Dynamic Response Study of Steel Catenary Riser Based on Slender Rod Model

A numerical model of the steel catenary riser(SCR) is built based on the slender rod model. The slender rod model,which describes the behavior of the slender riser in terms of the center line position, can solve the geometrical nonlinearity effectively. In a marine environment, the SCR is under the combined internal flow and external loads,such as wave and current. A general analysis considers only the inertial force and the drag force caused by the wave and current. However, the internal flow has an effect on the SCR; it is essential to explore the dynamic response of the SCR with the internal flow. The SCR also suffers the lift force and the fluctuating drag force because of the current. Finite element method is utilized to solve the motion equations. The effects of the internal flow, wave and current on the dynamic response of the SCR are considered. The results indicate that the increase of the internal flow density leads to the decrease of the displacement of the SCR, while the internal flow velocity has little effect on the SCR. The displacement of the SCR increases with the increase of the wave height and period. And the increasing wave period results in an increase in the vibration period of the SCR. The current velocity changes the displacements of the SCR in x-and z-directions. The vibration frequency of the SCR in y-direction increases with the increase of the current velocity.

Qualitative Knowledge Based Discrete Rod Model with Simulation Case

Constructing a qualitative model for discrete rods warhead,the kinematics analysis and dynamics analysis of the rods are completed.On the basis of the qualitative model of discrete rods,a simulation case is provided.The qualitative simulation result shows that hexagon cross section shape of rod will receive the lowest air drag while by means of better preplaced dip angle,controlling the rotation velocity of the rod and keeping every rod with identical dip angle to the axis of warhead will make the rod get a lateral direction velocity so as to have the rod gain identical casting initial velocity in its length direction.Simulation experiment shows that when dip angle of preplaced discrete rod is 6°,the damage cycle reaches the optimal value.

On dynamics of elastic rod based on exact Cosserat model

The analysis of kinematics and dynamics of an elastic rod with circular cross section is studied on the basis of exact Cosserat model under consideration of the tension and shear deformation of the rod. The dynamical equations of a rod with arbitrary initial shape are established in general form. The dynamics of a straight rod under axial tension and torsion is discussed as an example. In discussion of static stability in the space domain the Greenhill criteria of stability and the Euler load are corrected by the influence of tension and shear strain. In analysis of dynamical stability in the time domain it is shown that the Lyapunov and Euler stability conditions of the rod in space domain are the necessary conditions of Lyapunov＇s stability in the time domain. The longitudinal, torsional and lateral vibrations of a straight rod based on exact model are discussed, and an exact formula of free frequency of lateral vibration is obtained. The free frequency formulas of various simplified models, such as the Rayleigh beam, the Kirchhoff rod, and the Timoshenko beam, can be seen as special cases of the exact formula under different conditions of simplification.

Analytical models for the penetration of semi-infinite targets by rigid,deformable and erosive long rods

A theoretical study is presented herein on the pen- etration of a semi-infinite target by a spherical-headed long rod for Yp 〉 S, where Yp is the penetrator strength and S is the static target resistance. For Yp 〉 S, depending upon initial impact velocity, there exist three types of penetration, namely, penetration by a rigid long rod, penetration by a deforming non-erosive long rod and penetration by an erosive long rod. If the impact velocity of the penetrator is higher than the hydrodynamic velocity （VH）, it will penetrate the target in an erosive mode; if the impact velocity lies between the hydrodynamic velocity （VH） and the rigid body velocity （VR）, it will penetrate the target in a deformable mode; if the impact velocity is less than the rigid body velocity （VR）, it will penetrate the target in a rigid mode. The critical conditions for the transition among these three penetration modes are proposed. It is demonstrated that the present model predictions correlate well with the experimental observations in terms of depth of penetration （DOP） and the critical transition conditions.

Approximate solutions of the Alekseevskii–Tate model of long-rod penetration

The Alekseevskii–Tate model is the most successful semi-hydrodynamic model applied to long-rod penetration into semi-infinite targets. However, due to the nonlinear nature of the equations, the rod(tail) velocity, penetration velocity, rod length, and penetration depth were obtained implicitly as a function of time and solved numerically By employing a linear approximation to the logarithmic relative rod length, we obtain two sets of explicit approximate algebraic solutions based on the implicit theoretica solution deduced from primitive equations. It is very convenient in the theoretical prediction of the Alekseevskii–Tate model to apply these simple algebraic solutions. In particular, approximate solution 1 shows good agreement with the theoretical(exact) solution, and the first-order perturbation solution obtained by Walters et al.(Int. J. Impac Eng. 33:837–846, 2006) can be deemed as a special form of approximate solution 1 in high-speed penetration. Meanwhile, with constant tail velocity and penetration velocity approximate solution 2 has very simple expressions, which is applicable for the qualitative analysis of long-rod penetration. Differences among these two approximate solutions and the theoretical(exact) solution and their respective scopes of application have been discussed, and the inferences with clear physical basis have been drawn. In addition, these two solutions and the first-order perturbation solution are applied to two cases with different initial impact velocity and different penetrator/target combinations to compare with the theoretical(exact) solution. Approximate solution 1 is much closer to the theoretical solution of the Alekseevskii–Tate model than the first-order perturbation solution in both cases, whilst approximate solution 2 brings us a more intuitive understanding of quasi-steady-state penetration.

Stability analysis of helical rod based on exact Cosserat model

Helical equilibrium of a thin elastic rod has practical backgrounds, such as DNA, fiber, sub-ocean cable, and oil-well drill string. Kirchhoff＇s kinetic analogy is an effective approach to the stability analysis of equilibrium of a thin elastic rod. The main hypotheses of Kirchhoff＇s theory without the extension of the centerline and the shear deformation of the cross section are not adoptable to real soft materials of biological fibers. In this paper, the dynamic equations of a rod with a circular cross section are established on the basis of the exact Cosserat model by considering the tension and the shear deformations. Euler＇s angles are applied as the attitude representation of the cross section. The deviation of the normal axis of the cross section from the tangent of the centerline is considered as the result of the shear deformation. Lyapunov＇s stability of the helical equilibrium is discussed in static category. Euler＇s critical values of axial force and torque are obtained. Lyapunov＇s and Euler＇s stability conditions in the space domain are the necessary conditions of Lyapunov＇s stability of the helical rod in the time domain.

An Axisymmetric Numerical Model for Simulating Kinetically-Limited Growth of a Cylindrical Rod in 3D Laser-induced Chemical Vapor Deposition

Laser-induced chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) is an important process for freeform microfabrication of high aspect ratio prototypes. The system consists of a laser beam focused onto a movable substrate in a vacuum chamber. Heat from the laser at or near the focal spot of the beam causes gas in the chamber to react. As a result, solid-phase reaction products are deposited on the substrate to form the microstructure. In this paper, we develop a numerical model for simulating growth of an axisymmetric cylindrical rod by pre-specifying the surface temperatures required for growing the rod and then by solving for the laser power that satisfies the pre-specified temperatures. The solution using least squares is obtained by minimizing the sum of square deviations between the pre-specified surface temperatures and the calculated temperatures from the heat equation with a given laser power as a heat source. Model predictions of the laser power over growth time helped in optimizing the growth process. Rods grown based on the predicted laser power from the numerical model were very close to being cylindrical in shape. Ways to further improve the model are being investigated.

CR连接件弹性抗剪刚度计算方法研究

当前对于钢混组合梁桥中CR连接件的研究主要集中于承载力,对其抗剪刚度研究较少,没有较为通用的理论计算公式。为建立合理的CR连接件抗剪刚度计算公式,笔者基于现有试验建立有限元模型并加以验证,模拟不同结构参数的剪力连接件弹性阶段的荷载-位移曲线,揭示不同参数下的连接件弹性抗剪刚度变化规律。利用等效弹簧模型和等效杆系弹簧模型,笔者分别研究了剪力键、混凝土榫以及混凝土榫内贯穿钢筋的抗剪刚度,结合弹性阶段刚度叠加关系,建立了CR连接件弹性抗剪刚度理论计算公式。理论计算与有限元拟合结果对比表明:连接件弹性抗剪刚度理论计算值与拟合值的误差在7.7%以内,结果吻合性较好,可作为结构设计的依据。

斯特林机活塞杆帽式密封泄漏率预测及其优化设计

斯特林机活塞杆帽式密封处总有微量气体泄漏,但目前大多数研究是通过分析密封面接触载荷而开展的。为探究干摩擦状态下帽式密封泄漏问题,基于分形理论从微观角度对密封面形貌进行表征,结合环形轴向缝隙流体流动模型建立帽式密封泄漏分形模型。通过试验验证泄漏模型的准确性。根据已验证模型对泄漏率影响因素进行交互分析,获取工况条件对不同粗糙度密封面泄漏率的影响规律,并提出使用遗传算法对特定工况下的C型环密封表面形貌与O型圈的预压缩率进行最优匹配。结果表明:泄漏率随着O型圈的预压缩率增大而下降,随着工质压力及活塞杆速度的增大而增大,且密封面越粗糙时泄漏率变化幅度越大;当密封表面粗糙度增大时泄漏率增大,但密封面形貌越粗糙时,增大接触载荷泄漏率更易减小;最终确定当斯特林机的工质压力P1=5 MPa,活塞杆运动速度V=1 m/s时,应匹配密封面粗糙度Ra=0.27μm的改性聚四氟乙烯C型环,并设定O型圈的预压缩率W=23.13%,帽式密封泄漏率将会达到最低。所建泄漏模型可提前为密封件的选择做出决策,而优化设计方法可为后续密封件表面粗糙度的确定和加工方法的选择提供指导。

一种杆长可调的多功能铰链四杆机构模型的设计

设计出一款多功能铰链四杆机构,可使不同机构类型在同一模型上实现。阐述了设计原理,完成了杆长调节机构、限位装置、杆长锁紧装置、机架、多功能连接装置、铅笔固定滑块机构的设计,通过数字化模型呈现其功能。

Surface effect and non-local elasticity in wave propagation of functionally graded piezoelectric nano-rod excited to applied voltage

A non-local solution for a functionally graded piezoelectric nano-rod is pre- sented by accounting the surface effect. This solution is used to evaluate the charac- teristics of the wave propagation in the rod structure. The model is loaded under a two-dimensional （2D） electric potential and an initially applied voltage at the top of the rod. The mechanical and electrical properties are assumed to be variable along the thick- ness direction of the rod according to the power law. The Hamilton principle is used to derive the governing differential equations of the electromechanical system. The effects of some important parameters such as the applied voltage and gradation of the material properties on the wave characteristics of the rod are studied.

基于基尔霍夫模型矩形截面微纳米螺旋机械性质的研究

三维微纳米螺旋材料具有超弹性、长程线性弹性、超强机械稳定性,属于材料科学研究前沿领域之一。论文基于基尔霍夫弹性细杆理论研究了微纳米螺旋材料的机械性能。通过建立矩形横截面副法线和法线螺旋结构模型,以SiGe/Si/Cr纳米螺旋材料作为研究对象,定量考察其负载能力,计算了胡克常数。分析其在轴向受力情况下胡克常数随轴向相对伸长率的变化。计算结果发现两种螺旋胡克常数并非恒定量,其中,副法线螺旋的线性弹性区域较大,在此区域胡克常数几乎不变。因此,矩形副法线螺旋具有更好的线性弹性,更利于机械系统的相关应用。

Rod-pinch二极管理论及数值模拟

介绍了Rod-pinch二极管的基本结构和工作原理,采用Laminar模型分析了Rod-pinch二极管中的粒子运动过程及其阻抗特性。考虑背景空间离子电荷的影响,用1维Laminar方程分析Rod-pinch二极管中电子的自箍缩过程,并且利用Magic程序对其中的粒子运动进行数值模拟,求解二极管中的电压和电流,最终得出二极管的阻抗特性,在较低电压下,负极性RPD的性能明显不如正极性RPD。根据临界电流经验公式,初步验证Laminar理论模型的可行性。

活塞杆贯通式抗蛇行减振器在铁道车辆上的适应性研究

活塞杆贯通式抗蛇行减振器因活塞杆在活塞上下工作腔所占的截面积相等,且活塞上拉伸阻尼阀、压缩阻尼阀参数一致,因此在拉伸和压缩行程中工作腔内的油液通过阻尼阀的流量相等,从而产生相等的阻尼力,使之具有高度对称的动、静态性能,可以弥补双油路抗蛇行减振器静态性能对称性差、单油路抗蛇行减振器动态性能对称性差的不足。首先,基于活塞杆贯通式、双油路和单油路抗蛇行减振器的工作原理和结构参数,建立3种抗蛇行减振器的数值仿真模型;然后,通过减振器性能试验对模型进行验证,对比研究3种抗蛇行减振器仿真下的动、静态性能对称性;最后,利用Simulink将车辆模型和抗蛇行减振器模型进行动力学联合仿真,对比研究小锥度曲线工况下安装活塞杆贯通式和双油路抗蛇行减振器的铁道车辆的曲线稳定性以及大锥度直线工况下安装活塞杆贯通式和单油路抗蛇行减振器的铁道车辆的直线稳定性。研究结果表明:活塞杆贯通式抗蛇行减振器动、静态性能对称性都优异,且都好于双油路和单油路抗蛇行减振器;小锥度曲线工况下,相比于双油路抗蛇行减振器,安装活塞杆贯通式抗蛇行减振器可以提高车辆的非线性临界速度,进一步抑制转向架1.2 Hz左右的摇头振动,提高车辆的曲线稳定性;大锥度直线工况下,相比于单油路抗蛇行减振器,安装活塞杆贯通式抗蛇行减振器可以提高车辆的非线性临界速度,进一步显著抑制转向架8 Hz以下的摇头振动,提高车辆的直线稳定性。研究结果为活塞杆贯通式抗蛇行减振器在铁道车辆上的适应性优势提供理论依据。

测井作业中电缆井口张力计算

在石油勘探与开发中,测井作业是一项至关重要的技术活动,电缆井口张力作为测井过程中的一个重要参数,是判断测井作业安全的一个重要指标。采用最小曲率法,对井眼轨迹进行了插值计算,构造了电缆在不同井深处的三维曲线。采用软杆模型,对微段电缆进行受力分析,提出了电缆井口张力的计算流程。研究结果表明:对于上提和下放工况,测井电缆井口张力均随着井深的增加而增加,且上提张力远大于下放张力。张力计算结果与国外Cerberus软件、实测数据进行了对比,验证了计算方法的可行性。研究成果为我国测井行业专业软件开发提供了技术支持。

棒束结构气冷换热的湍流模型适用性评价

高功率空间核电源采用棒束气冷堆具有质量轻等优势,其紧凑的栅格结构以及流动雷诺数(Re)较低的特点会影响堆芯的流动换热规律,采用CFD开展数值分析时需评价湍流模型的适用性。在气体工质棒束结构流动换热实验的基础上,利用ANSYS Fluent建立了试验段的数值模型,针对入口Re在688~2 986之间的实验工况,选择4种湍流模型开展了数值模拟,对比了加热棒包壳温度实验测量值与计算值。结果表明,4种湍流模型计算的棒温整体上均低于实验值,其中转捩SST模型结果与实验值最接近,整体平均偏差为-2.0%,较好地反映了横流等特征,可用于Re在2 000左右的棒束气冷堆芯热工水力数值计算。

水下拖曳系统姿态建模与快速预报

文中将拖曳缆等效为多段刚性杆模型,对水听器阵与拖曳缆建立稳定状态下的力平衡和力矩平衡控制方程,采用非线性方程组的迭代求解方法进行数值求解,得到了基于多段杆模型进行非线性方程组求解的快速预报方法.与文献中实验的结果和围绕该实验数据进行的部分文献仿真结果进行了对比,在10与18.5 kn两种情况下,该计算与所进行对比的文献仿真计算结果的误差较小,并且与实验结果更为接近,验证了计算结果的准确性.结果表明:该数学模型可以快速解决拖曳阵姿态仿真问题,缩减了计算时间,实现了快速预极的目的.

活塞阀传动机构动力学建模与参数影响研究

活塞阀在长距离输水、供水排水、电力、灌溉等领域有广泛的应用,其传动机构对调节性能有重要影响。为评估设计参数对动力学性能的影响,文章通过矢量合成法求得曲柄连杆机构中滑块的速度,并结合求导法和达朗伯原理建立了曲柄连杆机构的动力学模型;对各个位置的动力学参数进行了矩阵求解,通过虚拟样机模型对曲柄连杆机构的动力学模型进行了仿真验证;并对曲柄连杆机构进行了参数影响研究,得到了各参数对传动机构性能的影响规律和设计变量的取值规则。结果表明这里建立的理论模型精度较高,对活塞阀传动机构的设计具有指导意义,也为进一步优化研究建立了理论基础。

基于拉压杆模型理论方法的桩基承台受力特性研究

为了研究多桩基承台在直接荷载作用下的拉压杆模型分析模式,与传统拉压杆模型相比,考虑了飞边比对阻力的影响。首先介绍了两种拉压杆模型(MBT-1/MBT-2)的理论方法及计算公式;然后在混凝土块冲切分析的基础上设计了冲切试验,并进行了4组24个试件的冲切试验,依次对比了冲切试验荷载记录值与Gutiérrez R提出的理论公式值以及改进公式;基于拉压杆模型提出了多桩基承台的冲切公式,调整了表征承台内桩基桩帽失效的参数。研究表明,原有Gutiérrez R提出的拉压杆模型公式与试验值存在一定的误差范围,而改进后的拉压杆模型公式与试验值有较好的匹配度;此研究方法可在原简单多桩基承台设计的基础上进行了扩展,并将其应用于复杂荷载作用下多桩基承台设计当中。

基于拉压杆件模型的公路桥梁下部结构优化设计研究

研究通过引入拉压杆件理论,对公路桥梁的下部结构进行系统性的优化设计。首先分析了传统桥梁设计中存在的问题。通过建立数学模型,将桥梁下部结构简化为一系列的拉压杆件。通过对比分析优化前后的结构性能,验证了基于拉压杆件模型的优化设计方法的有效性。研究为公路桥梁下部结构设计提供了一种新的思路和方法,对于推动桥梁工程的技术进步具有重要意义。