The Evolution of Landscape Layout Concept of Lingnan Taoist Zuting Temples in the Qing Dynasty

The replacement of Lingnan Taoist Zuting Temples from Lingbao Sect to Quanzhen Sect in the Qing Dynasty has led to the change of the layout of Taoist temples on Luofu Mountain. Through literature review, field research, image comparison and other research methods, the paper explores how the layout of the Taoist temples on Luofu Mountain evolved from the Four Taoist Temples in the Gehong period to the Five Taoist Temples in the Qing Dynasty under the influence of different Taoist ideologies, aiming to explore the cultural implications of the evolution of the layout of Lingnan Taoism Zuting Temple in the Qing Dynasty.

Study on Traditional Architectural Decoration Patterns of Temple of the Three Sus

Temple of the Three Sus,which was first established during the Yuan Dynasty,features a natural,unrestrained,and classically elegant garden architectural style.This paper discusses the multiple characteristics and meanings of traditional architectural decorative patterns at Temple of the Three Sus from a semiotic perspective.First,it analyzes the denotative aspects of these patterns,including their stylistic forms,structural frameworks,and craftsmanship techniques.Second,the paper classifies the traditional architectural decorative patterns of the Temple of the Three Sus based on the types of sources of these patterns and interprets the implied meanings of each.Finally,the paper explores the application of these traditional decorative patterns in modern urban design,specifically in Meishan City,discussing the inheritance and innovation of these patterns in contemporary urban design and emphasizing the importance of integrating tradition with modernity.

3D Finite Elements Technique for Collapse Causes of the Pylons in Egyptian Temples: A Study of the Great Pylon of Ramesseum Temple, Luxor, Egypt

This research presents damage causes of the pylons in the ancient Egyptian temples based on 3D finite elements analysis. The main purpose of the research determines the failure causes of the first pylon of the Ramessium temple, which is situated in Upper Egypt, at Luxor “Thebes” on the west bank of the Nile River. The first pylon of Ramessium temple subjected to seismic activity effects on long term, combined with several structural damage factors such as the defects resulting from the construction technique, where the builder used the poor quality of stones in foundations of the pylon, the building materials residue was used as filler for the core of the pylon walls, and it lacked vertical joints between the courses. In addition to it founded on alluvial soil that is vulnerable to contaminated water, it is still suffering damage factors and urban trespasses at the moment. All of the former factors helped the pylon to be affected by the earthquakes loads that occurred on it. The structural behavior of the pylon under self-weight and earthquakes loads were carried out by Numerical analysis to find out the loads and stresses which caused collapsing of the pylon. Results of the study indicated that the pylon subjected to a horizontal displacement due to old earthquakes force, led to collapse of the pylon. Finally, the study represents use of modern technique to study the structural behavior of the most important architectural units in ancient Egyptian temples to identify the causes of its collapse.

Study on Further Development of Temples in the Mount Tai from the Perspective of Experience Economy

From the perspective of experience economy, this paper proposed that traditional temple sightseeing has been unable to meet needs of tourists, temple cultural sites must pay more attention to visitors' experience in tourism development. On the basis of analyzing characteristics of temple cultures in the Mount Tai and problems in its tourism development, strategies for the development of temple cultures in the Mount Tai were given from the perspective of experience economy.

Compared Study of Authentic Culture on Three Guangdong Ancestral Temples

In this article, three Guangdong’s ancestral temples are taken as case studies to explore strategies for cultural heritage conservation. Heritage conservation is very important not only for our missing of past, but in order that our own cultural identity can be formed today. In China, different stakeholders hold various views on heritage protection and conflicts often take place. Particularly, many folk religion’s cultural heritages face a dangerous scenario and could even be damaged or destroyed for a variety of “reason”. This article tries to re-examine fundamental values and assessment criteria for cultural heritage conservation. The authenticity is a core concept involved with those of issues. Based on the views of culture place, the author puts forward the concept of “emic culture authenticity” as a hinge to explore authentic culture ecology of heritage and its model, to facilitate the cultural heritage conservation and reuse by the strategies of classification and adaptation.

Study Correlation between Physical-Mineralogical Properties of Sandstone Used in Ptolemaic Temples in Upper Egypt and Its Weathering Resistance

This article focuses on study of a relation between physical-mineralogical properties of sandstone used in Ptolemaic temples in Upper Egypt and its resistance of deterioration factors affecting it. In the present study, sandstone samples were collected from four sites;namely the temples of Dendera, Esna, Edfu and Kom Ombo which are located in Upper Egypt. Polarized light microscope (PLM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to determine mineralogical properties, microstructure, and chemical compositions of the deteriorated sandstone samples, addition to physical properties tests;results of the study confirmed that sandstone samples containing a high percentage of salts, clay minerals and iron oxides have been significantly affected by deterioration factors. The deteriorated sandstone samples were treated by paraloid B72 3% enhanced with Nano silica 5% to improve the physical properties of stone. Results of the study indicated that the samples which were consolidated by Nanoparticles based on acrylic Copolymers (Paraloid B72 and its Nanocomposite with Nano silica) achieved the best results for improvement of its physical-mineralogical properties. This is the ultimate aim of the study for the purpose of conservation and sustainability of building materials of the temples.

The Rapid Development of Technology in Making Iron Clamps of Three Ancient Temples in the Archaic and Classical Period

A few years ago, the present author had the opportunity to study the iron clamps of the archaic and classical temples. This research led to very interesting results concerning the development of technology applied in making those clamps and what is more its rapid evolution in a very short period. For instance, the technology in making the clamps of Parthenon and those of the Epikourios Apollo differs completely, although the latter was erected by the same engineer, Iktinos. Actually, it is a revolutionary one as compared with that applied in the erection of Parthenon. The paper starts by examining the making of the archaic Trapeza iron clamps and continue with those of the Parthenon and the Epikourios Apollo.

State Council of China Outlines Ten Priorities for Conservation and Utilization of Grotto Temples

The General Office of the State Council recently released the Guidelines for Strengthening the Conservation and Utilization of Grotto Temples,outlining ten priorities to be carried out as follows:First,increasing efforts to rescue and protect grotto temples.Surveys of the state of conservation of grotto temples will be launched nationwide and specific conservation and utilization plans prepared.

Ming Dynasty Eunuchs and Their Temples

IN 1513, construction ofDahui Temple, deep in thewoods of Beijing’s westernoutskirts, was completed,along with a number of othertemples scattered throughout thecity. The Ming EmperorZhengde personally inscribed atablet, and a stele was erected

Guan Yu Temples in Tibet

Ｇｕａｎ Ｙｕ Ｔｅｍｐｌｅｓ ｉｎ ＴｉｂｅｔＧｕａｎＹｕＴｅｍｐｌｅｓｉｎＴｉｂｅｔ￥ＣＨＥＮＣＯＮＧＬＩＧｕａｎＹｕ，ａｍｅｍｂｅｒｏｆｔｈｅＨａｎｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｔｙ，ｗａｓａｆａｍｏｕｓｇｅｎｅｒａｌｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＳｔａｔｅｏｆＳｈｕ（２...

Analysis and Study on Decorative Art Characteristics of Xianweng Temple in Bofang Village, Gaoping, Shanxi, China

There are many important ancient buildings left in Bofang Village with a long history.The Xianweng Temple located in the north of the village is the only Taoist building in the ancient building group of Bofang Village.Its historical origin can be traced back to Tang and Song dynasties.The temple is a collection of gardens,buildings,painted in one place,all aspects of the achievement is quite high.Through the study of the decorative art characteristics of Xien-weng Temple in Bofang Village,Gaoping,this paper summarizes the artistic characteristics of Taoist architectural decoration in Shanxi,excavates the great value of its existence,and inspires more people to reflect on the protection of ancient buildings.

Study on Futon Patterns in Mural of Buddhist Temple in Wutai Mountain under Digital Vision

Dao Xuan’s Gantonglu records:“About fifteen kilometers down from the southeast of the Wutai Mountain,there is the ancient Dafu Lingjiu Temple,and there are two Taoist temples in the east and west,where Buddhist matters are fulfilled.According to ancient legend,it was made by Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty”(Daoxuan,Tang Dynasty,p.257).It can be seen that Buddhism has been introduced into Wutai Mountain since the Eastern Han Dynasty,and Buddhist temple murals have been painted on the walls of temples with the introduction of Buddhism,playing the role of spreading scriptures and decorating the walls.The pattern of Buddha’s futon base in the murals reflects the worship and rank differences of Buddhist monks in different periods.As a medium of meditation and worship,futuan is also a ritual instrument in Buddhist legend,which is of great significance.The research on the style of futon from the perspective of the frescoes in the temple of Wutai Mountain mainly focuses on the historical evolution of the frescoes and futon,the research and analysis of the base shape,pattern,composition and color of the futon in the frescoes of the temple.Explore the religious significance and historical and cultural value behind the futon style.

Review of the Relocation of General Zhang Fei’s Temple in View of the Three Gorges Dam Project

As a national cultural property,General Zhang Fei’s Temple is the largest ancient architectural complex in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River.It was built in the Han Dynasty and has a long history of nearly 2,000 years.In 1994,the Chinese government launched the Three Gorges Dam project at the Yangtze River and implemented the largest relocation project for the General Zhang Fei Temple to prevent it from being submerged.The temple was relocated 32 kilometers upstream along with the local people of Yunyang County,and the historic environment was rebuilt on the opposite side of the migrant city of New Yunyang County.The temple was restored successfully and the tradition of offering sacrifices to General Zhang Fei continued in the local community.The relocation project lasted for 8 years and became the largest cultural heritage conservation project of the People’s Republic of China at the end of the 20th century.This paper comprehensively summarizes and reviews the project goals,implementation process,and project highlights of this relocation,so as to provide an important case reference for heritage conservation projects in the future.

南禅寺大殿尺度规律研究

对以材份制度为代表的中国中古时期木构建筑模数制研究,提出了以足材而不以份为模数单位进行探索的思路。基于前期尺度规律研究案例的经验,对南禅寺大殿给出了基于足材模数单位的尺度规律解释,与现有整数尺模数或份数模数的解释形成竞争性观点。强调栱长指标在尺度研究中的重要性并充分发挥其研究潜力,将建筑开间、椽架、出跳、转角构造、立面比例等问题通过栱长尺度进行会通阐释。南禅寺大殿作为年代最早的木构建筑,其尺度规律研究有重要的史学标尺意义。

流动的“解元寺”:徽州三阳镇叶村叠罗汉研究

徽州三阳镇叶村的叠罗汉在继承唐代叠置伎与清代踏肩戏的基础上,衍生出具有徽州和叶村文化特色的民俗活动“叶村叠罗汉”,使其具备了杂技、戏剧表演和民俗活动等多层定义,同时在之前单一的娱人基础上拓展出继承传统、宣传教化、精神洗礼、祈福逐疫、娱人娱神、祭祀先祖、凝聚精神、团结民心等多重功能。中原传统文化与徽州区域文化的融合,使其具备了鲜明的徽州及叶村文化属性、多神崇拜的宗教信仰、强大的包容性与核心力,成为艺术、技术与信仰的完美结合,叶村叠罗汉在民俗、舞蹈等各方面具有重要的研究价值。

泉州开元寺造园要素量化特征

世界文化遗产泉州开元寺是闽南寺庙园林的典型,是坚持地域特色园林发展的重要载体。通过对泉州开元寺园林要素现场实测与统计分析,探讨其造园要素的量化特征。结果表明:信众宗教拜瞻与市民游赏纳凉是寺院最重要的两个功能;寺院南北主轴线上的建筑布局存在1°偏角,寺院内重要景点视距控制在120 m之内;大雄宝殿南侧平台是寺院内最重要的观景点,周边主要建筑景点均布置在其水平视角30°、垂直视角60°以内。

西藏昌珠寺周边城镇空间特色与设计对策研究——基于多维地域性视角

挖掘并利用城市地域特色,塑造城市独特形象,是解决城市特色趋同危机的关键性手段。以藏源文化深厚的乃东区昌珠寺周边城镇空间为例,综合应用实地勘察、空间分析、问卷访谈等方法,通过对昌珠寺周边城镇功能-文化-社会空间特征的地域性解析,识别出其“寺庙主体,民居肌底”的空间布局特色,“朝圣引导,环形结构”的路网街巷特色,“家屋单元,聚族而居”的民居建筑特色。据此,提出昌珠寺周边城镇空间设计应当遵循“守其道,更其器”的哲学观念,并从“形·筑·巷·公”四个维度提出更新改造的设计策略,以期为类似地区特色空间的可持续发展提供借鉴和参考。

泉州开元寺国内研究述评

通过搜集2021年前发表的有关泉州开元寺的论文,从建筑、艺术、历史三大学科视角对泉州开元寺的相关研究进行综合评述,当前的研究以传统学科领域的微观研究和对“静态事物”的定性研究为主,未来可以从开元寺本体研究拓展到对比研究,同时大胆尝试探索性研究,也可尝试采用大数据分析法等新型研究法对开元寺的人、事、制度等“动态事务”展开研究。

赣鄱历史园林保护与活化策略研究——以东林寺为例

赣鄱历史园林蕴含着丰富的地域性历史文化与造园特点,承载着古代江西文化记忆及对该地域的特色人居环境回味。历史园林的保护是活化的前提,而活化的目的又是为了更好地保护,旨在通过提炼其内在的核心价值与文化特色以进一步提升社会服务功能。在梳理历史园林保护与活化相关概念及其原则的基础上,以江西庐山的东林寺为例,提出3项活化策略:1)优化功能,丰富业态布局,加强佛教文化资源的利用;2)鼓励多元主体参与,激活公众保护潜能,增强游客体验;3)融入数字化技术,强化多平台宣传,挖掘特色文创产品。为赣鄱其他类型的历史园林保护和活化提供有益参考。

佛寺行香制度与唐代文人及其诗歌创作

与唐代文人频繁游寺息息相关的国忌佛寺行香制度,渊源已久,但前人追溯其源时多有讹误。国忌佛寺行香,在唐代经历了一个增益完善的过程,最终成为一种制度并长久奉行,且与相当一部分唐代文人产生关联,成为其生活的重要组成部分。从现存一些史料,可以看到唐代文人参与国忌佛寺行香的盛况。现存唐人描写国忌佛寺行香的诗歌虽不多,但仍留下一些对已故帝王功业的尊崇仰慕与对当下政权稳固的忧虑及思考等重要心理印迹和信息,透露出与唐代诗人及唐诗创作关联的诸多情形。