A REVERSED-FRAME NORMALIZATION DESIGN OF ROBUST FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

In this paper, a discussion is devoted to the theory and method of a reversed-frame normalization design to robust flight control system. The robust stability theory of the normal transfer function matrix with the same characteristic gain loci is proved. An example of flight control system design shows the application and advantage of this method.

Robust Near-Hovering Flight Controller for Model-Scale Helicopters Via Parametric Approach

This paper aims to provide a parametric design for robust flight controller of the model-scale helicopter. The main contributions lie in two aspects. Firstly,under near-hovering condition,a procedure is presented for simplification of the highly nonlinear and under-actuated model of the model-scale helicopter. This nonlinear system is linearized around the trim values of the chosen flight mode,followed by decomposing this high-order linear model into three lower-order subsystems according to the coupling properties among channels.After decomposition,the three subsystems are obtained which include the coupling subsystem between the roll( pitch) motion and the lateral( longitudinal) motion,the subsystem of the yaw motion and the subsystem of the vertical motion. Secondly,by using eigenstructure assignment,the problem of flight controller design can be converted into solving two optimization problems and the linear robust controllers of these subsystems are designed through solving these optimization problems. Besides, this paper contrasts and analyzed the performances of the LQR controller and the parametric controller. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and the robustness against the parametric perturbations of the parametric controller.

Interval Criterion of Robust Stability for Nonlinear System and Its Application to Flight Control

Robust stability for a series of nonlinear systems is presented in this paper. Through different region descriptions, the problem of stability for a complex nonlinear system is transformed into ones of the robust stabilities of several linear time-invariant systems. To get useful robust stability conditions, an expression for interval system is given, and the relationship between the internal stability and low- or supper-bound stability of interval systems is discussed. Thus, the polynomial matrix inequality for the determination of system robust stability is developed. Based on the equivalency transformation of the inequality, the solvable condition of the inequality is obtained. By means of the condition, robust stability theorem for interval systems is presented and a new design method of feedback control for nonlinear system is achieved. Applications to flight controller design show that the new method is efficient for uncertain system design.

New robust fault-tolerant controller for self-repairing flight control systems

A new robust fault-tolerant controller scheme integrating a main controller and a compensator for the self-repairing flight control system is discussed.The main controller is designed for high performance of the original faultless system.The compensating controller can be seen as a standalone loop added to the system to compensate the effects of fault guaranteeing the stability of the system.A design method is proposed using nonlinear dynamic inverse control as the main controller and nonlinear extended state observer-based compensator.The stability of the whole closed-loop system is analyzed.Feasibility and validity of the new controller is demonstrated with an aircraft simulation example.

Robust bounded control for uncertain flight dynamics using disturbance observer

The robust bounded flight control scheme is developed for the uncertain longitudinal flight dynamics of the fighter with control input saturation invoking the backstepping technique. To enhance the disturbance rejection ability of the robust flight control for fighters, the sliding mode disturbance observer is designed to estimate the compounded disturbance including the unknown external disturbance and the effect of the control input saturation. Based on the backstepping technique and the compounded disturbance estimated output, the robust bounded flight control scheme is proposed for the fighter with the unknown external disturbance and the control input saturation. The closed-loop system stability under the developed robust bounded flight control scheme is rigorously proved using the Lyapunov method and the uniformly asymptotical convergences of all closed-loop signals are guaranteed. Finally, simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed robust bounded flight control scheme for the uncertain longitudinal flight dynamics of the fighter.

Nominal Model-Based Sliding Mode Control with Backstepping for 3-Axis Flight Table

Based on nominal model, a novel global sliding mode controller （GSMC） with a new control scheme is proposed for a practical uncertain servo system. This control scheme consists of two combined controllers, One is the global sliding mode controller for practical plant, the other is the integral backstepping controller for nominal model. Modeling error between practical plant and nominal model is used to design GSMC. The steady-state control accuracy can be guaranteed by the integral backstepping control law, and the global robustness can be obtained by GSMC. The stability of the proposed controller is proved according to the Lyapunov approach. The simulation results both of sine signal and step signal tracking for 3-axis flight table are investigated to show good position tracking performance and high robustness with respect to large and parameter changes over all the response time.

Zero phase error control based on neural compensation for flight simulator servo system

Using the future desired input value, zero phase error controller enables the overall system＇s frequency response exhibit zero phase shift for all frequencies and a small gain error at low frequency range, and based on this, a new algorithm is presented to design the feedforward controller. However, zero phase error controller is only suitable for certain linear system. To reduce the tracking error and improve robustness, the design of the proposed feedforward controller uses a neural compensation based on diagonal recurrent neural network. Simulation and real-time control results for flight simulator servo system show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Robust Coordinated Control for a Type of Hypersonic Aircraft

We investigate couplings between variables of attitude dynamics for a hypersonic aircraft,and present a nonlinear robust coordinated control scheme for it.First,we design three kinds of coordinated factors to restrain the strong couplings.Then,we use projection mapping to estimate the uncertain nonlinear functions of the aircraft.Combining the coordinated factors and the designed control laws,we obtain a coordinated torque and assign it to the control deflection commands by using the allocation matrix.A stability analysis demonstrates that all the signals of the closed-loop system are uniformly and fully bounded.Finally,the robust coordinated performance of the designed scheme is verified through numerical simulations.

测量噪声下的高超声速飞行器组合观测鲁棒控制

针对高超声速飞行器大包络飞行时,风场等外部干扰和测量噪声导致控制系统性能变差甚至失稳的问题,提出了一种基于状态观测的高超声速飞行器鲁棒控制策略。考虑噪声和外部干扰影响下系统状态受扰的问题,设计了扩张状态观测器(ESO)和自适应Kalman滤波器(AKF)的特殊组合,在统计特性未知的噪声和外部干扰影响下准确估计系统状态。其中,自适应Kalman滤波器用于滤除噪声,为扩张状态观测器提供不受噪声影响的状态估计,扩张状态观测器连续为自适应Kalman滤波器提供外部干扰估计。基于系统状态估计设计线性高斯二次型控制器,实现高超声速飞行器精确轨迹跟踪。最后,通过仿真验证了该方法在测量噪声及风干扰影响下的鲁棒跟踪能力。

ROBUST STABILITY CRITERIA FOR SYSTEM WITH DELAY & ITS APPLICATION TO FCS

A study is devoted to the delay robust stability for linear system with time delay, using matrix analysis and comparison theory on differential integral difference equations. Since the matrix norm used to derive the results may be arbitrary consistent matrix norm, the obtained results possess some agility, and it makes quite convenient to check stability for linear systems with time delay. In particular, a sufficient and necessary condition for delay robust stability is obtained, and a formula to calculate the maximum delay for systems with stability is given. At the end, the results are used to analyze a flight control system (FCS). Comparison with some literature shows that the criteria in this paper are not only simple, but also of small conservativeness.

Robust fault detection and diagnosis for uncertain nonlinear systems

This paper considers robust fault detection and diagnosis for input uncertain nonlinear systems. It proposes a multi-objective fault detection criterion so that the fault residual is sensitive to the fault but insensitive to the uncertainty as much as possible. Then the paper solves the proposed criterion by maximizing the smallest singular value of the transformation from faults to fault detection residuals while minimizing the largest singular value of the transformation from input uncertainty to the fault detection residuals. This method is applied to an aircraft which has a fault in the left elevator or rudder. The simulation results show the proposed method can detect the control surface failures rapidly and efficiently.

无人直升机LPV控制律设计

针对无人直升机航迹控制要求,提出一种基于线性变参数(LPV)控制理论的无人直升机一体化式飞行控制律设计方法,通过速度、侧滑角、高度和偏航角控制通道的显模型跟踪控制,实现无人直升机航迹控制。建立了无人直升机高阶非线性动力学模型,模型中考虑了旋翼桨叶挥舞和摆振运动、旋翼动态入流、机体运动之间的运动耦合,用于检验直升机高阶运动特性对控制律性能和闭环系统稳定性的影响。由于无人直升机的非线性动力学模型是典型的周期性系统,基于简谐平衡方法进行无人直升机的配平和模型线性化计算,在速度包线内得到用于控制律设计的无人直升机LPV模型,通过凸函数优化方法求解LPV控制律的参数。基于典型直升机机动,采用数值仿真方法对LPV控制律在传感器噪声影响下的控制性能进行检验,仿真结果表明:LPV控制律在速度包线内具有良好的控制性能和鲁棒性,无人直升机闭环系统在机动飞行中满足给定的性能要求。

复合式无人直升机姿态自抗扰控制

复合式无人直升机涉及多个冗余操纵输入,输入策略不同飞行器输出响应也就不同,该系统则是一个非线性强耦合的被控对象。因系统内部高阶动力学难以建模、外部扰动不明确,给飞行控制系统设计验证带来极大困难。为使复合式无人直升机在整个飞行包线内稳定飞行,姿态控制律设计至关重要。在建立复合式无人直升机运动特性数学模型基础上,设计不同飞行模式操纵策略,构建被控对象Simulink仿真模型。运用自抗扰控制(ADRC)技术设计姿态ADRC器,再以对比方法验证姿态ADRC的控制效果好于姿态比例积分微分PID控制器。仿真结果表明:姿态ADRC的抗干扰性和鲁棒性能满足复合式无人直升机姿态控制要求,确保无人直升机在不同飞行模式下快速稳定飞行。

Friction compensation for low velocity control of hydraulic flight motion simulator: A simple adaptive robust approach

Low-velocity tracking capability is a key performance of flight motion simulator （FMS）, which is mainly affected by the nonlinear friction force. Though many compensation schemes with ad hoc friction models have been proposed, this paper deals with low-velocity control without friction model, since it is easy to be implemented in practice. Firstly, a nonlinear model of the FMS middle frame, which is driven by a hydraulic rotary actuator, is built. Noting that in the low velocity region, the unmodeled friction force is mainly characterized by a changing-slowly part, thus a simple adaptive law can be employed to learn this changing-slowly part and compensate it. To guarantee the boundedness of adaptation process, a discontinuous projection is utilized and then a robust scheme is proposed. The controller achieves a prescribed output tracking transient performance and final tracking accuracy in general while obtaining asymptotic output tracking in the absence of modeling errors. In addition, a saturated projection adaptive scheme is proposed to improve the globally learning capability when the velocity becomes large, which might make the previous proposed projection-based adaptive law be unstable. Theoretical and extensive experimental results are obtained to verify the high-performance nature of the proposed adaptive robust control strategy.

基于多模型方法的全包络鲁棒飞行控制器设计

利用新一代歼击机不同平衡点的多个非线性子模型对其机动飞行的全包络模型进行逼近。对于每一个子模型,设计相应的动态逆控制器,应用模糊神经网络产生控制器切换决策,实现不同飞行状态下不同模型控制器之间的相互切换。同时为了提高多模型飞行控制效果,对各模型控制器的输入及输出采样并作为神经网络的学习样本,形成一个全包络内的多模型统一神经网络控制器。最后通过歼击机的大迎角机动仿真来验证所设计的基于多模型的统一神经网络控制器的有效性,仿真结果表明所设计的统一神经网络控制器是有效的。

基于μ综合方法的飞机纵向鲁棒飞行控制系统设计

针对飞行控制系统设计中存在的飞机自身与外界干扰的许多不确定因素的影响,采用μ综合控制方法,根据飞行品质要求,构造了飞机纵向飞行控制系统μ综合控制设计框架,选取了不同环节的权函数。以某推力矢量飞机纵向为例,对其进行了μ综合设计并进行了数字仿真。仿真结果表明,所设计的飞行控制系统不仅具有良好的动态性能,并且具有良好的鲁棒稳定性和鲁棒性能。

折叠翼飞行器鲁棒飞行控制系统设计方法

为解决折叠翼飞行器在机载发射段主升力翼面/立尾展开前后气动特性变化较大,以及对飞行控制律鲁棒性要求较高的问题,基于飞行器六自由度非线性动态模型,应用随机鲁棒分析与设计方法(SRAD),对机载发射段折叠翼飞行器的翼面/立尾展开过程,设计了鲁棒飞行控制律,并通过对风干扰环境下的六自由度非线性弹道仿真,验证了翼面/立尾展开段鲁棒飞行控制律的有效性.

飞机俯仰运动自抗扰控制器设计

提出了利用自抗扰控制器在大包线范围内设计飞机俯仰运动控制器的新方法.利用二阶自抗扰控制器补偿系统模型扰动和外扰,实现了纵向运动俯仰角变量的跟踪控制.自抗扰控制器直接依据飞机的非线性模型,符合飞机动力学模型摄动大的特点,在很大的包线范围内不需要改变控制器的结构和参数,简化了飞行控制律的设计过程.大包线范围内的仿真结果表明,系统具有良好的动态和稳态性能,控制器具有很强的鲁棒性,为解决大包线范围内的飞行控制问题提供了一种有效的新途径.*

运输机重装备空投鲁棒控制律设计

分析了重装备空投对于运输机纵向运动的影响。建立了重装备空投的扰动运动模型。对于重装备空投过程设计了鲁棒H∞控制律,仿真结果表明所设计的控制器能够消除空投过程中由于运输机特性发生突变而带来的影响。

飞行器大包线鲁棒飞行控制律设计

对于飞行器随环境改变而参数变化范围较大的问题,研究采用鲁棒控制方法进行控制律设计。重点研究被控对象不确定的建模问题。将飞行器参数变化视为飞行器对象的不确定性,分别给出了时域和频域两种不确定性的建模方法。采用时域状态空间模型不确定性的线性分式变换描述方法,对某飞行器进行了大包线范围的μ综合鲁棒控制律设计。设计仿真结果表明,控制系统不但具有鲁棒稳定性,而且具有鲁棒性能。