Experimental Study of the Influence of Hydrous Minerals on the Melting Behaviour of Rocks at High Temperatures and Pressures

The experimental study on the melting of potassic basalt and eclogite with about 2% waterat 800-1300℃ and 1.0-3.5 GPa shows that the solidi of both rocks are significantly lower thanthose obtained from the previous experiments of the same type of rocks under dry conditions,and the former which is enriched in potassium has a lower melting point than the latter. It is con-sistent with the previous study. The melting temperature of eclogite increases with pressure,whereas potassic basalt has similar properties only at 1.5—2.5 GPa and>3.0 GPa, and at 2.5—3.0 GPa the melting temperature decreases with pressure. This can be explained as follows: (1)eclogite only has one hydrous mineral amphibole and the dehydous temperature is lower than thewet solidus of the rock. (2) Amphibole exists in potassic basalt at the pressures lower than 2.5GPa and phlogopite exists at pressures higher than 2.5 GPa, and the special compositions of bothminerals determine that amphibole has a dehydration temperature higher than or close to that ofthe wet solidus of the rocks, while phlogopite has a dehydration temperature lower than that ofthe wet solidus. On the other hand the features of the continuous solidus in the experiment ofhydrous eclogite were produced by the fact that the dehydration temperature of its amphibolelower than or close to the melting temperature of the hydrous conditions. So the melting tempera-ture lowers at higher pressures. Therefore, the composition of the rocks in the lithosphere and thetypes of hydrous minerals and their stable P-T conditions are the important factors controllingthe solidi of rocks. It can quite well explain the partial melting of rocks and the origin of the lowvelocity zone in the deep lithosphere.

Some results of modeling D-D seismogenic pattern by the fracture model experiment of large-scale rock samples(I)

sing the natural limestone samples taken from the field with dimension of 500 mm×500 mm×1 000 mm, the D-D (dilatancy-diffusion) seismogeny pattern was modeled under the condition of water injection, which observes the time-space evolutionary features about the relative physics fields of the loaded samples from deformation, formation of microcracks to the occurrence of main rupture. The results of observed apparent resistivity show: ① The process of the deformation from microcrack to main rupture on the loaded rock sample could be characterized by the precursory spatial-temporal changes in the observation of apparent resistivity; ② The precursory temporal changes of observation in apparent resistivity could be divided into several stages, and its spatial distribution shows the difference in different parts of the rock sample; ③ Before the main rupture of the rock sample the obvious ″tendency anomaly′ and ′short-term anomaly″ were observed, and some of them could be likely considered as the ″impending earthquake ″anomaly precursor of apparent resistivity. The changes and distribution features of apparent resistivity show that they are intrinsically related to the dilatancy phenomenon of the loaded rock sample. Finally, this paper discusses the mechanism of resistivity change of loaded rock sample theoretically.

Study on the physical meaning of seismic inhomogeneous degree by rock fracture experiments

It is observed that the parameter of seismic inhomogeneous degree (GL value) calculated from the earthquake catalog shows obvious abnormal changes prior to strong earthquakes, indicating the state change of local seismic activity. This paper focuses on the mechanism for the abnormal changes of the GL values based on the sequences of acoustic emission for three types of rock samples containing macro-asperity fracture; compressional en-echelon fracture and model-III shear fracture. The results show that for the three types of rock samples, there are continuous abnormal changes of GL value (>1) just before the non-elastic deformation occurs or during the process of nucleation prior to the instability. Based on the experimental results, it seems that the process of creep sliding and resistance-uniformization along fault zone is the possible mechanism for the abnormal changes of GL value before rock fractures.

Observational results of electromagnetic radiation caused by explosion of small dimension rocks in field experiments

In order to probe the mechanism of the phenomena of seismic electromagnetic radiation (EMR), we have completed field experiment on EMR caused by explosiom of rocks. In the experiments, the data of medium low freguency (<5000 Hz) EMR caused by 26 explosion tests of small dimension rocks have been obtained. This paper shows some representative observational results of the field experiment. The observational results show that, nearly 20 points of the 26 explosive points, the EMR phenomena are recorded at various degrees in the related explosive processes. The EMR intensities decay with the distance from explosive origins and increase with the explosive energy. The EMR records have certain repeatability (under the same condition), complexity( multiple EMR effects caused by one explosion) and regional characteristics such as rock structure and observational direction etc.

EXPERIMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY STUDY ON GOLD IN WATER-ROCK REACTION UNDER THERMAL FLUID SYSTEM AT MESO-LOW TEMPERATURE

Based on the knowing geochemical characteristics of wall rock in the Mobin gold deposit and composition of fluid inclusion in ore,water rock experiments were carried out, important achievements are acquired as following: Gold is mainly derived from the ore bearing wall rock,i.e., a series of epimetamorphic clastic gritstone, sandy slate, and tuffaceous slate in the Wuqiang Banxi Formation, Wuqiangxi Group. In thermal system with middle low temperature chlorine gold may be derived form stable complex ions, so it is quite important in gold metallogenic process. Sulphur and chlorine perform as the major negative ions throughout the gold activation and migration movement. The concentration of sulphur and chlorine ions, pH value and temperature are of deciding significance for gold activation, migration and precipitation.

考虑温度影响的岩石三向膨胀力测量仪及其实验设计

膨胀力是膨胀类岩石重要特性之一,该文提出了一种考虑温度影响的岩石三向膨胀力测试方法与实验装置。基于实验设计,利用该装置开展了黑色页岩、红层泥岩膨胀力实验,得到两类岩石在不同温度下的膨胀力时程曲线;分析了黑色页岩、红层泥石膨胀力随时间的变化规律,并与基于弹性力学原理计算得到的两类岩石膨胀力进行了对比,进一步比较了温度对两类岩石膨胀力的影响规律。该装置结构清晰、操作简单,更有利于学生对岩石膨胀力的理解,也是对岩石力学实验教学内容的补充。

采动力学与岩层控制关键理论及工程应用

研究岩体采动力学响应和岩层控制技术对促进煤炭安全高效开采、保障能源稳定供给具有重要意义,是实现煤炭资源科学开采的理论基础。矿山岩体灾害(围岩变形、冲击地压等)频发,其形成-演化-发生全过程与采动力演化分布、岩层运动、开采扰动和能量演化密切相关。基于实用矿山压力控制理论,提出并阐述了采场岩层控制进展与控制准则,建立了定量分析的力学模型和设计方法,发展了针对性的岩体灾害控制技术,并创新研制了配套试验研究装备。采动力学与岩层控制理论将岩层控制分为采场岩层控制和巷道围岩控制;提出控制或利用采动岩层运动改变致灾条件,给出“给定变形”和“限定变形”准则;调控“3S”因素准则(围岩应力环境、围岩结构属性、围岩支护结构)改变围岩自稳能力。以岩体灾害控制为目标,提出了以“应力主控”为核心的释能主控技术;建立了岩体灾害控制大小原理和弱面判据(安全系数K、冲击危险性系数U);研发了采场矿压机械模拟试验系统、采动力试验系统和蠕变及动力扰动冲击加载试验系统,实现了实验室尺度还原采动力作用下岩体变形-破裂-运动过程,为研究采动力作用下岩体力学响应提供了试验装备;分别从采场岩层控制、地质软岩巷道控制、工程软岩巷道控制及冲击地压控制4个方向进行了工程案例研究,相关研究成果在工程应用中得到了验证。

基于学科交叉的岩体损伤监测实验教学

为解决传统岩体损伤监测中岩体内部损伤可视化的难题,基于学科交叉理念引入了地震学中的地震成像技术。分析了地震成像的原理、理论算法、实验过程和数据处理方法,详细阐述了地震成像技术在岩体损伤监测实验中有别于地震监测的细节问题。通过以室内受载岩石的损伤监测为实验教学案例,并将受载岩石内部的损伤进行可视化,揭示了荷载作用下岩石内部损伤的演化规律,弥补了传统岩体损伤监测的缺陷,启发了学生的学科交叉思维,引导他们关注并解决学科交叉过程中的部分“不兼容”问题。

循环水岩作用下煤岩组合体力学响应及劣化机制

煤矿地下水库的建立解决了我国西部干旱-半干旱生态脆弱区的缺水问题。地下水库不断进行着蓄水-抽水,地下水库水位的反复升降对水库坝体产生反复损伤作用,而半煤岩坝体、煤岩夹矸坝体为地下水库常见的坝体。基于此,设计进行了不同“干燥-饱和”循环次数的砂岩-煤组合体不同围压下的轴向压缩试验,分析循环浸水作用下煤岩组合体力学特性劣化规律和劣化机制。结果表明:(1)随着循环次数的增加,组合体的饱和含水率逐渐增大。饱和含水率与循环次数呈对数关系。(2)随着循环次数的增加,应力-应变曲线压密阶段增长,弹性阶段斜率减小,峰值应力降低,峰值应变增大,屈服阶段愈加明显,应力跌落变缓。(3)随着循环次数的增加,组合体抗压强度逐渐降低,循环1~3次,抗压强度劣化幅度较为明显。抗压强度阶段劣化度具有非均匀性。(4)循环1~5次,黏聚力下降了70.87%,内摩擦角下降了60.65%。(5)循环1~3次,组合体弹性模量下降了53.06%,变形模量下降了61.10%。(6)循环浸水作用下,试样微观裂纹逐渐发育,矿物颗粒由原来的棱角分明的多边形向浑圆形逐渐发展,大的矿物颗粒逐渐崩解为小颗粒,颗粒间胶结作用逐渐弱化,由紧凑致密结构向松散软弱结构转变。(7)循环浸水作用下,水岩发生反复的物理、化学、力学作用,对煤岩产生反复损伤,最终导致宏观力学特性的劣化。

西康高铁秦岭太兴山隧道凿岩台车钻爆试验研究

基于凿岩台车应用现状,针对采用凿岩台车钻孔爆破时平均线性超挖量大等问题,选取西康高速铁路(西安—安康)秦岭太兴山隧道左洞进口Ⅲ级围岩段(DK23+075—DK23+155)作为凿岩台车钻爆法试验段。首先针对周边孔外插角大和掏槽孔深度受限情况,将凿岩台车两侧机械臂长度由7.1 m缩短至6.1 m。然后制定了精准钻孔措施。基于与该隧道同等围岩级别地段手风钻钻孔爆破施工经验,经过现场3个循环的凿岩台车钻爆试验,确定掏槽形式为两级斜孔掏槽,把电子雷管起爆时间设置为导爆管雷管奇数段位的起爆时间,按照掏槽孔、辅助孔、内圈孔、周边孔和底板孔的顺序依次起爆。经实施,爆破施工进尺可达3.4~3.6 m,周边孔爆破后炮痕保留率90%以上,断面平均线性超挖量仅19.9 cm。与凿岩台车配套的药卷直径宜在40~45 mm取值。

大兴安岭北东段森林沼泽区地球化学找矿方法研究:以黑龙江省二道坎村银多金属矿区为例

在黑龙江省二道坎森林–沼泽浅覆盖区,采用B、C层不同样品粒级对照分析方法,开展了土壤、岩屑测量采样方法技术剖面试验研究,选择采取的−5~+20目、−20~+60目和−60目3种粒级试验样品,并对比不同粒级样品中各元素在地球化学特征、元素组合以及异常圈定等方面存在的差异。结果表明,不同粒级样品所圈定的成矿元素地球化学异常都具备Ag-Pb-Zn-Mn多元素异常组合的特征,且异常分布范围与深部矿体较为一致,元素浓集中心与深部矿体空间位置吻合较好。具体表现为岩屑、土壤测量皆可以有效地指示银铅锌矿体,可作为该区寻找银铅锌矿的有效手段。而C层−20~+60目粒级岩屑测量效果更好,表现在元素含量更高,异常强度更强,元素组合指示意义更明显,定位矿体更精准,可以强化土壤微弱异常,有利于发现和识别弱的矿化信息。因此,在研究区内开展地球化学测量适宜采用−20~+60目粒级岩屑采样方法,其可为森林–沼泽覆盖区如二道坎地区以及多宝山矿集区开展1∶1万化探详查和找矿预测提供了技术依据。

Abaqus模拟岩石细观破坏在岩石实验教学中的应用

根据岩石具有非均质和多晶粒的特点,基于Abaqus平台结合泰森多边形原理和Cohesive单元耦合方法,利用Python编程实现了岩石非均质性和多晶体的建模。学生可通过该方法模拟真实岩体的破坏实验并能从细观角度了解岩石断裂时晶粒的破坏特征。该模拟实验补充了传统的岩石力学实验,让学生从细观角度了解岩石的破坏机理,有利于培养学生对岩石力学实验的兴趣,提高学生的学习兴致,还有助于增强学生的创新思维。

微波热力冲击下硬脆砂岩冲击倾向性演化规律试验研究

冲击地压是深部资源开采的主要灾害类型,冲击倾向性是表征冲击地压风险的重要指标。为了探索微波热力冲击对岩石冲击倾向性的影响,本文对典型强冲击倾向性硬脆砂岩开展了微波热力冲击和单轴压缩试验,分析了微波热力冲击后砂岩的物理力学性质和冲击倾向性指标响应规律。研究结果表明:(1)微波作用后,砂岩表面温度随着热力冲击时间增加持续升高,直至150 s发生热破断;(2)微波热力冲击120 s后,砂岩内部结构发生微破裂,岩石冲击倾向性明显减弱,纵波波速与弹性模量分别下降了15.12%、8%;(3)单轴压缩变形破坏过程各阶段声发射信号密度增大,砂岩最终破坏时的绝对能量最大值下降42.3%;(4)岩石动态破坏时间增长了259%,冲击能量指数减小95%,弹性能量指数下降92%,砂岩由强冲击性岩石变为弱冲击性岩石。研究结果为煤炭深部开采冲击地压防治和深地工程高效破岩具有参考价值。

川中古隆起北斜坡岩溶储层岩电分析及气层识别

四川盆地川中古隆起北斜坡震旦系是受岩溶控制的巨厚白云岩油气藏,气水关系十分复杂,储层呈基质孔隙度低、次生溶蚀孔洞发育特征,而且储层类型多样,致使储层岩电关系存在非Archie现象,同时储层的非均质性和地层水矿化度的差异掩盖了气水的测井响应特征,造成测井气水识别难度大。为此,通过对不同类型全直径岩电参数、声学特性实验数据和地层水资料的综合分析,优选了饱和度模型参数,建立了含水饱和度计算电阻率—实测电阻率重叠判别法、基质电阻率—实测电阻率重叠判别法、理论计算纵横波速度比—实测纵横波速度比重叠判别法3种以声波、电阻率相结合的测井气层识别方案。应用该技术对川中古隆起北斜坡震旦系灯影组储层进行解释,符合率达到93.1%。

磷矿石化验分析方法与实验技术的先进探索与创新

深入探讨了磷矿石的特性、化学组成及其在工业中的应用价值,详细评估了湿化学法、光谱分析法和X射线荧光光谱法等传统的化验分析方法,并对这些方法的适用性和限制进行了比较。接下来,重点介绍了先进分析技术和自动化、微型化实验技术等创新化验技术和实验方法,最后,分析了这些技术对成本和环境的影响,为磷矿石化验分析提供了新的视角和方法。

Rock抑制剂-Fasudil对EAE外周免疫的调节作用

目的探讨Rock抑制剂Fasudil对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)发病起始环节的外周免疫调节机制。方法将雌性C57BL/6小鼠分为CFA组、EAE组和Fasudil组。Fasudil组动物免疫后第7 d腹腔给予Fasudi(l50mg/kg.d),连续给药14 d。免疫后隔天观察各组小鼠临床评分和体质量变化。在免疫后28 d处死动物,取脊髓进行HE染色和髓鞘染色,制备脾脏单个核淋巴细胞(MNC),测定细胞增殖和细胞因子IL-4,IL-10,IL-1β,IFN-γ的含量,流式细胞术观察CD4,CD25调节性T细胞的比例,部分脾脏组织和MNC涂片行免疫组化荧光染色观察Rock的表达。结果Fasudil在EAE外周免疫组织和细胞通过下调Rock的表达,抑制Rock的激活,明显改善EAE的临床症状评分(P<0.05);减轻EAE外周炎性细胞向中枢的浸润,缓解神经髓鞘的脱失;经Fasudil干预可以下调EAE外周特异性MOG35-55反应性T淋巴细胞增殖能力,下调炎性细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-1β水平,升高保护性细胞因子IL-10水平,促进CD4,CD25调节性T细胞比例增加。结论 Rho/Rock信号通路的激活在EAE的发病中起着重要作用,应用Rock抑制剂--Fasudil抑制EAE免疫病理过程中外周免疫细胞激活这一起始重要环节,减少炎性细胞的中枢浸润,缓解EAE的临床症状。

公路高填方路基软岩填料试验研究

以某公路工程高填方路基试验段为例,采用试验研究方法,就软岩填料的矿物组成、工程性能、压缩性能和抗剪强度等进行了系列试验.研究表明:软岩填料主要由黏土矿物组成;饱水条件下的软岩软化系数要高于干湿循环作用下的软化系数;压实度为0.96时的软岩压缩系数随着干湿循环作用基本保持不变;软岩的抗剪强度在前6次干湿循环作用下减小幅度更加明显,6次以后基本趋于稳定.

糖肾宁对高糖诱导的足细胞损伤模型Rho/ROCK通路的影响

目的:基于Rho/ROCK信号通路研究中药糖肾宁对高糖诱导足细胞损伤模型的影响。方法:高糖培养足细胞,以不同药物分组干预足细胞24 h,用罗丹明染色的鬼笔环肽法检测足细胞骨架,细胞免疫荧光检测足细胞标志蛋白Nephrin,Western Blotting检测RhoA、ROCK1、Nephrin蛋白的表达。比较不同药物或药物浓度对高糖诱导足细胞损伤模型的影响。结果:糖肾宁可改善足细胞骨架结构,下调高糖诱导的足细胞损伤模型中异常升高的RhoA和ROCK1蛋白表达,上调Nephrin表达。结论:中药糖肾宁可抑制高糖诱导的足细胞损伤模型RhoA/ROCK1信号通路,减轻足细胞骨架重构,改善足细胞损伤。

海洋地质实验测试技术及研究进展

实验测试处在数据获取的“第一线”,承担着准确支撑科研论述的重要使命,是海洋地质工作的重要组成部分。近年来随着中国海洋地质调查事业的蓬勃发展,青岛海洋地质研究所现已建成专业学科比较齐全、海洋特色鲜明的综合性实验测试室,检测项目涵盖无机化学分析、有机化学分析、碎屑矿物鉴定、薄岩石片鉴定、黏土矿物定量分析、粒度分析、稳定同位素分析、放射性同位素测年、释光测年、微古鉴定和岩芯管理等十多个专业类型。实验室在完成自然资源、生态、环境、农业等新领域技术与服务对接的同时,结合深海、极地、自然资源全要素调查等科研项目设置的测试任务及研究内容,开展创新机制探索改革,持续形成高水平论文和创新型专利成果,不断满足海洋基础地质调查、海洋矿产资源调查和海洋环境地质调查工作对分析测试的新要求。

Numerical simulation of non-Archie electrophysical property of saturated rock with lattice Boltzmann method

The electrophysical property of saturated rocks is very important for reservoir identification and evaluation. In this paper, the lattice Boltzmann method （LBM） was used to study the electrophysical property of rock saturated with fluid because of its advantages over conventional numerical approaches in handling complex pore geometry and boundary conditions. The digital core model was constructed through the accumulation of matrix grains based on their radius distribution obtained by the measurements of core samples. The flow of electrical current through the core model saturated with oil and water was simulated on the mesoscopic scale to reveal the non-Archie relationship between resistivity index and water saturation （I-Sw）. The results from LBM simulation and laboratory measurements demonstrated that the I-Sw relation in the range of low water saturation was generally not a straight line in the log-log coordinates as described by the Archie equation. We thus developed a new equation based on numerical simulation and physical experiments. This new equation was used to fit the data from laboratory core measurements and previously published data. Determination of fluid saturation and reservoir evaluation could be significantly improved by using the new equation.