基于多CNN的分块镜piston和tip-tilt误差同步检测方法研究

绝大多数大型望远镜采用分块镜的设计方案,为了获得优质的成像效果,需要控制分块望远镜系统的piston和tip-tilt误差。神经网络误差检测方法相较于传统的检测方法具有一定优势,但存在仅检测单一类型误差的局限性。本文提出一种基于卷积神经网络的piston和tip-tilt误差同步检测方法,通过在出瞳面设置具有离散孔的光阑,引发分段镜反射的子波发生干涉-衍射现象,构建包含丰富piston和tip-tilt误差信息的数据集。通过粗测网络和精测网络级联,满足大范围和高精度同步检测的需求。结果表明,该方法实现了对输入光源相干长度内纳米级的piston误差检测,并对10μrad范围内的tip-tilt误差实现了亚微弧度检测;对40 dB的CCD噪声表现出良好的抗干扰性,对面形误差的允差为0.05λ0RMS(λ0=600 nm),同时对六子镜系统具有可扩展性。本文方法光路简单,操作便利,具有实际意义。

Effect of ultrasonic and mechanical vibration treatments on evolution of Mn-rich phases and mechanical properties of Al−12Si−4Cu−1Ni−1Mg−2Mn piston alloys

Effects of ultrasonic vibration(UV)and mechanical vibration(MV)on the Mn-rich phase modification and mechanical properties of Al−12Si−4Cu−1Ni−1Mg−2Mn piston alloys were investigated.The results show that the UV and UV+MV treatments can significantly refine and fragmentize the microstructures.In addition,UV treatment can significantly passivate the primary Mn-rich Al15Mn3Si2 intermetallics.The formation mechanisms of refinement and passivation of the grains and non-dendrite particles were discussed.Compared with the gravity die-cast alloys,the UV and UV+MV treated alloys exhibit improved tensile and creep resistance at room and elevated temperatures.These results can be attributed to the refinement of theα(Al)grains and the secondary intermetallics,the increased proportion of refined heat-resistant precipitates,and the formation of nano-sized Si particles.The ultimate tensile strength of the UV treated alloys at 350℃ exceeds that of commercial piston alloys.This indicates the high application potential of the developed piston alloys in density diesel engines.

Mixing characteristics of three-cylinder valve-controlled energy recovery device based on liquid piston

The isobaric energy recovery device can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the seawater reverse osmosis system by recycling the residual pressure energy of high-pressure concentrated brine.Three-cylinder valve-controlled energy recovery device(TC-ERD)solves the fluid pulsation of traditional two-cylinder devices,but the use of a“liquid piston”exacerbates the mixing between brine and seawater.Herein,the evolutionary law of“liquid piston”and the relationship between volumetric mixing degree and operating conditions are explored.The results show that the“liquid piston”first axially expands and then gradually stabilizes,isolating the brine and seawater.Additionally,as long as the volume utilization ratio(U_(R))of the pressure exchange cylinder remains constant,there will not be much difference in the volumetric mixing degree after stabilization of the“liquid piston”(Vm-max)regardless of changes in the processing capacity(Q)and cycle time(T_(0)).Therefore,the equation for Vm-max with respect to the operating parameters(Q,T_(0))is derived,which can not only predict the Vm-max of the TCERD,but also provide an empirical reference for the design of other valve-controlled devices with“liquid piston”.When the Vm-max is 6%,the efficiency of the TC-ERD at design conditions(30 m^(3)·h^(-1),5.0 MPa)is 97.53%.

Static and Thermal Analysis of Aluminium (413,390,384 and 332) Piston Using Finite Element Method

The main objective of this research was to examine the suitability of aluminium alloy to design a piston of an internal combustion engine for improvement in weight and cost reduction. The piston was modelled using Autodesk Inventor 2017 software. The modelled piston was then imported into Ansys for further analysis. Static structural and thermal analysis were carried out on the pistons of the four different materials namely: Al 413 alloy, Al 384 alloy, Al 390 alloy and Al332 alloy to determine the total deformation, equivalent Von Mises stress, maximum shear stress, and the safety factor. The results of the study revealed that, aluminium 332 alloy piston deformed less compared to the deformations of aluminium 390 alloy piston, aluminium 384 alloy piston and aluminium 413 alloy piston. The induced Von Mises stresses in the pistons of the four different materials were found to be far lower than the yield strengths of all the materials. Hence, all the selected materials including the implementing material have equal properties to withstand the maximum gas load. All the selected materials were observed to have high thermal conductivity enough to be able to withstand the operating temperature in the engine cylinders.

The Effect of Ignition Parameters on the Combustion Characteristics of an Aviation Piston Engine

A cylinder combustion simulation model was established for a two-stroke aviation piston engine used in a small unmanned aerial vehicle. The influence of different ignition system parameters on the combustion process of aviation kerosene was studied using this model. The research results showed that under the working conditions of 5500 r/min and 50% throttle opening, as the ignition energy increased, the peak values of average cylinder pressure and average temperature increased, and the combustion duration shortened, The advance of the combustion center of gravity increases the tendency of the engine to knock. Under the same operating conditions, as the ignition timing advances, the peak values of average pressure and average temperature in the cylinder increase, gradually approaching the top dead center, and the tendency of engine detonation increases more significantly.

Multipoint Infrared Telemetry System for Measuring the Piston Temperature in Internal Combustion Engines

A high precision, high antijamming multipoint infrared telemetry system was developed to measure the piston temperature in internal combustion engine. The temperature at the measuring point is converted into corresponding voltage signal by the thermo-couple first. Then after the V/F stage, the voltage signal is converted into the frequency signal to drive the infrared light-emitting diode to transmit infrared pulses. At the receiver end, a photosensitive audion receives the infrared pulses. After conversion, the voltage recorded by the receiver stands for the magnitude of temperature at the measuring point. Test results of the system indicate that the system is practical and the system can perform multipoint looping temperature measurements for the piston.

基于遗传算法的相位差法波前检测piston误差

光学综合孔径望远镜常常因为子望远镜间的失调大于1λ产生相位差,影响望远镜的分辨能力。基于相位差法的检测技术,可以检测出子望远镜间的微小失调误差。提出了相位差波前检测方法与遗传算法相结合,设计了一个相位差波前传感器,进行综合孔径望远系统的piston误差检测。在计算机模拟成像系统的基础上,仿真结果证明,基于遗传算法的相位差波前检测方法可以较准确地恢复波前相位,检测piston误差。

相位差法用于拼接镜piston相位检测的实验研究

为了在实验的基础上研究相位差法在拼接镜piston波前探测中的性能,本文在球面镜上放置两个合成口径分别为200 mm和50 mm的拼接形光阑,进行了模拟拼接实验。依据相位差法的基本原理,通过优化计算可得piston误差分别小于25 nm和1 nm,以此验证了相位差法在拼接镜piston波前探测中的能力,并为将相位差法用于实际拼接镜系统波前探测打下了一定的基础。

基于遗传算法的氨燃料活塞轨迹燃烧优化控制

利用基于重复控制的主动控制器“虚拟曲轴”,在自由活塞发动机中实现了同一压缩比下的不同活塞轨迹运行特征(以参数Ω表征,为生成轨迹的椭圆的短轴与长轴之比),并从指示热效率、峰值压力位置、着火延迟和氮氧化物排放等特征的分析中,获得了参数Ω表征的最优活塞轨迹.以此轨迹作为进一步优化的初始条件,基于遗传算法,以指示热效率为优化目标,对活塞轨迹进行了全局寻优设计.研究结果表明:活塞运动轨迹的变化会影响氨的均质压燃过程.经过寻优设计得出的最优轨迹相较于传统内燃机能够提升3.35%的指示热效率,并减小了42.93%的着火延迟时间.

Piston-Cylinder高温高压实验装置及在壳幔动力学研究中的应用

介绍了目前在国际壳幔作用及动力学研究中普遍使用的Piston-Cylinder高温高压实验技术的主要工作原理、结构、样品装置设计及主要技术指标。通过分析Piston-Cylinder高温高压实验技术在大洋和大陆板块俯冲深部过程的流体活动、基性岩石部分熔融作用、岩浆活动机制及约束条件等壳幔相互作用研究中的应用实例,认为引进该项实验技术对于我国科技工作者开展高温高压条件下壳幔动力学研究以及缩短我国实验岩石学技术手段与国际间的差距具有重要意义。

轴向柱塞泵表面织构滑靴副润滑特性研究

针对轴向柱塞泵滑靴副的润滑特性问题,在滑靴表面布置微织构,设计正交试验方案,仿真研究了滑靴副的工况参数(膜厚、转速)、表面织构的形状参数(坑形、直径、深径比)及面积率对滑靴副表面承载力的影响,结果表明,多影响因素的主次顺序为:转速、面积率、坑形、直径、深径比、膜厚;多因素的最优组合为:转速1500 r/min、面积率20%、圆球形、直径500μm、深径比0.4、膜厚20μm;根据压力、速度云图,分析了微织构表面的流体动压润滑效应及提升表面承载力的机理。在最优组合的基础上,分析了单因素变化对承载力的影响。

活塞销摩擦副刚度匹配

以某型船用大功率柴油机的全浮式活塞销为研究对象,建立多柔体动力学与热弹性流体动力润滑耦合模型。在推进特性不同的工况下,通过改变活塞销内径及活塞销座刚度,分析结构局部刚度对润滑特性的影响规律。结果表明:活塞销座摩擦副最小油膜厚度和完全润滑状态时间占比随活塞销座刚度的增大呈上升趋势,进而改善了整体润滑性能。

船用双燃料机活塞环磨损问题分析及解决方案

针对某大型船用低速双燃料机活塞环顶环搭接口与缸套接触面出现严重的摩擦磨损问题,利用热固耦合、混合润滑和动力学方法从热膨胀、界面润滑以及干摩擦等3个方面探究原始设计参数存在的主要问题,并提出结构改进方案。结果表明:在不降低太多密封性的前提下,减小活塞环背厚度至22~24 mm时更为合适。这种设计方案相对于原始设计方案,微凸体接触力可降低15%~29%,摩擦力可降低4.0%~8.5%。

径向柱塞马达受力分析与试验研究

锚杆支护水平制约着巷道掘进速度和安全性。钻架是用于锚杆支护的核心部件,锚护动作是由安装在钻架上的钻箱和锚箱来完成的。要达到井下使用要求,马达性能的好坏对于钻箱和锚箱的影响很大。锚杆支护工况需要钻箱具有低速运转平稳、传递扭矩大等特点,基于实际使用需求对马达做重点研究。重点对径向柱塞马达进行受力分析,推导了马达各个性能参数,并进行了仿真分析。最后对钻箱马达进行性能测试,评价在不同转速的情况下马达所能达到的扭矩和流量。

Investigation on the Radial Micro-motion about Piston of Axial Piston Pump

The limit working parameters and service life of axial piston pump are determined by the carrying ability and lubrication characteristic of its key friction pairs. Therefore, the design and optimization of the key friction pairs are always a key and difficult problem in the research on axial piston pump. In the traditional research on piston/cylinder pair, the assembly relationship of piston and cylinder bore is simplified into ideal cylindrical pair, which can not be used to analyze the influences of radial micro-motion of piston on the distribution characteristics of oil-film thickness and pressure in details. In this paper, based on the lubrication theory of the oil film, a numerical simulation model is built, taking the influences of roughness, elastic deformation of piston and pressure-viscosity effect into consideration. With the simulation model, the dynamic characteristics of the radial micro-motion and pressure distribution are analyzed, and the relationships between radial micro-motion and carrying ability, lubrication condition, and abrasion are discussed. Furthermore, a model pump for pressure distribution measurement of oil film between piston and cylinder bore is designed. The comparison of simulation and experimental results of pressure distribution shows that the simulation model has high accuracy. The experiment and simulation results demonstrate that the pressure distribution has peak values that are much higher than the boundary pressure in the piston chamber due to the radial micro-motion, and the abrasion of piston takes place mainly on the hand close to piston ball. In addition, improvement of manufacturing roundness and straightness of piston and cylinder bore is helpful to improve the carrying ability of piston/cylinder pair. The proposed research provides references for designing piston/cylinder pair, and helps to prolong the service life of axial piston pump.

Thermal-hydraulic Modeling and Simulation of Piston Pump

This paper presents a kind of modeling approach to the study of the thermal-hydraulic piston pump which is used in the airplane comprehensively. A set of lumped parameter mathematical models are developed which are based on conservation of energy. Heat transfer analysis for the piston pump is also given in the paper in which the heat flow inside the piston pump is described precisely. The theoretical basis and modeling stratagy are applied in a typical thermal-hydraulic circuit containing the piston pump. Simulation results are presented which show a comparison of model/rig performance and the agreement obtained demonstrates the validity of the modeling approach.

Modeling and Simulation on Axial Piston Pump Based on Virtual Prototype Technology

A particular emphasis is placed on the virtual prototype technology （VPT） of axial piston pump. With this technology it is convenient and flexible to build a complicated 3D virtual based on real physical model. The actual kinematics pairs of the parts were added on the model. The fluid characters were calculated by hydraulic software. The shape of the parts, the flexible body of parts, etc were improved in this prototype. So the virtual prototype of piston pump can work in computer like a real piston pump, and the flow ripple, pressure pulsation, motion principle, stress of parts, etc can be investigated. The development of the VPT is introduced at the beginning, and the modeling process of the virtual prototype is explained. Then a special emphasis is laid on the relationship between the dynamics model and the hydraulic model, and the simulations on the flow ripple, pressure pulsation, motion principle, the stress and strain distribution of the middle shaft and piston are operated. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the VPT are discussed. The improved virtual prototype of piston pump more tally with the real situation and the VPT has a great potential in simulation on hydraulic components.

Pre-Compression Volume on Flow Ripple Reduction of a Piston Pump

Axial piston pump with pre-compression volume（PCV） has lower flow ripple in large scale of operating condition than the traditional one. However, there is lack of precise simulation model of the axial piston pump with PCV, so the parameters of PCV are difticult to be determined. A finite element simulation model for piston pump with PCV is built by considering the piston movement, the fluid characteristic（including fluid compressibility and viscosity） and the leakage flow rate. Then a test of the pump flow ripple called the secondary source method is implemented to validate the simulation model. Thirdly, by comparing results among the simulation results, test results and results from other publications at the same operating condition, the simulation model is validated and used in optimizing the axial piston pump with PCV. According to the pump flow ripples obtained by the simulation model with different PCV parameters, the flow ripple is the smallest when the PCV angle is 13~, the PCV volume is 1.3 ~ I0-4 m3 at such operating condition that the pump suction pressure is 2 MPa, the pump delivery pressure 15 MPa, the pump speed 1 000 r/min, the swash plate angle 13~. At the same time, the flow ripple can be reduced when the pump suction pressure is 2 MPa, the pump delivery pressure is 5 MPa,15 MPa, 22 MPa, pump speed is 400 r/min, 1 000 r/rain, 1 500 r/rain, the swash plate angle is ll~, 13~, 15~ and 17~, respectively. The finite element simulation model proposed provides a method for optimizing the PCV structure and guiding for designing a quieter axial piston pump.

Flow Ripple of Axial Piston Pump with Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation Using Compressible Hydraulic Oil

The flow ripple, which is the source of noise in an axial piston pump, is widely studied today with the computational fluid dynamic（CFD） technology development. In the traditional CFD modeling, the fluid compressibility, which strongly influences the accuracy of the flow ripple simulation results, is often neglected. So a compressible sub-model was added with user defined function（UDF） in the CFD model to predict the flow ripple. At the same time, a test rig of flow ripple was built to study the validity of simulation. The flow ripple of pump was tested with different working parameters, including the rotation speed and the working pressure. The comparisons with experimental results show that the validity of the CFD model with compressible hydraulic oil is acceptable in analyzing the flow tipple characteristics. In this paper, the improved CFD model increases the accuracy of flow ripple rate to about one-magnitude order. Therefore, the compressible model of hydraulic oil is necessary in the flow ripple investigation of CFD simulation. The compressibility of hydraulic oil has significant effect on flow ripple, and the compression ripple takes about 88% of the total flow ripple of pump. Leakage ripple has the lowest proportion of about 4%, and geometrical ripple leakage ripple takes the remnant 8%. Besides, the influence of working parameters was investigated through the CFD simulations and experimental measurements. Comparison results show that the amplitude of flow ripple grows with the increasing of rotation speed and working pressure, and the flow ripple rate is independent of the rotation speed. However, flow ripple rate of piston pump grows with the increasing of working pressure, because the leakage ripple will increase with the pressure growing. The investigation on flow ripple of an axial piston pump using compressible hydraulic oil provides a more validity simulation model for the CFD analyzing and is beneficial to further understanding of the flow ripple characteristics in an axial piston pump.

Pressure Tight Piston Corer—A New Approach on Gas Hydrate Investigation

A pressure tight sediment sampling technology, which can be introduced into the modification of the piston corer to accommodate the investigation of gas hydrate, is put forward. In this paper, the three basic rules of the technology are analyzed in detail: specimen transferring rule, seal self-tightening rule and semi-active pressure holding rule. Based on these, the structure of the pressure tight piston corer is put forward and its working principle is analyzed. Finally, a pressure tight sediment sampler, to which the same technology is applied, is researched through experiments. Results show that the sampler based on the above-mentioned theory has a good ability in sampling and in -situ pressure holding.