Significance of Nanoparticles Aggregation with Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux on the Water and Ethylene Glycol Mixture Based MWCNTs-Nanofluid Flow over a Stretching Cylinder

This work aims to analyze the flow of electrically conducting MWCNTs-nanofluid over a stretching cylinder with the aggregation and non-aggregation effects of nanoparticles. The working fluid comprised a combination of water and ethylene glycol, with volumetric proportions of (50:50) considered. Convective boundary constraints and modified Fourier law are implemented in heat transmission assessment. The mathematical flow model is formulated in the form of PDEs and is transformed into ODEs via similarity transformation. Numerical outcomes will be obtained with the use of the bvp4c technique and will be displayed with the help of graphs and tables. The results show that the surface drag coefficient is enhanced in the case of aggregation of nanoparticles whereas heat transfer rate is enhanced in the non-aggregation effect of nanoparticles. Furthermore, the temperature distribution enhances the increasing values of particle volume fraction in the case of aggregation effects of nanoparticles whereas temperature distribution lowers in the case of non-aggregation effect of nanoparticles. .

Effects of flat and elongated aggregates on the performance of porous asphalt mixture

Four fat and elongated(F&E)contents(0%,original,30%,and 40%)were investigated to evaluate the effects of F&Eparticles on the performance of porous asphalt mixture(P A).Laboratory tests including volumetric determination,two-dimensional image analysis,Cantabro loss tests,breakdown tests,and permeability tests were conducted to evaluate the volumetric properties,the state of stone-onstone contact,durability,skeleton stability and permeability of PA,respectively.The test results indicate that the F&E content was a significant factor for total air voids,aggregate skeleton break down,and permeability.The functionality,rutting resistance,long-term durability,and skeleton stability decrease with the increase of F&E content since F&E aggregates in porous asphalt mixtures have a tendency to breakdown.Compared with traditional dense graded mixtures,PA is more sensitive to the F&E content due to an open graded aggregate structure.Therefore,the stricter requiement for F&E content should be met for porous asphalt mixtures than the one for traditional deese graded mixture.

Effect of aggregate gradation on low temperature performance of asphalt paving mixtures

Low temperature cracking has become one of the important factors that diminish asphalt pavement's ride quality and service life.Especially in cold region,cracking caused by low temperature is the main distress form.This paper discussed the effect of aggregate gradation on the low temperature performance in asphalt paving mixtures.A total of 11 asphalt mixtures with 11 different aggregate gradations and one asphalt binder content were studied.Volumetric properties of the coarse aggregate and asphalt mixtures showed aggregate grading has a significant impact on the degree of aggregate interlock in asphalt mixtures.A trend is existed in the low temperature performance with the change of gradation.With the aid of mathematic statistics,it indicates gradation affects the low temperature performance significantly.The findings also indicate the relationship between the degree of aggregate interlock in asphalt mixtures and the low temperature performance:With the stone-to-stone contact developed,the mixture has a high energy to resist contract and deformation at low temperature.The properties of fine aggregate and asphalt play an important part in resisting low temperature cracking in floating structure.But it provides lower energy to resist low temperature cracking compared to the skeleton structure.

Engineering properties of sintered waste sludge as lightweight aggregate in a densified concrete mixture

The global trend towards carbon reduction,energy conservation,and sustainable use of resources has led to an increased focus on the use of waste sludge in construction.We used waste sludge from a reservoir to produce high-strength sintered lightweight aggregate,and then used the densified mixture design algorithm to create high-performance concrete from the sintered aggregate with only small amounts of mixing water and cement.Ultrasonic,electrical resistance and concrete strength efficiency tests were perfo...

Asbestos Tailings as Aggregates for Asphalt Mixture

To use many asbestos tailings collected in Ya-Lu highway,and to explore the feasibility of using asbestos tailings as aggregates in common asphalt mixtures,and properties of some asphalt mixtures were evaluated as well.X-ray diffraction （XRD）,X-ray fluorescent （XRF）,and atomic absorption spectrophotometry （AAS） were employed to determine the solid waste content of copper,zinc,lead,and cadmium.Volume properties and pavement performances of AC-25 asphalt mixture with asbestos tailings were also evaluated compared with those with basalt as aggregates.XRD and XRF measurement results infer that asbestos tailing is an excellent road material.Volume properties of AC-25 asphalt mixture with asbestos tailings satisfied the related specifications.No heavy metals and toxic pollution were detected in AAS test and the value of pH test is 8.23,which is help to the adhesion with asphalt in the asphalt concrete.When compared with basalt,high temperature property and the resistance to low temperature cracking of AC-25 asphalt mixture was improved by using asbestos tailings as aggregates.In-service AC-25 asphalt pavement with asbestos tailings also presented excellent performance and British Pendulum Number （BPN） coefficient of surface.

Determination Method for Shear Strength Parameters of Rock-Soil Mixtures Using Close-Range Photogrammetry and 3-D Limit Equilibrium Theory

Using a combination of close-range photogrammetry and three-dimensional(3-D) limit equilibrium theory, a determination method for the shear strength parameters of rock-soil mixture is presented. A close-range photogrammetry method is used for measurement of the 3-D terrain of the experimental target. Auto CAD Lisp and EXCEL VBA are used to perform 3-D limit equilibrium analysis of the stability of sliding mass and perform backanalysis of shear strength parameters. The presented method was used to determine the shear strength parameters of rock-soil mixtures at the Liyuan Hydropower Station. The 3-D terrain of sliding surface could be measured notably well using of closerange photogrammetry. The computed results reveal that the cohesion and friction angle of rock-soil mixtures were 3.15 k Pa and 29.88o for test A, respectively, and 4.43 k Pa and 28.30o for test B, respectively, within the range of shear strength parameters, as determined by field and laboratory tests. The computation of shear strength parameters is influenced by the mesh grid number, especially the cohesion of the rock-soil mixture. The application of close-range photogrammetry can reduce the siteworks and improve the computational efficiency and accuracy.

Discrete element modeling of migration and evolution rules of coarse aggregates in the static compaction process

To investigate migration and evolution rules of coarse aggregates in the static compaction process, an algorithm of generating digital coarse aggregates that can reflect real morphology（ such as shape, size and fracture surface） of aggregate particles, is represented by polyhedral particles based on the discrete element method（ DEM）. A digital specimen comprised of aggregates and air voids is developed. In addition,a static compaction model consisting of a digital specimen and three plates is constructed and a series of evaluation indices such as mean contact force σMCF, wall stress in direction of zcoordinate σWSZZ, porosity and coordination numbers are presented to investigate the motion rules of coarse aggregates at different compaction displacements of 7. 5, 15 and 30 mm. The three-dimensional static compaction model is also verified with laboratory measurements. The results indicate that the compaction displacements are positively related to σMCF and σWSZZ, which increase gradually with the increase in iterative steps. When the compaction proceeds, the digital specimen porosity decreases, but the coordination number increases. The variation ranges of these four indices are different at different compaction displacements. This study provides a method to analyze the compaction mechanism of particle materials such as asphalt mixture and graded broken stone.

Design Method and Performance for Large Stone Porous Asphalt Mixtures

Design method for large stone porous asphalt mixtures （LSPM） was analyzed to avoid the early distresses of semi-rigid asphalt pavements. Based on stone-to-stone skeleton structure concept, processes of LSPM gradation design was given. The gradation composite design for LSPM shows that the LSPM nominal maximum size （ N MS） should be larger than 26.5 mm, and the NMS sieve passing percentage should be greater than 50%. Through experiments and calculations on the volume properties of the aggregate, the range of aggregate gradation curve of LSPM was given. In terms of asphalt binder＇s normalized test results, MAC-70 and SBS modified asphalt were selected as the asphalt binders. The applicability of large scale Marshall Method and gyratory compaction method to shape specimens was investigated. Based on the asphalt mixture performance evaluation, the optimum asphalt content range （3.1%-3.6%）, the bitumen film＇s thickness range （13-16 μm） and the air void range （13%-18 %） were recommended. Finally, LSPM was tested by the laboratory performance tests including rutting resistance test, fatigue test and water stability test. The theoretic and practical analysis shows that LSPM has a good performance on water permeability, rutting resistance and reflection crack resistance.

Design and evaluation of glasphalt mixtures by using recycled waste cullet

A glass crusher was developed to improve the waste glass crushing process.The waste glass was recycled,crushed and sieved to different particle sizes as glass aggregates,and the surface of glass aggregates was treated by nano-Fe2O3 suspension to improve the anti-striping property.The glasphalt mixture made by partly replacing mineral aggregates with glass aggregates was designed and evaluated.The sizes of glass aggregates were selected to be 2.36 and 4.75 mm,and the optimum concentration of nano-Fe2O3 suspension was determined to be 10%.The optimum asphalt content(OAC)was determined by the Marshall method and the glass aggregate content.The influence of the glass aggregate content on the technical properties of glasphalt mixtures were analyzed by the rutting test,three-point bending test,freeze-thaw splitting test and skid resistance test.The results show that the optimal content of glass aggregates and OAC are recommended to be 15%and 4.4%,respectively.These environmentally-friendly glasphalt mixtures can solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by waste glass,as well as reducing the cost of pavement materials and construction.

Feasibility Study of Applying Recycled Aggregate from Building Debris in Concrete

Coarse and fine aggregate constitutes an average of approximately 55% to 80% of the total volume of concrete materials.Concrete remains the most commonly-used building material worldwide.As a result,the massive use of aggregate will have a direct impact on the earth′s natural resources if an appropriate replacement material is not found,violating the spirit of sustainable development.This study makes a preliminary examination of using coarse and fine aggregate produced from discarded construction materials in concrete.Results indicate that the compressive strength of densified mixture concrete at 28 days can reach 56.88 MPa(recycled materials used as coarse aggregate,and natural sand used as fine aggregate)and 53.33 MPa(recycled materials used as both coarse and fine aggregate).While this type of material is not yet fully understood,further research into this area should enable feasible applications in concrete.However,unsuitable mixtures have serious impact on the durability and overall economy of concrete.Pending further research on suitable mixture designs,a complete application of recycled aggregate in concrete can be expected.

New method to quantitatively evaluate the homogeneity of asphalt mixtures

To evaluate the homogeneity of asphalt mixtures,the images of sections obtained by cutting the asphalt mixtures specimen horizontally or vertically were analyzed with digital image processing techniques,and the particle area ratio was achieved by applying sector scan for horizontal specimen and vertical scan for vertical one.The research result indicates that the influence of random distribution of aggregates in cutting the specimen can be eliminated by using colored aggregates to distinguish coarse and fine aggregates and using color threshold to segment the images.Choosing three typical gradations,proving particle area ratio obeying normal distribution and using the variability of particle area ratio as an index,it is feasible to quantitatively evaluate the homogeneity of asphalt mixtures.

基于3D激光扫描技术的粗集料三维形态特征分析

为了能够建立精确的沥青混合料细观力学模型、优化混合料性能,需要先构建具有真实形态学特征的集料模型并计算分析集料形态参数,利用3D激光扫描技术采集了辉绿岩、石灰岩、玄武岩与卵石4种集料共500颗样本的三维点云数据,通过球谐函数简化集料模型,建立了三维集料样本库。归纳总结了现有集料的形态指标,通过皮尔逊相关性分析,选取F_(I)、A_(I)定量表征粗集料三维形态特征,对不同种类以及粒径集料的F_(I)、A_(I)进行统计分析。研究结果显示:当球谐序列阶数为10,三角形映射网格数为643时,简化后集料模型基本形状、体积与表面积均与真实集料非常接近;集料的F_(I)、A_(I)服从正态分布与对数正态分布,且随集料类型和粒径的变化而变化。

基于球谐函数的三维集料简化与重构方法

建立高效的三维集料重构方法是开展沥青混合料虚拟实验的必要前提。利用3D激光扫描仪采集500颗集料的点云数据,经正二十面体剖分简化后通过球谐函数表征其三维形态。分析集料的体积、表面积、形状指数FI、棱角性指数AI随点云数量与球谐阶数的变化规律,确定点云的简化标准。计算简化集料10阶球谐系数,得到121个球谐系数的累积分布曲线,根据分布特性采用Monte Carlo方法随机生成1 400组球谐系数,实现集料的几何重构,对比真实集料与虚拟集料AI、FI的分布特性,验证重构方法的有效性。结果表明:可采用642个数据点与10阶球谐函数实现集料的有效简化;虚拟集料的FIv、AIv分布范围均可包含真实集料的参数值。研究成果可以为沥青混合料的细观模型构建提供基础。

基于三维随机集料的钢渣沥青混合料微波加热和冷却过程温度模拟

为研究钢渣透水沥青混合料在微波加热和冷却过程中的温度分布以及不同材料之间的传热机理,采用钢渣集料部分替换玄武岩粗集料(4.75~9.50 mm、9.50~13.20 mm),基于三维随机集料构建沥青混合料试件的细观模型,分别模拟了普通玄武岩集料试件(PAC-B)、普通钢渣粗集料试件(PAC-US)及改性钢渣粗集料试件(PAC-MS)3种沥青混合料在连续微波加热和冷却过程的温度分布,并将数值模拟结果与室内试验相互验证。结果表明:无论是加热过程还是冷却过程,沥青砂浆的表面温度分布区域与集料表面温度分布区域均一致,且集料表面的最高温度要大于沥青砂浆的表面最高温度,说明集料吸波能力强于沥青砂浆。在冷却过程中,集料向沥青砂浆传导热量,二者之间温差不断减小。对于同一种试件,集料(2.36~4.75 mm、4.75~9.50 mm、9.50~13.20 mm)粒径在4.75~9.50 mm范围内的体积平均温度最高。加热和冷却过程中,2种钢渣集料试件PAC-US、PAC-MS温度均高于PAC-B。将非均质数值模拟结果与室内试验结果对比,二者吻合度较好,用非均质模型模拟微波加热与冷却过程温度具有可行性。

MU10再生混凝土承重砌块力学性能与抗冻性试验研究

为进一步提高废弃混凝土利用率,促进严寒地区应用再生混凝土承重砌块,在分析再生骨料物理性能的基础上,考虑了100%再生粗骨料取代率、水胶比、用水量及粉煤灰掺量的影响,采用正交试验设计了C30再生混凝土配合比来制备MU10再生混凝土承重砌块,通过分析MU10再生混凝土承重砌块的力学性能,确定了MU10再生混凝土承重砌块的最佳配合比,利用环境模拟箱验证了MU10再生混凝土承重砌块的抗冻性。结果表明:再生骨料与天然骨料相比表面较粗糙,附着部分旧水泥砂浆,具有低密度,高孔隙率、吸水率和含泥量,压碎指标是天然骨料的两倍左右;MU10再生混凝土承重砌块的最佳配合比为再生粗骨料1 172 kg/m^(3)、天然河砂578 kg/m^(3)、水泥400 kg/m^(3)、粉煤灰100 kg/m^(3)、水150 kg/m^(3),其抗压强度为11.4 MPa,抗折强度为2.1 MPa,可用于承重及有抗震要求的砌体结构;经过50次冻融循环后,MU10再生混凝土承重砌块的质量损失为1.2%、强度损失为18.1%,抗冻性能符合要求,可以作为严寒地区新型墙体材料使用。

再生粗骨料沥青混合料的动态黏弹性特性研究

再生骨料是一种将建筑垃圾中的混凝土块等废料加工而成的再生产品,它可以替代部分天然骨料加入沥青混合料中铺筑路面,有助于减少对天然石材的开采,降低沥青路面的成本。为了研究再生粗骨料沥青混合料的黏弹性特征,针对4种取代率的再生骨料沥青混合料,采用不同频率和温度下的动态模量试验,通过Sigmoid函数建立动态模量和相位角的主曲线,探究再生骨料的掺量(0%、17%、37%、56.7%)对AC-20沥青混合料动态黏弹性特性的影响变化。研究结果表明:在相同频率、相同温度下随着再生骨料掺量的增加,沥青混合料的动态模量减小,这种现象在低温高频条件下表现得更为明显。低温和常温条件下(–10、5、20℃),沥青混合料的相位角随着再生骨料掺量增大而减小,随着频率增加而减小,在中高温条件下再生骨料掺量的变化对沥青混合料相位角的影响规律并不统一。通过动态黏弹性拟合参数结果分析发现Sigmoid模型的拟合参数变化趋势与再生掺量增幅之间存在着较大的相关性。该研究聚焦于道路工程中建筑垃圾资源化利用的环保设计需求,可为建筑垃圾应用于道路养护工程提供试验参考,可作为教学案例应用于工程领域的研究生课程。

沥青混合料中集料迁移的表征方法与评价指标综述

集料作为沥青混合料的主要组成部分,通过表征其在混合料中的迁移特性来量化其形态特征和粒径对沥青混合料性能的影响,对研究混合料细观结构变化及预估路面变形类病害有重要意义。目前,表征不同形态特征和粒径集料迁移特性方法的系统性研究仍有待完善。为评述不同集料迁移特性的表征方法与评价指标,本文对表征集料形态特征及粒径分布的传统试验、图像、数值仿真方法进行总结;从数字图像处理、传感器、离散元方法等角度,对现有追踪不同集料迁移及分布特征的光学扫描设备、算法、传感器、软件种类及适用范围等进行对比;通过分析可量化集料迁移特性的空间位移、空间旋转角、欧拉角、加速度、位移增量等17种指标,对混合料中不同集料颗粒运动规律的评价方法进行研究。最后,基于现有表征和评价不同集料迁移特性方法和指标的不足,对未来研究沥青混合料细观结构的方法和评价指标进行展望。

多裂缝形式下沥青混合料梁裂缝扩展研究

采用接近实际路面受力形式的平面支撑方式,对从参考标准高速公路搅拌、摊铺、碾压方式形成的沥青混凝土路面切割下的沥青混合料梁试件,开展表面、底部裂缝共存形式下路面面层裂缝扩展模拟,以期研究沥青路面面层顶部、底部裂缝共存形式下的裂缝扩展行为;针对沥青混凝土路面为包含沥青基质、骨料、空隙等的多相复合材料特点,基于ABAQUS平台建立沥青混合料梁细观异质模型,探讨了该模型下裂缝偏离跨中不同距离下裂缝扩展行为。在此基础上,进一步对复合小梁均质、细观异质模型偏裂缝形式下裂缝扩展过程中应力分布进行了对比分析,得出两者应力状态存在明显的不同,均质模型应力分布总体较均匀、突变不明显;细观异质模型则刚好相反,应力分布极不均匀,骨料周边应力突变较明显。两种模型对比而言,细观异质模型能够更好地解释试验过程中梁裂缝扩展沿着骨料周边进行,并且试验过程中骨料周边出现多裂纹的现象。梁细观异质模型数值模拟为建立更准确的路面裂缝扩展模型提供了参考。

玄石混合集料耐磨耗性及其AC-13混合料抗滑性能研究

为探究不同玄武岩与石灰岩质量配比的混合集料的耐磨耗性及其AC-13混合料的抗滑性能,测试了不同掺配比例玄石混合集料的磨耗值、磨光值、混合集料及AC-13混合料的动态摩擦系数衰减速率、衰减终值及抗滑寿命。结果表明:7个玄石混合集料掺配组的磨耗值均满足相关指标要求,混合集料中玄武岩质量比越大,其抗滑耐磨性能越好。向石灰岩中掺配硬质石料可降低其衰减速率,提高衰减终值及抗滑寿命,改善抗滑性能。

含粗骨料超高性能混凝土力学性能试验研究

在超高性能混凝土(UHPC)中添加粗骨料是为了在获得优异的力学性能基础上,大幅降低生产成本,使其更容易被市场采纳。本文对UHPC-CA配合比中浆骨比、砂率、粗骨料种类及减水剂品种等因素进行调整,通过不同龄期抗压强度对比以及微观角度分析,探索各因素对UHPC-CA力学性能的影响。