Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control with a Fractional-Order Integral Action

Linear active disturbance rejection control(LADRC)is a powerful control structure thanks to its performance in uncertainties,internal and external disturbances estimation and cancelation.An extended state observer(ESO)based controller is the key to the LADRC method.In this article,the LADRC scheme combined with a fractional-order integral action(FOILADRC)is proposed to improve the robustness of the standard LADRC.Using the robust closed-loop Bode’s ideal transfer function(BITF),an appropriate pole placement method is proposed to design the set-point tracking controller of the FOI-LADRC scheme.Numerical simulations and experimental results on a cart-pendulum system will illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed FOI-LADRC scheme for the disturbance rejection,the set-point tracking and the improved robustness.To illustrate the LADRC control schemes and to verify the performance of the proposed FOI-LADRC,compared to the standard LADRC and IOI-LADRC structures,two tests will be carried out.First,simulation tests on an academic example will be presented to show the effect of the different parameters of the control law on the performance of the closed-loop system.Then,these three control structures are implemented on an experimental test bench,the cart-pendulum system,to show their efficiency and to show the superiority of the proposed method compared to the two other structures.

Fractional Order Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Linear Flexible Joint System

A linear flexible joint system using fractional order linear active disturbance rejection control is studied in this paper.With this control scheme,the performance against disturbances,uncertainties,and attenuation is enhanced.Linear active disturbance rejection control(LADRC)is mainly based on an extended state observer(ESO)technology.A fractional integral(FOI)action is combined with the LADRC technique which proposes a hybrid control scheme like FO-LADRC.Incorporating this FOI action improves the robustness of the standard LADRC.The set-point tracking of the proposed FO-LADRC scheme is designed by Bode’s ideal transfer function(BITF)based robust closed-loop concept,an appropriate pole placement method.The effectiveness of the proposed FO-LADRC scheme is illustrated through experimental results on the linear flexible joint system(LFJS).The results show the enhancement of the robustness with disturbance rejection.Furthermore,a comparative analysis is presented with the results obtained using the integer-order LADRC and FO-LADRC scheme.

A hybrid multi-degree-of-freedom vibration isolation platform for spacecrafts by the linear active disturbance rejection control

The hybrid vibration isolation, which takes advantages of both the passive and active approaches, has been an important solution for space missions. The objective of this paper is to design a vibration isolation platform for payloads on spacecrafts with the robust, wide bandwidth, and multi-degree-of-freedom(MDOF). The proposed solution is based on a parallel mechanism with six voice-coil motors(VCMs) as the actuators. The linear active disturbance resistance control(LADRC) algorithm is used for the active control. Numerical simulation results show that the vibration isolation platform performs effectively over a wide bandwidth, and the resonance introduced by the passive isolation is eliminated. The system robustness to the uncertainties of the structure is also verified by simulation.

Design of active disturbance rejection internal model control strategy for SISO system with time delay process

A novel control scheme of active disturbance rejection internal model control(ADRIMC) is proposed to improve the anti-interference ability and robustness for the dead-time process. The active anti-interference concept is introduced into the internal model control(IMC) by analyzing the relationship between IMC and disturbance observer control(DOB). Further, a design process of disturbance filter is presented to realize the active anti-interference ability for ADRIMC scheme. The disturbance filter is used to estimate an equivalent disturbance consisting of both external disturbances and internal disturbances caused by model mismatches.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method possesses a good disturbance rejection performance, though losing some partial dynamic performance. In other words, the proposed method shows a tradeoff between the dynamic performance and the system robust.

Control of Linear Servo Carts with Integral-Based Disturbance Rejection

This paper describes a system designed for linear servo cart systems that employs an integral-based Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control(ILADRC)scheme to detect and respond to disturbances.The upgrade in this control technique provides extensive immunity to uncertainties,attenuation,internal disturbances,and external sources of noise.The fundamental technology base of LADRC is Extended State Observer(ESO).LADRC,when combined with Integral action,becomes a hybrid control technique,namely ILADRC.Setpoint tracking is based on Bode’s Ideal Transfer Function(BITF)in this proposed ILADRC technique.This proves to be a very robust and appropriate pole placement scheme.The proposed LSC system has experimented with the hybrid ILADRC technique plotted the results.From the results,it is evident that the proposed ILADRC scheme enhances the robustness of the LSC system with remarkable disturbance rejection.Furthermore,the results of a linear quadratic regulator(LQR)and ILADRC schemes are comparatively analyzed.This analysis deduced the improved performance of ILADRC over the LQR control scheme.

永磁同步电机改进型鲁棒模型预测转矩控制

针对永磁同步电机传统模型预测转矩控制策略存在脉动大、抗干扰能力差、权重因子需要反复调试等缺点,提出了一种基于自抗扰控制器的改进型鲁棒模型预测转矩控制策略。首先,通过设计转速环自抗扰控制器,并引入一种连续且平滑的新型fal函数,进一步提高了自抗扰控制的控制性能。然后,设计了一种无权重系数的价值函数,优化系统控制性能的同时简化了设计过程,解决了权重因子调试的问题。最后,采用两步预测降低延时对控制系统的影响,提高了控制精度。仿真和实验结果表明,提出的改进型鲁棒模型预测转矩控制策略有效降低了系统脉动,提高了系统的控制性能和参数鲁棒性。

Active disturbance rejection control： Applications in aerospace

Control of uncertain dynamical systems has been an area of active research for the past several decades and to this end, various robust control approaches have been proposed in the literature. The active disturbance rejection control （ADRC） represents one prominent approach that has been widely studied and applied for designing robust controllers in diverse areas of engineering applications. In this work, a brief review of the approach and some of its applications in aerospace are discussed. The results show that the approach possesses immense potential to offer viable solution to real-life aerospace problems.

高超声速飞行器积分滑模自抗扰控制研究

针对高超声速飞行器不确定性问题,提出了一种自抗扰控制与积分滑模控制结合的跟踪策略。通过对高超声速飞行器模型的分析,将其转变为速度子系统和高度子系统,其中速度子系统是典型的一阶系统,高度子系统则由高度环、航迹角环、俯仰角环组成。采用跟踪微分器安排系统的过渡过程,使用扩张状态观测器对系统总扰动进行估计。设计积分滑模控制律代替自抗扰控制中的非线性状态误差反馈控制律。结果表明所设计的跟踪控制策略对不确定性具有很强的鲁棒性,与传统滑模自抗扰控制相比,其在调节时间、跟踪精度和控制信号平滑性方面更有优势。

Active disturbance rejection control of nonlinear SISO Lagrangian systems via endogenous injections and exogenous feedback for trajectory tracking

This article deals with a linear classical approach for the robust output reference trajectory tracking control of nonlinear SISO Lagrangian systems with a controllable(fAat)tangent linearization around an operating equilibrium point.An endogenous injections and exogenous feedback(EIEF)approach is proposed,which is naturally equivalent to the generalized propor-tional integral control method and to a robust classical compensation network.It is shown that the EIEF controller is also equivalent,within a frequency domain setting demanding respect for the separation principle,to the reduced order observer based active disturbance rejection control approach.The proposed linear control approach is robust with respect to total dis-turbances and,thus,it is ffective for the linear control of the nonlinear Lagrangian system.An ilustrative nonlinear rotary crane Lagrangian system example,which is non-feedback linearizable,is presented along with digital computer simulations.

计及参数摄动的EMB电机改进型高阶线性自抗扰控制

为了提高EMB的安全性和可靠性,提高EMB驱动系统的容错性和抗扰能力,提出一种基于改进型高阶线性自抗扰控制器的串级矢量控制系统。首先,提出改进型高阶线性自抗扰控制器的设计方法,通过改进型高阶线性自抗扰控制器提高系统低频抗扰能力,同时降低对高频噪声的敏感度;其次,分析归纳EMB驱动系统内存在的扰动类型,并理论分析改进型高阶线性自抗扰控制器对电机参数摄动的鲁棒性。仿真和实验结果表明:该控制策略和控制算法可以实现对EMB驱动系统内电机参数变化、负载扰动、电流交叉耦合和宽频域扰动等多种扰动类型的抑制,验证了其有效性。最终,EMB驱动系统实现了5倍电机参数摄动下的抗扰控制。通过动态解耦,提高了EMB驱动系统在高速时的动态性能。该控制策略和控制算法显著提高了EMB驱动系统的容错性和鲁棒性。

基于NLADRC的水下飞行器姿态控制算法

针对水下飞行器系统模型中非线性强、并且在水下运动的过程中常遇到各种干扰的问题,提出一种抗扰性较强的非线性自抗扰姿态控制算法。根据刚体动力学理论,得到水下飞行器的三自由度俯仰运动模型,并详细阐述自抗扰控制器的结构及各个组成部分,确定参数整定的原则。仿真表明本算法可以通过单一改变观测器和控制器带宽大小而完成对姿态跟踪控制的调整,与传统PID控制和最优控制相比,非线性自抗扰控制器喷管摆角变化幅度和超调量更小、过渡时间更短,在有脉冲力矩干扰情况下,控制效果更好,为后面水下飞行器的进一步实验提供理论依据。

基于相位补偿的过热汽温自抗扰控制

随着可再生能源接入电网比例的逐步增大,热力发电厂需要应对更加频繁、更大范围的负荷变化,给电厂的高阶大惯性过热汽温过程的控制带来严峻的挑战。为此,文中针对一类高阶大惯性过热汽温过程,提出一种基于相位补偿的自抗扰控制(phase compensation based active disturbance rejection control,PC-ADRC)方法。首先,阐述过热汽温系统的工作原理和控制难点。然后,采用低频近似法详细推导相位补偿(phase compensation,PC)网络模型,提出采用PC网络对模型动态特性进行补偿,得到等效降阶模型的简化思路。为便于工程应用,给出PC-ADRC系统的简单实现方法和等效模型分析。最后,对PC-ADRC系统的稳定性和鲁棒性进行研究。理论分析和仿真结果表明,所提出的PC-ADRC系统能有效提升高阶过程控制系统的鲁棒性和快速响应能力。

高超声速飞行器发汗冷却系统自抗扰控制研究

针对高超声速飞行器发汗冷却系统的温度控制问题,在一维固定边界发汗冷却模型的基础上,提出了用于调节飞行器壁面多孔介质温度的自抗扰控制器,并进行了数值仿真。该控制器不依赖于多孔介质温度场精确的数学模型,通过从系统的输入输出数据中提取干扰信息并进行补偿,实现对热流干扰的抑制。仿真结果表明,针对发汗冷却系统设计的自抗扰控制器,能够实现对参考温度的快速跟踪;且相较于传统的PID控制,温度响应没有超调;在有外界热流干扰时,具有较强的鲁棒性和适应性,可以为发汗冷却控制系统的工程应用提供一定参考。

悬浮斩波器的自抗扰电流跟随控制研究

随着磁浮列车的高速发展,其悬浮系统对电流环响应速度与精度的要求日渐提高,为此提出将自抗扰控制ADRC(active disturbance rejection control)技术用于悬浮斩波器的控制中。首先阐述磁浮列车悬浮系统与斩波器的数学模型;然后介绍自抗扰控制器的基本结构与工作原理,并设计悬浮斩波器中自抗扰电流跟随模型;最后通过改变斩波器模型的参数和施加外部扰动进行系统仿真,并与传统比例积分PI(proportional-integral)控制进行对比。结果表明,自抗扰控制对悬浮斩波器具有良好的电流跟随效果,对外部扰动及对象模型参数的变化具有良好的抗干扰性和鲁棒性,且自抗扰控制算法降低了数学模型的依赖性,为悬浮斩波器的控制提供了优化方案。

基于自抗扰采样控制的车辆转向跟踪

运用自抗扰采样控制策略研究四轮转向车辆的模型参考跟踪控制问题。设计一个采样数据驱动的扩展状态观测器来同时估计跟踪误差和侧风扰动,并基于估计跟踪误差和估计干扰构建自抗扰采样控制器。利用增广系统和输入延迟系统建模方法,并结合Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函方法,得到采样周期依赖的H∞性能分析结果。进一步,运用锥补线性化技术提出优化控制设计算法,能够获得最小的H∞性能指标并实现控制器增益和观测器增益的协同设计。通过仿真结果验证,所提出的自抗扰采样控制方法通过前轮和后轮转向使得车辆的侧偏角和偏航角速度能够在数据采样环境下跟踪期望目标,而经典的基于干扰观测器的控制方法无法完成跟踪控制任务;所提控制方法相比于经典的比例控制降低95%的跟踪误差。

基于电流偏差的PMSM滑模自抗扰解耦控制

针对永磁同步电机运行过程中存在电流耦合以及电感参数失配时动态解耦效果不佳的问题,提出一种基于电流偏差的永磁同步电机滑模自抗扰解耦控制方法。该方法基于d、q轴同步旋转坐标系下的电机数学模型,采用偏差解耦控制对电机d、q轴的电流耦合项进行补偿;为加快启动时系统趋于稳定的时间并降低输出抖振,采用积分滑模控制引入双曲正切函数设计了一种包含系统状态量的新型趋近律;将电流估计值与实际值的差值作为扩张观测量对扰动进行综合观测和补偿,从理论分析证明了该控制器的稳定性,仿真和试验结果表明,该方法提高了电机的快速性和动态控制性能,进而实现d、q轴电流近似完全解耦。

基于自抗扰控制器的无刷直流电机控制系统

自抗扰控制器(ADRC)是在继承经典PID不依赖于对象模型优点的基础上，通过改进经典PID固有缺陷而形成的新型控制器，性能优良并且算法简单。无刷直流电机作为一个非线性系统，采用经典PID控制难以得到满意的控制效果。为了提高控制系统的动态性能和鲁棒性，文中给出了无刷直流电机的自抗扰控制方案。该控制方案不需要精确电机参数就可以实现干扰补偿，控制器的设计也不需要建立电机的精确数学模型。自抗扰控制器利用其内部的扩张状态观测器可以估计出系统的内外扰动，据此将电机等效为由两个非线性系统构成的串联对象，然后设计两个一阶自抗扰控制器实现对电机的内外环控制，内环控制电流，外环控制转速。实验结果表明，自抗扰控制器对电机模型的不确定性和外部扰动变化具有较强的适应性和鲁棒性，控制系统具有优良的动态性能。

自抗扰控制器在永磁同步电机控制中的应用

为了解决永磁同步电机(PMSM)调速系统突加负载或负载扰动时控制性能差的问题,提出用自抗扰控制技术设计PMSM控制方案.将负载突变和负载扰动归为未知扰动,用自抗扰控制器进行估计、补偿和控制.仿真结果表明,该方法能够提高系统的响应速度,减小稳态误差且无超调,能有效地抑制负载变化对转速的影响.

基于遗传算法的永磁同步电机自抗扰控制

永磁同步电机常用的PID控制方式存在超调、抗扰动性能差等缺点。为了降低扰动对PMSM系统性能的影响,采用自抗扰控制方法,将系统固有扰动、因参数和负载等变化产生的扰动归为总和扰动,通过扩张状态观测器对系统状态和总扰动进行估计,并将观测值实时反馈给具有鲁棒性的控制器,从而抑制系统扰动,并用遗传算法优化自抗扰控制器ESO的部分参数。仿真表明:采用遗传算法优化的自抗扰控制提高了系统的响应速度和精度,有效抑制了扰动对PMSM跟踪精度的影响,实验也验证了系统的抗负载扰动性能优于PID控制,系统的鲁棒性强。

自抗扰控制在永磁同步电机无速度传感器调速系统的应用

在永磁同步电机(PMSM)无速度传感器调速系统中,为解决负载扰动时控制性能变差的问题,提出用自抗扰控制技术的PMSM控制方案,将负载扰动归为未知扰动,用自抗扰控制(ADRC)来进行估计、补偿和控制。另外,为实现无速度传感器运行,利用ADRC中的扩张状态观测器(ESO)对扰动的估计值进行转速的辨识。仿真表明采用自抗扰控制方法不仅能够提高系统的响应速度,减小稳态误差,并且超调很小,能有效的抑制负载扰动带来的影响,而且ESO估计出来的转速精度高,对电机参数变化不敏感,鲁棒性好。