Compilation Mode for the Integrated Planning of Lake Scenic Areas——A Case Study of the Longhu Lake Scenic Area in the Taihang Mountains

In view of lake scenic areas with abundant tourist resources but less-developed economy,contradictions between the urgency of its tourist resource development and complexity of urban-rural planning compilation were analyzed,and also limitations summarized as insufficient time and fund.Statutory planning contents included in the integrated compilation system were elaborated,and compilation of the integrated planning for the Longhe Lake Scenic Area in the Taihang Mountains was taken for example to introduce planning concepts of the compilation technical system.Considering characteristics of the study area,"regionality" was stressed as the foundation of planning compilation,concise,convenient and practical planning compilation contents were advocated and further explained from the perspectives of compiling by layer and category.In view of this,it is necessary to apply integrated compilation mode under certain circumstances,so as to provide a new approach for the planning compilation of other regions in China and enhance economic and social development of local areas.

Analysis on Change Tendency of the Precipitation Resource during Growth Period of the Conventional Crops in Plain Area before Taihang Mountains

[Objective] The aim was to study change tendency of the precipitation resource during growth period of the conventional crops in plain area before Taihang Mountains. [ Method] Based on daily precipitation data at Shijiazhuang meteorological station in recent 51 years, average rainfall dudng growth periods of the 9 kinds of conventional crops was obtained. Precipitation tendency dudng growth periods of the 9 kinds of conventional crops in plain area before Taihang Mountains was analyzed by Mann-Kendall nonparametric test. [ Result] Seen from rainfall during growth pedods of the different crops, rainfall was the least during the growth period of winter wheat, followed by summer corn. Rainfall during growth peri- ods of the cotton, oil plant, vegetable, fruit tree, potato, rice and legumes was more. Under different guaranteed rates, precipitation change also had difference. Rainfall change during growth periods of the wheat and corn was bigger, and rainfall change during growth period of the rice was smaller. Change degree of the precipitation during growth periods of the cotton, oil plant, vegetable, fruit tree and legumes was equivalent, while precipitation change during growth period of the potato was the biggest. Seen from change tendency of the precipitation during growth periods of the different crops, precipitation in the growth period of winter wheat was increasing at a speed of 0.62 mm/a. However, precipitation in growth periods of the other crops had a decreasing tendency. Precipitation in the growth periods of summer corn and legumes decreased at the same speed which was 2.11 mm/a, while precipitation in growth periods of the cotton, oil plant, vegetable, fruit tree, potato and rice decreased insignificantly. [ Con dusion] The study laid foundation for determination of the agricultural irrigation water and provided theoretical reference for regional agricultural water-saving.

Rehabilitation and Sustainable Use Pattern of Rocky-desertified Land in Southwest China’s Poverty-stricken Karst Mountainous Areas——A Case Study in Benggu Township, Xichou County, Yunnan, China

The rocky desert in a karst area directly causes the lack of soil, water and forest, hence leading to the poverty there. In 1990, the villagers from the Muzhe Village in Benggu Township, Xichou County, Yunnan declared a war against rocky desert in an attempt to ask the fields for more yields. They invented a distinctive land rehabilitation and sustainable use pattern called “transforming heavenand earth” that had been practiced in Southwest China’s karst areas. The key mechanism of the pattern was to develop terraced fields with well conserved soil, water and fertility by exploding rocks in the fields, building stone walls, gathering more soil, and improving soil quality and productivity for the fields in combination with building of irrigation facilities and roads, as well as with forestation and agriculture structure adjustment. The purpose of the pattern was to alleviate poverty in the karst areas by improving soil productivity and promoting agriculturaldevelopment. A typical area was studied with the help of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and the pattern was carried out there for fifteen years, have produced excellent ecological benefits and good economic benefits. Its application in the area approved that it was a sustainable land use pattern for rocky desert areas.

Estimation of evapotranspiration with drainage lysimeters in the Taihang Mountain area,China

In this research, the evapotranspiration （ET） of three native vegetation communities were measured using drainage lysime- ters in the Taihang Mountain area, China. They are a local grass, Themedajaponica, a local shrub, Vitex negundo var. heterophylla Rebd. and a mixture of both communities. The ET was measured using level lysimeters （with a slope of 0°） and slope lysimeters （with a slope of 25°）. In general, the measured ET was higher in the level lysimeters than in the slope lysimeters because of the water loss of surface runoff from the slope lysimeter. The total ETs over the growing season for the grass, shrub, and the mixture were 730.4, 742.0 and 790.7 mm, respectively in the level lysimeters, and 535.5, 504.1 and 540.1 mm, respectively in the slope lysimeters. In addition, the monthly ET peaked in August and had close linear relationship with leaf area index. The drainage lysimeter is an effective tool to estimate plant ET in mountain areas. The results from this research would provide scientific information for the vegetation recovery and sustainable development of forestry in the TM areas.

Evaluation of the production-living-ecology space function suitability of Pingshan County in the Taihang mountainous area,China

A rational utilization of land is a matter of importance in sustainable development of mountainous area.The land function in mountainous areas has a close connection with space structure of ecology,production and living.To promote a harmonious development of the relationship between people and nature in mountainous areas,it is necessary to coordinate their relationships of space functions.Suitability evaluation of basic unit function associated with multi-scale space analysis is a prerequisite to a reasonable optimization of land function structure.In this study,an optimized evaluation index system of combination functions was introduced into the assessment of ecological spatial functional suitability in ecological fragile regions by adding three indicators,namely,soil erosion sensitivity,landscape ecological risk and ecological sensitivity.The principle of"taking high"(referred to a function with high suitability to be regarded as the main function of an evaluation unit)and ecological priority(referred to the case,supposing the suitability of a unit’s three functions is consistent,the main function is determined to be the ecological function)were used to determine the main function of an evaluation unit.Pingshan County,China,located at the eastern foot of the Taihang Mountain,was targeted in this case study.The production-livingecology space(PLES)function in Pingshan was identified by applying our improved valuation indexes.Further,the functional suitability distribution of the combination of elements was obtained by using overlapping comprehensive analysis method,considering the tradeoff of the functional suitability of combination elements.The regions suitable for production/living were distributed in relatively flat piedmont plains,whereas the regions suitable for ecology were distributed in the mountain areas of middle and low altitudes.Therefore,to maintain a sustainable development in mountainous areas,an improved scheme of development for Pingshan should be to delineate ecologically fragile areas,to build ecological industrial parks near existing scenic spots,to protect basic agricultural production areas,and to increase investment in science and technology,including reasonable ecological compensation.This study can provide reference for the planning of sustainable development in the Taihang Mountain area and similar regions.

Fractal features and infiltration characteristics of the soil from different land uses in a small watershed in a rocky,mountainous area in Shandong Province

We studied infiltration and fractal mechanisms on sloping farmlands in a small watershed in Shandong Province in the rocky mountain areas of northern China.We studied soil fraction and soil water retention curves,and developed a soil infiltration model to analyze its quantitative relationship with soil particle size and pore dimensions under four types of land use,including sloping farmland,abandoned land,natural forest,and forest plantation(Malus pumila,Crataegus pinnatifida).Soil stability infiltration rate ranked as sloping farmland>abandoned land>natural forest>forest plantation.The sequence of soil particle size and pore dimension ranked as natural forest>forest plantation>abandoned land>sloping farmland.There were significant positive correlations between soil particle size and pore dimension,and both were positively correlated with the percent volume of silt and clay.They were negatively correlated with soil infiltration rate.The Horton model and the power function model were more suitable for simulating soil infiltration and the infiltration rate.We concluded that the soil in this area displayed typical fragments of rocky mountainous regions due to the loss of silt and clay caused by cultivation on sloping farmland.The uniformity and fractal dimensions of soil particle sizes and pore distribution decreased,thereby enhancing soil infiltration capacity and decreasing soil water retention capacity.

Current Situation of Information Demand of Farmers in Taihang Mountain Area: A Case Study of Pingshan County in Hebei Province

Since the reform and opening-up,economy of mountain areas in China has realized considerable development.However,due to such factors as terrain,traffic,and individual differences,compared with plain and coastal areas,mountain areas still lag far behind.In recent years,informationization construction of China develops rapidly,but it nearly stagnates in mountain rural areas.Information has become an essential factor restricting economic development of rural areas.Based on the survey of current information demand of farmers carried out in Pingshan County in Hebei Province in 2010,this study came up with relevant recommendations,in order to speed up development of rural economic in mountain areas,narrow the regional gap,improve living condition of farmers in mountain areas,and increase income level of farmers in mountain areas.

基于“源-汇”理论的山区农村居民点“三生空间”优化研究——以井陉县为例

本研究根据农村居民点以及太行山区县域“三生空间”分布特征,基于“源-汇”理论和MCR模型,从生态源地扩张和生产源地扩张的角度,依据“三生”功能构建阻力面指标体系,计算最小累积阻力面差,实现县域“三生空间”的划分和农村居民点分类整治优化。结果表明:(1)基于“源-汇”理论的最小累积阻力模型在山区“三生空间”格局构建,农村居民点分类整治中具有相容性和可行性;(2)研究区以生态保护区和生态优化区为主,生态空间占比59.5%,以生态功能为主,农村居民点分布中生产功能占比62.7%,以生产功能导向为主,因此,乡村整治要根据农村居民所处的主导功能分类整治;(3)乡村整治应综合考虑农村居民点的生活、生产、生态功能特征,分类促进山区乡村振兴和生态文明建设。

太行山区阜平县温泉水化学特征及成因分析

河北省阜平县位于太行山腹地,温泉出露于变质岩地层和变质核杂岩构造区,开展温泉水化学及成因分析,对于变质岩区隆起山地型地热资源的勘查开发具有一定的指导意义。本文基于阜平县自然地理及区域地热地质背景,采用野外调查及采样测试等手段,综合运用水化学及稳定同位素等方法明确了温泉水化学特征和主要离子物质来源,初步推测了温泉的补给来源、深部热源等。阜平县温泉水质总体呈弱碱性,变质岩区温泉水化学类型为SO_(4)^(-)Na型,碳酸盐岩区为HCO_(3)^(-)Ca·Mg型,水化学演化以风化溶解作用为主导,阳离子交换作用为辅。温泉流体中的SO4^(2+)、Na^(+)主要来自硫化物和硅酸盐溶解,HCO_(3)^(2-)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)主要来自碳酸盐溶解。研究区温泉的补给水源为大气降水,并具有轻微的18O漂移现象,补给高程为1500~2600m,推测补给区位于研究区西北部变质岩区和东北部的碳酸盐岩区;研究区温泉样品均达石英理论平衡溶解线,估算热储温度56.46~133.71℃,循环深度2213.0~8092.3m;研究区温泉热源主要来自深部幔枝构造、低速高导层及构造热,韧性剪切带和深大断裂作为传热通道,地表热显示主要受控于断裂构造。研究区地热资源属于深循环可再生能源,热储温度达中高温标准,可进一步开展深部地热资源的勘查开发工作,促进当地经济绿色可持续发展,助力阜平县乡村建设。

南太行自然保护地空间分布格局及交叉重叠关系研究

以南太行地区5种类型99处国家级和省级自然保护地为研究对象,运用最邻近点指数、地理集中指数和核密度分析法并借助GIS的空间分析功能,对南太行自然保护地的空间分布特征以及交叉重叠情况进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,南太行自然保护地森林公园的数量最多,自然保护区面积最大,长治市内的保护地分布数量最多,整体呈集聚的空间分布类型;其保护地按照密度值可分为3档,大多为点状分布,高密度区主要呈带状和团块状分布在南太行东部地带及部分南部地区;99处保护地中存在27处交叉重叠,风景名胜区交地质公园是最多的重叠类型。

不同降雨和植被类型下径流小区产流产沙特征分析

基于滨海水土保持监测站大套坡面径流小区2022—2023年监测资料,利用双累积曲线、Pearson相关性分析等方法,探讨盐城市北方土石山区在不同降雨条件下不同植被类型对径流泥沙的影响,并进行水土保持措施防治效益评价,旨在为本区域水土流失预防和建设良好的生态环境提供了技术支撑。

五种气候生产力模型在华北土石山区的适用性分析

植被净初级生产力(Net Primary Productivity,NPP)是陆地植物的净固碳量,对于全球碳估算研究具有重要意义。华北土石山区作为中国林业工程重点区域,是典型的干旱半干旱气候区,准确估算该地区NPP大小及其变化特征对林业生态工程建设具有重要意义。本文基于河南小浪底森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站1980-2020年气候数据,利用Miami模型、Thornthwaite Memorial模型、Chikugo模型、朱志辉模型及周广胜模型共5种气候生产力模型估算,分析NPP的变化趋势,运用随机森林算法探讨NPP影响因素,并以区域MODISNPP数据为标准进行评价,以探究适合估算该地区NPP的气候生产力模型。结果表明:(1)华北土石山区年平均气温、最高气温、最低气温和降水量均呈上升趋势,变化速率分别为0.05℃×a^(-1)、0.04℃×a^(-1)、0.05℃×a^(-1)和1.58mm×a^(-1);年平均太阳辐射和平均相对湿度则呈下降趋势,变化速率分别为0.46MJ×m^(-2)×a^(-1)和0.17个百分点×a^(-1)。(2)采用5种模型计算的华北土石山区NPP均呈上升趋势,但NPP值存在差异,变化范围在739.35~958.48gC×m^(-2)×a^(-1),均值为862.19gC×m^(-2)×a^(-1)。其中Miami模型估算值最大(958.48gC×m^(-2)×a^(-1)),周广胜模型估算值最小(739.35gC×m^(-2)×a^(-1))。(3)随机森林算法表明,降水是影响该地区NPP的关键因子。适用性分析显示,周广胜模型估算值与MODIS NPP最接近,其相对误差、RMSE和MAE分别为1.45%、451.05gC×m^(-2)×a^(-1)和446.03gC×m^(-2)×a^(-1),且相关系数最大(0.49)。综上可知,周广胜模型更适宜该地区的NPP估算,在使用气候生产力模型估算华北土石山区NPP时,应优先考虑使用周广胜模型。

北方土石山区坡面水土流失特征研究

[目的]揭示北方土石山区坡面水土流失规律,为山区土壤侵蚀防治和生态建设提供科学依据。[方法]利用1988—1991年坡面径流小区观测数据,运用统计和相关分析等方法,对不同下垫面条件下坡面水土流失特征进行了分析,并探讨了坡面径流深度、土壤侵蚀模数、土壤入渗率与有效降雨量、平均降雨强度、降雨历时、降雨等级的关系。[结果](1)在5°08′~24°08′坡度范围内,坡面径流深度随坡度增加逐渐减小,土壤侵蚀模数和土壤入渗率随坡度增加逐渐增大;(2)在2.18~33.19 m坡长范围内,坡面径流深度随坡长增加逐渐减小,土壤侵蚀模数和土壤入渗率随坡长增加呈现先增后减的变化趋势,存在临界坡长;(3)随着植被覆盖度增加,坡面径流深度、土壤侵蚀模数迅速减小,土壤入渗率逐渐增加;裸地的坡面径流深度和土壤侵蚀模数显著高于30%植被覆盖度坡面,但植被覆盖度由30%增加到60%,90%时,坡面水土流失过程的影响差异并不明显,说明在水土流失治理中存在临界植被覆盖度;(4)坡面径流深度、土壤侵蚀模数主要受到有效降雨量和平均降雨强度影响,且均呈显著正相关;而土壤入渗率主要受到平均降雨强度和降雨历时影响,与平均降雨强度呈显著正相关,与降雨历时呈显著负相关;随降雨等级的增加,坡面径流深度和土壤侵蚀模数呈增加趋势而土壤入渗率呈先增加后减少的趋势。[结论]下垫面条件和降雨因素对北方土石山区坡面水土流失过程产生了重要影响。未来应结合室内试验和模型模拟,进一步加强该区域不同自然因素和人类活动对坡面水土流失过程和影响机制的研究。

滇东南喀斯特山区石漠化程度与坡位因子的关联机制研究

石漠化作为一种土地退化现象,是中国西南喀斯特地区的主要生态问题之一。探寻石漠化分布规律及影响机制是石漠化有效治理的关键。文章以滇东南喀斯特山区的3个典型实验区为研究对象,提取石漠化程度及坡位信息,探讨不同等级石漠化沿坡位的分布规律,并采用通径分析法研究石漠化程度与坡位的关联机制。结果表明:(1)实验区内从山脊到山谷石漠化面积逐渐减少,而非石漠化面积逐渐上升,石漠化主要分布在坡位高的地方;其中轻度石漠化多发生在山脊和上坡,中度石漠化多发生在山脊、上坡和下坡,重度石漠化在各坡位的分布较均匀。(2)坡位与石漠化程度的相关性显著,坡位直接影响着石漠化的分布规律。同时,坡位对石漠化的影响受到坡度与地形切割深度间接的强化作用。(3)坡位与石漠化程度的关联机制是:当区域以自然演化状态为主时,坡位与石漠化程度呈负关联,坡位越高,伴随坡度与地形切割深度变大,导致高坡位区域物质迁移更加频繁,石漠化的程度加剧;当区域人类活动影响明显时,坡位与石漠化程度呈正关联,坡位越低,随同坡度与地形切割深度较小,人类活动更加方便且频繁,消耗了由高坡位到低坡位的堆积物质,使石漠化程度加深。研究结果能为喀斯特山区石漠化程度综合影响机制的深入分析提供参考,为山区石漠化治理及生态恢复措施制定提供依据。

华北土石山区油松生长季夜间液流分配特征

【目的】通过对油松生长季夜间液流特征和环境驱动因素的研究,揭示夜间液流组分拆分特征,探讨夜间液流的组分与气象因子之间的相关关系,以及茎干补水对气象因子的响应,为华北土石山区水资源和水源涵养林管理决策提供理论依据。【方法】以华北土石山区的油松作为研究对象,根据径阶大小选取18棵样树,在2014年生长季运用Granier热扩散探针技术(TDP)持续观测夜间液流,结合称重式蒸渗仪和自制微型蒸渗仪来计算蒸腾量,解析夜间液流的去向;并进行夜间液流与土壤含水量、大气温度、湿度及光合有效辐射等气象因子的相关分析,以确定主要驱动因素。【结果】在6—9月典型晴天,夜间液流速率都呈逐渐降低趋势,18:00—24:00的夜间液流速率高于00:00—05:00,夜间液流主要用于对白天失水过多的茎干进行补水,以至于在24:00时油松茎干储水量基本达到饱和,因此,00:00—05:00夜间液流速率趋于稳定;油松夜间液流用于茎干补水的比例(95.34%)显著高于用于夜间蒸腾量的比例(4.66%);油松夜间茎干补水量与饱和水汽压差呈极显著正相关(R^(2)=0.793,P<0.01),而对土壤含水量变化响应不敏感(R^(2)=0.105,P>0.05),表明夜间液流主要受饱和水汽压影响。【结论】华北土石山区的油松生长季夜间液流随着夜间时间的进行呈现逐渐降低的趋势;绝大部分的夜间液流用于夜间茎干补水,在气象因子中,饱和水汽压是驱动夜间茎干补水及夜间液流的重要因子(P<0.01)。

供需关系下保定太行山区生态系统服务时空演化研究

为明确区域生态系统服务供给和需求的匹配关系,实现区域生态和社会经济的可持续发展,基于InVEST模型,量化太行山区保定段8个县域2005-2020年粮食供给和碳固定服务的供给量和需求量,对供需关系的时空特征进行研究,并为保定太行山区的生态系统服务管理提出合理建议。研究结果显示:(1)2005-2020年保定太行山区的粮食供给服务供给量呈现波动上升的趋势,需求量和供需比呈现持续上升的趋势;产水服务供给量和需求量呈现逐步上升的趋势,而供需比呈先上升后下降的趋势;碳固定服务供给量呈现先下降后上升的趋势,需求量呈现持续增长的趋势,供需比呈先上升后下降的趋势。(2)2005-2020年保定太行山区的粮食供给-产水-碳固定服务和3种生态系统服务的供需比均呈现"西北高,东南低"的分布特征。(3)2005-2020年保定太行山区的3种生态系统服务均以高供给低需求的供需特征为主,粮食供给-产水-碳固定服务的供需以供给大于需求为主。研究结果有助于了解保定太行山区的生态系统服务供需均衡匹配状况,并指导生态系统的管理和规划。

河北省太行山区绿色农业发展问题与路径优化研究

发展绿色农业是推动现代农业高质量发展的必然要求。作为京津冀生态屏障的太行山区要统筹农业发展与生态保护,将山区资源优势转化为产业优势,推动农业绿色发展。河北省太行山区具备发展绿色农业的资源优势和产业基础,也存在着土地细碎化、产业化程度低、劳动力老龄化等问题。着力培育新型经营主体以发挥示范带动作用、加快土地流转以实现规模化作业、成立科技创新联盟以突破共性关键技术、打造区域公用品牌以提升产品市场竞争力,从而推动河北省太行山区绿色农业发展。

基于域—生物群系—功能群分类的生态系统类型识别及时空格局变化分析——以河北省太行山区为例

[目的]科学识别河北省太行山区生态系统类型,是理解河北省太行山区生态系统时空分布格局和支撑生态系统分类管理的基础。[方法]基于域—生物群系—功能群(RBE)的分类原理,构建了包括3个1级,8个2级和24个3级类的生态系统分类体系,并集成多源数据,开展了2000和2020年的河北省太行山区生态系统的分类制图。基于RUSLE模型、InVEST模型和热点分析等方法,分析生态系统服务的时空格局演变。[结果]①河北省太行山区20 a间建设用地生态系统增加最多,主要来自农田生态系统。农田生态系统缩减了61105.95 hm^(2),以雨养农田为主。受人类活动的影响,河流和人工湿地面积分别增加了5584.32和2535.66 hm^(2),而林地和草地生态系统减幅分别为0.96%和8.18%。未利用地生态系统受研究区生态保护措施影响减少5800.68 hm^(2)。②生态系统服务值受生态系统类型分布影响总体呈现西高东低的分布格局,除粮食供给服务为西低东高,主要是由于农田主要分布在东部地区。③冷热点区域空间分布整体上具有重叠性,但仍有差异。[结论]提出的分类体系具有可行性,分类精度达到80%以上,符合研究区的生态系统类型变化趋势,可为识别山区生态系统分类和生态系统保护修复政策提供科学支撑,进而促进山区生态发展目标和可持续发展的实现。

太行山北段赤瓦屋铜钼矿及外围地-物-化-遥综合信息找矿靶区预测

【研究目的】赤瓦屋铜钼矿位于太行山北段成矿带,属于找矿突破战略的重点勘查区域,目前找矿工作进入瓶颈期,本研究对下一步找矿突破具有重要指导意义。【研究方法】本文基于对赋矿岩体、矿床地质特征、地球物理、地球化学和遥感地质的综合研究,分析找矿标志。【研究结果】认为赤瓦屋铜钼矿与深部花岗斑岩有关,具有斑岩型矿床的典型矿化特征,形成于早白垩世;研究区环形构造发育,大型环形构造与赤瓦屋岩体及外围隐伏岩体有关,小微型环形构造多数与隐蔽爆破角砾岩或隐伏小岩株有关;地球化学异常及遥感蚀变异常的空间分布吻合程度高,对矿化具有显著的控制作用;提出了4个找矿靶区。【结论】在赤瓦屋岩体内部应把确定隐爆角砾岩体和隐伏花岗斑岩体的空间位置作为找矿工作的重点,以寻找Cu、Mo矿为主;外围应以Cu、Au、Ag多金属矿为主。

北方土石山区薄土坡耕地石坎反坡阶措施减流减沙效益分析

为解决我国北方土石山区薄土坡耕地水土流失问题,通过布设标准径流小区来研究石坎反坡阶措施的水土保持综合效果。结果表明:石坎反坡阶措施对于坡耕地水土流失调控效果显著,该措施相较于等高耕作措施,坡面径流削减率和泥沙削减率分别达到68.57%和94.29%;石坎反坡阶措施在提高坡面土壤水分含量、提高坡面水分分布均匀度方面能够发挥出良好的作用,该措施相较于等高耕作措施,坡面总体土壤水分含量提高了7.78%;石坎反坡阶措施能够显著提高坡耕地的农作物产量,相较于常规等高耕作措施,玉米产量提高了12.69%。石坎反坡阶的设计及作用效果研究,丰富了我国北方土石山区薄土坡耕地的水土流失治理途径。