The Upper Proterozoic glacigenous rocks in the southeastern margin of the Yangtze platform were accumulated in a glacially influenced marine environment with extension set- ting. Two type I depositional sequences have...The Upper Proterozoic glacigenous rocks in the southeastern margin of the Yangtze platform were accumulated in a glacially influenced marine environment with extension set- ting. Two type I depositional sequences have been identified in the glacioclastic sediments the their boundaries enhanced by both tectonism and the incision of glaciation. The lower sequence (SQ1), comprising Changan and Fulu formations (Guangxi Province), Jiangkou and Xiangmen formations(Hunan Province) and their equivalents, is bounded by erosional unconformities both at the base and on the top. The upper sequence (SQ2), composed mainly of Nantuo Formation and its equivalents, is confined by an erosional unconformity at the base and covered by an exposure surface of karstification on the top. The depositional systems tracts are difficult to be distinguished directly and mainly characterized by the variation in glacioclastic supplies. Two types of episodic parasequeuces can be identified in the glacigenous rocks and are related to the evolution of depositional systems tracts. Both the sequences and parasequences are caused by autocyclic mechanism. The present research shows that the Upper Proterozoic glacigenous deposits are of significance for the analysis of the tectonic evolution of the Late Precambrian basin in South China.展开更多
Due to the depletion of conventional hydrocarbon resources,both China and Russia are giving more attention to the exploration and production of unconventional oil and gas resources,especially those generated and accum...Due to the depletion of conventional hydrocarbon resources,both China and Russia are giving more attention to the exploration and production of unconventional oil and gas resources,especially those generated and accumulated within source rocks.In an attempt to further understand the mechanisms of these resources,detailed mineralogical,lithological,and geochemical studies were performed to compare source rock samples from i)the Longmaxi Formation of the Lower Silurian in the Sichuan Basin(China),and ii)the Semiluksk Formation of the Frasnian Stage of the Upper Devonian in the Volga-Ural region of the East European Platform(Russia).The results showed that the main mineral of the source rocks of both formations is chalcedony that formed during an outpouring of deep fluids onto the sea bed.Simultaneous thermal analyses of this mineral indicated similar thermophysical properties to those of the hydrothermal-sedimentary chalcedony from jasper.Moreover,a direct relationship between the chalcedony content and the total organic matter content in the samples from the two formations was established.The presence of biophilic chemical elements in the siliceous component of the source rock samples indicate that high total organic content values were likely due to the presence of biophilic chemical elements in deep fluids,which led to the large-scale development of biota and subsequent accumulation of organic matter during sedimentation.The findings also revealed that the organic matter in the source rocks of the two regions was at different stages of maturity.The organic matter in samples from the Volga-Ural region was less mature and only at the early stage of oil generation,whereas the organic matter in samples from the Sichuan Basin reached both oil and gas generation stages.The Longmaxi Formation is already in the shale gas exploration and development stage,and the Semiluksk Formation could also be regarded as an exploration target for shale oil reservoirs.展开更多
Since the late Hercynian episode the crust in Hainan has entered the post-platform activation or the diwa stage in which it has undergone a process from compressive (collision) orogeny and up1ifting during the late He...Since the late Hercynian episode the crust in Hainan has entered the post-platform activation or the diwa stage in which it has undergone a process from compressive (collision) orogeny and up1ifting during the late Hercynian-Indosinian movements to block-faulting type mountain- and basin-making during the Yanshanian-Himalayan movements. It has been shown through researches of igneous rocks that a post-platform orogenic belt being of a greatly thickened continental crust was once formed in the Hainan area during the late Hercynian-lndosinian cyc1e. The taphrogeny starting in the late Yanshanian episode was a product at the stage of late orogenic extension under conditions of the mountain root with a thickness of about 60 km retained. At 1ast, the lower lithospheric delamination and the crustal de-rooting of the orogen caused Hainan and its neighboring areas to transform from the continenta1 type crustobody to the continental-margin-spreading type crustobody.展开更多
21世纪是大数据的时代,数据、模型驱动下的科学研究新范式与知识发现成为当今科学领域的新态势。本文介绍了在“深时数字地球”(Deep-time Digital Earth,DDE)国际大科学计划框架下构建的DDE-岩浆岩数据库。该数据库以“数据+编图+研究...21世纪是大数据的时代,数据、模型驱动下的科学研究新范式与知识发现成为当今科学领域的新态势。本文介绍了在“深时数字地球”(Deep-time Digital Earth,DDE)国际大科学计划框架下构建的DDE-岩浆岩数据库。该数据库以“数据+编图+研究”三位一体的建库思路,基于岩浆岩知识体系,构建了岩浆岩数据库,包括后台服务(云端)、网站(Web端)和科研工作平台(桌面端)。数据主要来源于公开发表的文献、研究团队测试、实验室测试数据等,涉及全球重要造山带、克拉通及部分海洋(大洋钻探数据)等。此外,还设立了22个地域性、学科性专题数据库。数据类型为岩浆岩岩石类型、产状、空间位置等基本信息,以及年代学、地球化学、(Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb-O)同位素及非传统(或新兴)同位素数据。与国际最常用的有关数据库相比,本数据库具有以下优势:(1)“数-图-文”三位一体的设计思路,拥有编图和研究平台;(2)以研究为导向,组织构建了22个专题数据库,更多一线专家参与数据库建设,在某些地域和领域(如中亚、非传统同位素等)形成优势;(3)对数据都尽可能挖掘和补充了年龄、经纬度等时空信息;(4)创建了学科专家可以依据新的发展和需求及时调整数据库结构的技术与功能,而不需要重新编程;(5)有强大的DDE平台支持,为与国际有关数据库互联互通提供了有利条件。最后,利用DDE-岩浆岩数据库的核心数据(年代学、同位素等),对复杂大陆拼合过程、地壳生长、地球深部物质组成架构与演化等重大地球科学问题进行了探索并取得了一些进展,说明该数据库将对推动数据驱动的岩浆岩研究具有重要意义。展开更多
The Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the Daxian-Xuanhan region, northeastern Sicbuan is interpreted to be a carbonate platform intermediate between the West Hubei-East Cbongqing marine basin and Guangyuan-Wangc...The Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the Daxian-Xuanhan region, northeastern Sicbuan is interpreted to be a carbonate platform intermediate between the West Hubei-East Cbongqing marine basin and Guangyuan-Wangcang marine basin. Outcrops, well logs and seismic data have disclosed that three sedimentary facies can be identified for the formation： open platform, platform exposed shoal and restricted platform facies. During the early stage of deposition of the Feixianguan Formation, there existed a sedimentary framework all the same as the Late Permian one： open platform in the west, and platform exposed shoal, restricted platform and open platform eastwards. The gradual increase of the shoal area permitted eastward migration of the shoal facies. During the deposition of the third member of the Feixianguan Formation, the study area was invaded by temporary transgressions. Till the deposition of the fourth member of the formation, the study area was prevailed over the unified restricted platform deposits, as indicated by the sedimentary model for the typical carbonate platform shoal deposits. The reservoir rocks in the Feixianguan Formation consist mostly of solution opening dolostone, and the rock types are assembled by oolitic dolostone, residual oolitic dolostone and sucrosic residual oolitic medium- to coarse-grained dolostone. The deep and shallow dual laterologs show relatively high resistivity, clear amplitude differences and time difference saltation of acoustic waves in some intervals. The seismic responses are indicated by low-frequency and highly variable amplitudes and chaotic reflection configurations. The reservoir rocks are characterized by high porosity-high permeability and medium porosity-medium permeability, showing a marked correlation between porosity and permeability. Solution openings are extremely developed in the reservoir rocks, including cast pores, intergranular solution openings, intercrystal pores, intercrystal solution openings, solution openings （caves） and minute fissures. Macropores and coarse pore throats are common. The reservoir rocks are apparently controlled by sedimentary facies in distribution patterns. Vertically, they occur dominantly in the second and first members of the Feixianguan Formation, and laterally in the platform exposed shoals and restricted platforms, where good natural gas potential is expected.展开更多
This paper discusses the reservoir space in carbonate rocks in terms of types,combination features,distribution regularity,and controlling factors,based on core observations and tests of the North Truva Oilfield,Caspi...This paper discusses the reservoir space in carbonate rocks in terms of types,combination features,distribution regularity,and controlling factors,based on core observations and tests of the North Truva Oilfield,Caspian Basin.According to the reservoir space combinations,carbonate reservoirs can be divided into four types,i.e.,pore,fracture-pore,pore-cavity-fracture,and pore-cavity.Formation and distribution of these reservoirs is strongly controlled by deposition,diagenesis,and tectonism.In evaporated platform and restricted platform facies,the reservoirs are predominately affected by meteoric fresh water leaching in the supergene-para-syngenetic period and by uplifting and erosion in the late stage,making both platform facies contain all the above-mentioned four types of reservoirs,with various pores,such as dissolved cavities and dissolved fractures,or structural fractures occasionally in favorable structural locations.In open platform facies,the reservoirs deposited continuously in deeper water,in an environment of alternative high-energy shoals（where pore-fracture-type reservoirs are dominant） and low-energy shoals（where pore reservoirs are dominant）.展开更多
文摘The Upper Proterozoic glacigenous rocks in the southeastern margin of the Yangtze platform were accumulated in a glacially influenced marine environment with extension set- ting. Two type I depositional sequences have been identified in the glacioclastic sediments the their boundaries enhanced by both tectonism and the incision of glaciation. The lower sequence (SQ1), comprising Changan and Fulu formations (Guangxi Province), Jiangkou and Xiangmen formations(Hunan Province) and their equivalents, is bounded by erosional unconformities both at the base and on the top. The upper sequence (SQ2), composed mainly of Nantuo Formation and its equivalents, is confined by an erosional unconformity at the base and covered by an exposure surface of karstification on the top. The depositional systems tracts are difficult to be distinguished directly and mainly characterized by the variation in glacioclastic supplies. Two types of episodic parasequeuces can be identified in the glacigenous rocks and are related to the evolution of depositional systems tracts. Both the sequences and parasequences are caused by autocyclic mechanism. The present research shows that the Upper Proterozoic glacigenous deposits are of significance for the analysis of the tectonic evolution of the Late Precambrian basin in South China.
基金supported by grants from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research(project No.18-35-00136)the Chinese NSFC(project No.41811530094)+1 种基金the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan(project No.18-45-160003)supported by subsidies allocated as part of the state’s support for the Kazan Federal University in order to increase its global competitiveness in leading research and educational centers.
文摘Due to the depletion of conventional hydrocarbon resources,both China and Russia are giving more attention to the exploration and production of unconventional oil and gas resources,especially those generated and accumulated within source rocks.In an attempt to further understand the mechanisms of these resources,detailed mineralogical,lithological,and geochemical studies were performed to compare source rock samples from i)the Longmaxi Formation of the Lower Silurian in the Sichuan Basin(China),and ii)the Semiluksk Formation of the Frasnian Stage of the Upper Devonian in the Volga-Ural region of the East European Platform(Russia).The results showed that the main mineral of the source rocks of both formations is chalcedony that formed during an outpouring of deep fluids onto the sea bed.Simultaneous thermal analyses of this mineral indicated similar thermophysical properties to those of the hydrothermal-sedimentary chalcedony from jasper.Moreover,a direct relationship between the chalcedony content and the total organic matter content in the samples from the two formations was established.The presence of biophilic chemical elements in the siliceous component of the source rock samples indicate that high total organic content values were likely due to the presence of biophilic chemical elements in deep fluids,which led to the large-scale development of biota and subsequent accumulation of organic matter during sedimentation.The findings also revealed that the organic matter in the source rocks of the two regions was at different stages of maturity.The organic matter in samples from the Volga-Ural region was less mature and only at the early stage of oil generation,whereas the organic matter in samples from the Sichuan Basin reached both oil and gas generation stages.The Longmaxi Formation is already in the shale gas exploration and development stage,and the Semiluksk Formation could also be regarded as an exploration target for shale oil reservoirs.
文摘Since the late Hercynian episode the crust in Hainan has entered the post-platform activation or the diwa stage in which it has undergone a process from compressive (collision) orogeny and up1ifting during the late Hercynian-Indosinian movements to block-faulting type mountain- and basin-making during the Yanshanian-Himalayan movements. It has been shown through researches of igneous rocks that a post-platform orogenic belt being of a greatly thickened continental crust was once formed in the Hainan area during the late Hercynian-lndosinian cyc1e. The taphrogeny starting in the late Yanshanian episode was a product at the stage of late orogenic extension under conditions of the mountain root with a thickness of about 60 km retained. At 1ast, the lower lithospheric delamination and the crustal de-rooting of the orogen caused Hainan and its neighboring areas to transform from the continenta1 type crustobody to the continental-margin-spreading type crustobody.
文摘21世纪是大数据的时代,数据、模型驱动下的科学研究新范式与知识发现成为当今科学领域的新态势。本文介绍了在“深时数字地球”(Deep-time Digital Earth,DDE)国际大科学计划框架下构建的DDE-岩浆岩数据库。该数据库以“数据+编图+研究”三位一体的建库思路,基于岩浆岩知识体系,构建了岩浆岩数据库,包括后台服务(云端)、网站(Web端)和科研工作平台(桌面端)。数据主要来源于公开发表的文献、研究团队测试、实验室测试数据等,涉及全球重要造山带、克拉通及部分海洋(大洋钻探数据)等。此外,还设立了22个地域性、学科性专题数据库。数据类型为岩浆岩岩石类型、产状、空间位置等基本信息,以及年代学、地球化学、(Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb-O)同位素及非传统(或新兴)同位素数据。与国际最常用的有关数据库相比,本数据库具有以下优势:(1)“数-图-文”三位一体的设计思路,拥有编图和研究平台;(2)以研究为导向,组织构建了22个专题数据库,更多一线专家参与数据库建设,在某些地域和领域(如中亚、非传统同位素等)形成优势;(3)对数据都尽可能挖掘和补充了年龄、经纬度等时空信息;(4)创建了学科专家可以依据新的发展和需求及时调整数据库结构的技术与功能,而不需要重新编程;(5)有强大的DDE平台支持,为与国际有关数据库互联互通提供了有利条件。最后,利用DDE-岩浆岩数据库的核心数据(年代学、同位素等),对复杂大陆拼合过程、地壳生长、地球深部物质组成架构与演化等重大地球科学问题进行了探索并取得了一些进展,说明该数据库将对推动数据驱动的岩浆岩研究具有重要意义。
文摘The Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the Daxian-Xuanhan region, northeastern Sicbuan is interpreted to be a carbonate platform intermediate between the West Hubei-East Cbongqing marine basin and Guangyuan-Wangcang marine basin. Outcrops, well logs and seismic data have disclosed that three sedimentary facies can be identified for the formation： open platform, platform exposed shoal and restricted platform facies. During the early stage of deposition of the Feixianguan Formation, there existed a sedimentary framework all the same as the Late Permian one： open platform in the west, and platform exposed shoal, restricted platform and open platform eastwards. The gradual increase of the shoal area permitted eastward migration of the shoal facies. During the deposition of the third member of the Feixianguan Formation, the study area was invaded by temporary transgressions. Till the deposition of the fourth member of the formation, the study area was prevailed over the unified restricted platform deposits, as indicated by the sedimentary model for the typical carbonate platform shoal deposits. The reservoir rocks in the Feixianguan Formation consist mostly of solution opening dolostone, and the rock types are assembled by oolitic dolostone, residual oolitic dolostone and sucrosic residual oolitic medium- to coarse-grained dolostone. The deep and shallow dual laterologs show relatively high resistivity, clear amplitude differences and time difference saltation of acoustic waves in some intervals. The seismic responses are indicated by low-frequency and highly variable amplitudes and chaotic reflection configurations. The reservoir rocks are characterized by high porosity-high permeability and medium porosity-medium permeability, showing a marked correlation between porosity and permeability. Solution openings are extremely developed in the reservoir rocks, including cast pores, intergranular solution openings, intercrystal pores, intercrystal solution openings, solution openings （caves） and minute fissures. Macropores and coarse pore throats are common. The reservoir rocks are apparently controlled by sedimentary facies in distribution patterns. Vertically, they occur dominantly in the second and first members of the Feixianguan Formation, and laterally in the platform exposed shoals and restricted platforms, where good natural gas potential is expected.
基金supported by the National Major Science and Technology Project (No.2016ZX05030002)
文摘This paper discusses the reservoir space in carbonate rocks in terms of types,combination features,distribution regularity,and controlling factors,based on core observations and tests of the North Truva Oilfield,Caspian Basin.According to the reservoir space combinations,carbonate reservoirs can be divided into four types,i.e.,pore,fracture-pore,pore-cavity-fracture,and pore-cavity.Formation and distribution of these reservoirs is strongly controlled by deposition,diagenesis,and tectonism.In evaporated platform and restricted platform facies,the reservoirs are predominately affected by meteoric fresh water leaching in the supergene-para-syngenetic period and by uplifting and erosion in the late stage,making both platform facies contain all the above-mentioned four types of reservoirs,with various pores,such as dissolved cavities and dissolved fractures,or structural fractures occasionally in favorable structural locations.In open platform facies,the reservoirs deposited continuously in deeper water,in an environment of alternative high-energy shoals（where pore-fracture-type reservoirs are dominant） and low-energy shoals（where pore reservoirs are dominant）.
