a set of spectroscopic techniques reveal the reversible phase conversion between bismuth oxide and metallic bismuth(Bi_(2)O_(3)?Bi0)through Bi^(2+) transition phase in neutral sodium sulfate solution,which can deliver multielectron transfer up to 6,leading to the high-energy BSHs.Our work sheds light on the feasibility of using Bi_(2)O_(3) electrode under neutral condition to address the issue of narrow voltage and low capacity for aqueous BSHs.

Mn^(4+) activated phosphors in photoelectric and energy conversion devices

Owing to their high luminous efficiency and tunable emission in both red light and far-red light regions,Mn^(4+)ion-activated phosphors have appealed significant interest in photoelectric and energy conversion devices such as white light emitting diode(W-LED),plant cultivation LED,and temperature thermometer.Up to now,Mn^(4+)has been widely introduced into the lattices of various inorganic hosts for brightly redemitting phosphors.However,how to correlate the structure-activity relationship between host framework,luminescence property,and photoelectric device is urgently demanded.In this review,we thoroughly summarize the recent advances of Mn^(4+)doped phosphors.Meanwhile,several strategies like co-doping and defect passivation for improving Mn^(4+)emission are also discussed.Most importantly,the relationship between the protocols for tailoring the structures of Mn^(4+)doped phosphors,increased luminescence performance,and the targeted devices with efficient photoelectric and energy conversion efficiency is deeply correlated.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of Mn^(4+)doped phosphors for practical applications are anticipated.We cordially anticipate that this review can deliver a deep comprehension of not only Mn^(4+)luminescence mechanism but also the crystal structure tailoring strategy of phosphors,so as to spur innovative thoughts in designing advanced phosphors and deepening the applications.

Light energy conversion device for photocatalyst 2.0%WO_3-TiO_2 with oxygen vacancies for water splitting

Using carbon felt, polytetrafluoroethylene latex and powder catalyst to assembly a light energy conversion device, the photocatalytic activity of catalyst 2.0%WO3-TiO2 （2%WO3 compounding TiO2） with oxygen vacancies was studied through the water splitting for O2 evolution, using a high pressure mercury lamp as the light source and Fe^3＋ as the electron acceptor in two different devices： an ordinary photolysis device with catalyst powder suspending through a magnetic stirrer and a self-assembly light energy conversion device. The results show that after 12 h irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of 2.0%WO3-TiO2 with oxygen vacancies in the self-assembly light energy conversion device is higher than that of the ordinary photolysis device, and the amount of oxygen evolution is about 12 and 9 mmol/L respectively in these two devices. After 12 h, the rates of 02 evolution are slow in each device and the photocatalyst almost loses the photoactivity in the ordinary photolysis device. So, compared with the ordinary photocatalytic device, the rate of oxygen evolution and the life time of the catalyst are improved in the self-assembly light energy conversion device.

Light-Material Interactions Using Laser and Flash Sources for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress in light-material interactions(LMIs),focusing on lasers and flash lights for energy conversion and storage applications.We discuss intricate LMI parameters such as light sources,interaction time,and fluence to elucidate their importance in material processing.In addition,this study covers various light-induced photothermal and photochemical processes ranging from melting,crystallization,and ablation to doping and synthesis,which are essential for developing energy materials and devices.Finally,we present extensive energy conversion and storage applications demonstrated by LMI technologies,including energy harvesters,sensors,capacitors,and batteries.Despite the several challenges associated with LMIs,such as complex mechanisms,and high-degrees of freedom,we believe that substantial contributions and potential for the commercialization of future energy systems can be achieved by advancing optical technologies through comprehensive academic research and multidisciplinary collaborations.

串行设备与DeviceNet总线协议转换的实现

目前,工业现场许多一次和二次仪表都带有RS-232/RS-485串行接口,可通过协议转换装置将这些串行设备应用到DeviceNet总线系统中。文中对串行设备和DeviceNet总线协议转换的关键问题进行了分析,提出了基本的解决思路和实现方法。

Investigation on the Oscillating Buoy Wave Power Device

An oscillating buoy wave power device (OD) is a device extracting wave power by an oscillating buoy. Being excited by waves, the buoy heaves up and down to convert wave energy into electricity by means of a mechanical or hydraulic device. Compared with an Oscillating Water Column (OWC) wave power device, the OD has the same capture width ratio as the OWC does, but much higher secondary conversion efficiency. Moreover, the chamber of the OWC, which is the most expensive and difficult part to be built, is not necessary for the OD, so it is easier to construct an OD. In this paper, a numerical calculation is conducted for an optimal design of the OD firstly, then a model of the device is built and, a model test is carried out in a wave tank. The results show that the total efficiency of the OD is much higher than that of the OWC and that the OD is a promising wave power device.

Oxidative Molecular Layer Deposition Tailoring Eco-Mimetic Nanoarchitecture to Manipulate Electromagnetic Attenuation and Self-Powered Energy Conversion

Advanced electromagnetic devices,as the pillars of the intelligent age,are setting off a grand transformation,redefining the structure of society to present pluralism and diversity.However,the bombardment of electromagnetic radiation on society is also increasingly serious along with the growing popularity of"Big Data".Herein,drawing wisdom and inspiration from nature,an eco-mimetic nanoarchitecture is constructed for the first time,highly integrating the advantages of multiple components and structures to exhibit excellent electromagnetic response.Its electromagnetic properties and internal energy conversion can be flexibly regulated by tailoring microstructure with oxidative molecular layer deposition(oMLD),providing a new cognition to frequency-selective microwave absorption.The optimal reflection loss reaches≈−58 dB,and the absorption frequency can be shifted from high frequency to low frequency by increasing the number of oMLD cycles.Meanwhile,a novel electromagnetic absorption surface is designed to enable ultra-wideband absorption,covering almost the entire K and Ka bands.More importantly,an ingenious self-powered device is constructed using the eco-mimetic nanoarchitecture,which can convert electromagnetic radiation into electric energy for recycling.This work offers a new insight into electromagnetic protection and waste energy recycling,presenting a broad application prospect in radar stealth,information communication,aerospace engineering,etc.

Elastic twisting metamaterial for perfect longitudinal-torsional wave mode conversion

In this work,we design a twisting metamaterial for longitudinal-torsional(L-T)mode conversion in pipes through exploring the theory of perfect transmodal FabryPerot interference(TFPI).Assuming that the axial and radial motions in pipes can be decoupled,we find that the metamaterial can be designed in a rectangular coordinate system,which is much more convenient than that in a cylindrical system.Numerical calculation with detailed microstructures shows that an efficient L-T mode conversion can be obtained in pipes with different radii.In addition,we fabricate mode-converting microstructures on an aluminum pipe and conduct ultrasonic experiments,and the results are in good agreement with the numerical calculations.We expect that the proposed LT mode-converting metamaterial and its design methodology can be applied in various ultrasonic devices.

In-fiber photoelectric device based on graphene-coated tilted fiber grating

Graphene and related two-dimensional materials have attracted great research interests due to prominently optical and electrical properties and flexibility in integration with versatile photonic structures.Here,we report an in-fiber photoelec-tric device by wrapping a few-layer graphene and bonding a pair of electrodes onto a tilted fiber Bragg grating(TFBG)for photoelectric and electric-induced thermo-optic conversions.The transmitted spectrum from this device consists of a dense comb of narrowband resonances that provides an observable window to sense the photocurrent and the electrical injection in the graphene layer.The device has a wavelength-sensitive photoresponse with responsivity up to 11.4 A/W,allowing the spectrum analysis by real-time monitoring of photocurrent evolution.Based on the thermal-optic effect of electrical injection,the graphene layer is energized to produce a global red-shift of the transmission spectrum of the TF-BG,with a high sensitivity approaching 2.167×10^(4)nm/A^(2).The in-fiber photoelectric device,therefore as a powerful tool,could be widely available as off-the-shelf product for photodetection,spectrometer and current sensor.

Advanced Power Module Packaging and Integration Structures for High Frequency Power Conversion：From Silicon to GaN

The emerging of commercial high-voltage gallium nitride(GaN) power devices provides extraordinary switching performance over silicone devices, which enables high-voltage power conversion switching at megahertz range.Such outstanding features also pose strong challenges for device packaging design since the package parasitics can significantly influence the device switching characteristics, and thus can shadow the advantages brought by GaN devices. Designers have been dealing with these challenges brought by high du/dt and high-frequency switching operation even since the silicon(Si) era when fast switching Si MOSFET is first developed and came up with lots of inspiring advanced power module packaging structures to mitigate the problems.This paper presents a review of advanced power module packaging and integration structures that are suitable for high frequency power conversion.The review covers the heritage from the high frequency Si MOSFET packaging to the state-of-the-art for GaN devices.

Flux-to-voltage characteristic simulation of superconducting nanowire interference device

Inspired by recent discoveries of the quasi-Josephson effect in shunted nanowire devices,we propose a superconducting nanowire interference device in this study,which is a combination of parallel ultrathin superconducting nanowires and a shunt resistor.A simple model based on the switching effect of nanowires and fluxoid quantization effect is developed to describe the behavior of the device.The current-voltage characteristic and flux-to-voltage conversion curves are simulated and discussed to verify the feasibility.Appropriate parameters of the shunt resistor and inductor are deduced for fabricating the devices.

On the Absence of Carrier Drift in Two-Terminal Devices and the Origin of Their Lowest Resistance Per Carrier R_k=h/Q²

After a criticism on today’s model for electrical noise in resistors, we pass to use a Quantum-compliant model based on the discreteness of electrical charge in a complex Admittance. From this new model we show that carrier drift viewed as charged particle motion in response to an electric field is unlike to occur in bulk regions of Solid-State devices where carriers react as dipoles against this field. The absence of the shot noise that charges drifting in resistors should produce and the evolution of the Phase Noise with the active power existing in the resonators of L-C oscillators, are two effects added in proof for this conduction model without carrier drift where the resistance of any two-terminal device becomes discrete and has a minimum value per carrier that is the Quantum Hall resistance Rk=h/q2

Cascadability of Uniform Fibre Bragg Grating for 40 Gbit/s RZ-OOK to NRZ-OOK Conversion

The cascadability of uniform fibre Bragg grating for 40 Gbit/s return to zero on-off keying to non-return to zero on-off keying format conversion has been shown using OptSim simulation program. The main idea of this approach is use of specially designed uniform fibre Bragg grating with appropriate transfer function for shaping of 40 Gbit/s return to zero on-off keying optical spectrum. Error free performance is achieved after four cascades of uniform fibre Bragg grating with different reflectivity values.

Practical Realization of a Hybrid Solution for Photovoltaic and Photothermal Conversion

In this paper, an idea and a realization of a hybrid Operational solar system is presented and practically verified discussed on the base of the performance and efficiency results, is confirmed. solution for photovoltaic and photothermal conversion is presented. by the series of experiments. Improvements of the construction are The synergy effect ofphotothermal and photovoltaic part cooperation

基于LabVIEW的继电保护测试仪自动检测系统设计

针对现有的继电保护测试仪检测程序繁琐,自动化程度低,点对点调试效率低下等问题,提出基于LabVIEW的继电保护测试仪自动检测系统;系统硬件以STM32F407ZGT6为主控芯片研制了继电保护测试仪输出转换装置,自动控制测试仪与标准器连成试验回路,代替人工拆接线行为;系统软件以LabVIEW为开发平台,设计了仪器通信、自动检测、生成报告、强制选择测点等模块,实现了继电保护测试仪的全自动检测;通过对某型继电保护测试仪进行测试,结果表明该系统工作状态稳定,能够实现一键式全自动检测,用户界面友好,可以替代繁琐的人工检测方法,具有一定的工程应用前景。

波浪能供电观测浮标防腐方案设计及仿真

针对波浪能供电观测浮标的结构组成,分析其工作原理、运动特性、各系统处的海洋腐蚀环境,将浮标划分成多个海洋污损区域。基于目前的防腐方法和浮标复杂的海洋腐蚀环境,综合考虑成本及施工时效性,提出一种防腐油漆涂层加阴极保护双组合的防腐方法,并进行外加电流阴极保护防腐系统及关键参数的设计。通过数值模拟,确定该系统布置在浮标主浮体侧面可实现较好的防腐效果。最后,提出两种防腐系统位置布置方案。

伺服阀产线的智能协议转换技术研究

针对多源异构设备数据之间互联互通的实际需求,提出了一种多源数据智能协议转换技术。以数据协议为核心,将采集的信息来源对象化后导入协议解析数据库,归一化后,基于不同应用需求的重构协议,如OPC UA(OPC Unified Architecture),输出XML(Extensible Markup Language)文件或存储至服务器,最后将数据库接入到产线的数据集成管控系统进行数据分析和可视化展示。以民机伺服阀产线产品调试设备为研究对象,采集油源、测试台和试验箱等设备状态和运行参数,对提出的数据协议转换技术进行了验证。实验证明,所提出的方法实现了油源、测试台和试验箱等设备数据之间的互联互通,为多源异构设备数据采集的融合应用提供了基础。

方钴矿热电器件性能衰减影响因素研究

热电器件性能直接影响着热电转换装置的转换效率及使用寿命。本工作针对方钴矿热电器件高温服役环境下性能衰减的问题,采用大功率热电器件测试系统开展热电器件服役性能影响因素研究。结果表明,方钴矿热电转换装置输出功率随着时间延长而显著降低,其主要原因在于高温条件下方钴矿热电材料、电极材料与Fe基防扩散阻挡层之间发生相互反应生成扩散层,致使界面电阻增大;同时,由于热电材料、电极材料与Fe基防扩散阻挡层的热膨胀系数匹配性能不佳,高温条件下焊接界面处开裂,热电器件内阻增大。由此可见,防扩散阻挡层的高温稳定性和热膨胀匹配性是影响方钴矿热电器件性能的关键,成为后续方钴矿热电器件实现工程应用的核心问题。

基于方形开口环的太赫兹偏振转换器设计

基于方形开口环与金属棒组合的超材料结构,提出一种新型透射式太赫兹偏振转换器件。研究了基本结构单元的不同组合方式对偏振转换特性的影响,并通过优化结构单元的相关参数,提高了偏振转换功能的工作带宽。最终在0.45~1.30 THz范围内实现了高效的X-Y方向交叉极化偏振转换,有望用于集成化太赫兹偏振转换器件的研究和应用中。

基于暗特性曲线提取辐伏转换器件特性参数的算法

开展辐伏电池理论研究需要计算辐伏转换器件的特性参数,通过特性参数即可预测辐照条件下辐伏转换器件的输出特性,为辐伏电池设计提供重要理论参考。本研究算法基于辐伏转换器件暗特性曲线,计算辐伏转换器件的特性参数,并通过统计学方法分析计算特性参数的优劣。并利用提取出的特性参数预测转换器件在源辐照条件下的特性曲线并与实际测量的辐照特性曲线对比,以证明算法的有效性。结果表明,计算结果在曲线拟合和输出特性预测上均取得了良好的效果。此算法能够在不辐照器件的基础上,通过暗特性曲线预测电池输出特性,可为辐伏电池的设计提供指导。