Laser tracers are a three-dimensional coordinate measurement system that are widely used in industrial measurement.We propose a geometric error identification method based on multi-station synchronization laser tracer...Laser tracers are a three-dimensional coordinate measurement system that are widely used in industrial measurement.We propose a geometric error identification method based on multi-station synchronization laser tracers to enable the rapid and high-precision measurement of geometric errors for gantry-type computer numerical control(CNC)machine tools.This method also improves on the existing measurement efficiency issues in the single-base station measurement method and multi-base station time-sharing measurement method.We consider a three-axis gantry-type CNC machine tool,and the geometric error mathematical model is derived and established based on the combination of screw theory and a topological analysis of the machine kinematic chain.The four-station laser tracers position and measurement points are realized based on the multi-point positioning principle.A self-calibration algorithm is proposed for the coordinate calibration process of a laser tracer using the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least squares method,and the geometric error is solved using Taylor’s first-order linearization iteration.The experimental results show that the geometric error calculated based on this modeling method is comparable to the results from the Etalon laser tracer.For a volume of 800 mm×1000 mm×350 mm,the maximum differences of the linear,angular,and spatial position errors were 2.0μm,2.7μrad,and 12.0μm,respectively,which verifies the accuracy of the proposed algorithm.This research proposes a modeling method for the precise measurement of errors in machine tools,and the applied nature of this study also makes it relevant both to researchers and those in the industrial sector.展开更多
The dimensional accuracy of machined parts is strongly influenced by the thermal behavior of machine tools (MT). Minimizing this influence represents a key objective for any modern manufacturing industry. Thermally in...The dimensional accuracy of machined parts is strongly influenced by the thermal behavior of machine tools (MT). Minimizing this influence represents a key objective for any modern manufacturing industry. Thermally induced positioning error compensation remains the most effective and practical method in this context. However, the efficiency of the compensation process depends on the quality of the model used to predict the thermal errors. The model should consistently reflect the relationships between temperature distribution in the MT structure and thermally induced positioning errors. A judicious choice of the number and location of temperature sensitive points to represent heat distribution is a key factor for robust thermal error modeling. Therefore, in this paper, the temperature sensitive points are selected following a structured thermomechanical analysis carried out to evaluate the effects of various temperature gradients on MT structure deformation intensity. The MT thermal behavior is first modeled using finite element method and validated by various experimentally measured temperature fields using temperature sensors and thermal imaging. MT Thermal behavior validation shows a maximum error of less than 10% when comparing the numerical estimations with the experimental results even under changing operation conditions. The numerical model is used through several series of simulations carried out using varied working condition to explore possible relationships between temperature distribution and thermal deformation characteristics to select the most appropriate temperature sensitive points that will be considered for building an empirical prediction model for thermal errors as function of MT thermal state. Validation tests achieved using an artificial neural network based simplified model confirmed the efficiency of the proposed temperature sensitive points allowing the prediction of the thermally induced errors with an accuracy greater than 90%.展开更多
Al-doped ZnO(AZO) powders were prepared by using metal chloride precursors and the sol-gel technique. IR peaks observed at 1590 cm-1 and 1620 cm-1indicated the formation of metal chelate as a consequence of the additi...Al-doped ZnO(AZO) powders were prepared by using metal chloride precursors and the sol-gel technique. IR peaks observed at 1590 cm-1 and 1620 cm-1indicated the formation of metal chelate as a consequence of the addition of acetylacetone to the metal chloride solution. TG-DSC analysis of the AZO gels confirmed the formation of metal chelate as evidenced by the development of several weight loss peaks accompanied by the introduction of new endothermic peaks. The resulting AZO gels were annealed at 500, 600, and 800 ℃ to study the effect of annealing temperature. XRD and SEM results showed that crystallization of AZO gels takes place around 600 ℃. Hexagonal wurtzite structure was identified as the main phase for all the samples. In addition, small shift of the XRD(002) peak coupled with XPS results from the AZO powders confirmed the successful doping of the ZnO powders. Micron sized rod-like AZO powders were uniform in dimension and morphology and remained stable even at 800 ℃.展开更多
The rod-like assembly from BAB block copolymer with hydrophilic middle block A in aqueous solution was described. The copolymer used is polystyrene (PS)39-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine)(P4VP)98-b-PS39 (the subscripts are the...The rod-like assembly from BAB block copolymer with hydrophilic middle block A in aqueous solution was described. The copolymer used is polystyrene (PS)39-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine)(P4VP)98-b-PS39 (the subscripts are the average polymerization degree of corresponding blocks) triblock copolymer with Mw/Mn = 1.15. The aggregates were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The dependence of rod-like aggregate formation on solvents, pH, and polymer concentrations was investigated. The rod-like aggregates were formed when using dioxane as initial solvent, while spherical micelles were formed using DMF. Elevating pH values from 4 to 5 to 7 and decreasing initial copolymer concentrations from 1.5 wt% to 1.0 wt% to 0.5 wt% were favorable for the formation of well-defined rod-like aggregates. In addition, the bicontinuous rods and lamellae were observed when preparing colloid solutions in appropriate conditions.展开更多
Rod-like single-phase seed crystals of yttrium-α-SiAlONs were synthesized by combustion synthesis method. The XRD patterns, the morphologies of products and formation mechanism were investigated. The SEM observation ...Rod-like single-phase seed crystals of yttrium-α-SiAlONs were synthesized by combustion synthesis method. The XRD patterns, the morphologies of products and formation mechanism were investigated. The SEM observation of crystals exhibits well developed elongated hexagonal crystals with highly agglomerative features, assigned to pure and well-crystallized α-SiAlON. After special chemical treatments and water washing, the powders are well dispersed and still keep elongated hexagonal crystals, and the XRD pattern shows that the rod-like structure is crystalline yttrium-α-SiAlON with only a trace of β-SiAlON.展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China(Grant No.2021JM010)Suzhou Municipal Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.SYG202018,SYG202134).
文摘Laser tracers are a three-dimensional coordinate measurement system that are widely used in industrial measurement.We propose a geometric error identification method based on multi-station synchronization laser tracers to enable the rapid and high-precision measurement of geometric errors for gantry-type computer numerical control(CNC)machine tools.This method also improves on the existing measurement efficiency issues in the single-base station measurement method and multi-base station time-sharing measurement method.We consider a three-axis gantry-type CNC machine tool,and the geometric error mathematical model is derived and established based on the combination of screw theory and a topological analysis of the machine kinematic chain.The four-station laser tracers position and measurement points are realized based on the multi-point positioning principle.A self-calibration algorithm is proposed for the coordinate calibration process of a laser tracer using the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least squares method,and the geometric error is solved using Taylor’s first-order linearization iteration.The experimental results show that the geometric error calculated based on this modeling method is comparable to the results from the Etalon laser tracer.For a volume of 800 mm×1000 mm×350 mm,the maximum differences of the linear,angular,and spatial position errors were 2.0μm,2.7μrad,and 12.0μm,respectively,which verifies the accuracy of the proposed algorithm.This research proposes a modeling method for the precise measurement of errors in machine tools,and the applied nature of this study also makes it relevant both to researchers and those in the industrial sector.
文摘The dimensional accuracy of machined parts is strongly influenced by the thermal behavior of machine tools (MT). Minimizing this influence represents a key objective for any modern manufacturing industry. Thermally induced positioning error compensation remains the most effective and practical method in this context. However, the efficiency of the compensation process depends on the quality of the model used to predict the thermal errors. The model should consistently reflect the relationships between temperature distribution in the MT structure and thermally induced positioning errors. A judicious choice of the number and location of temperature sensitive points to represent heat distribution is a key factor for robust thermal error modeling. Therefore, in this paper, the temperature sensitive points are selected following a structured thermomechanical analysis carried out to evaluate the effects of various temperature gradients on MT structure deformation intensity. The MT thermal behavior is first modeled using finite element method and validated by various experimentally measured temperature fields using temperature sensors and thermal imaging. MT Thermal behavior validation shows a maximum error of less than 10% when comparing the numerical estimations with the experimental results even under changing operation conditions. The numerical model is used through several series of simulations carried out using varied working condition to explore possible relationships between temperature distribution and thermal deformation characteristics to select the most appropriate temperature sensitive points that will be considered for building an empirical prediction model for thermal errors as function of MT thermal state. Validation tests achieved using an artificial neural network based simplified model confirmed the efficiency of the proposed temperature sensitive points allowing the prediction of the thermally induced errors with an accuracy greater than 90%.
基金Funded by the Project of Instituto Politecnico Nacional(SIPIPN-20182176)
文摘Al-doped ZnO(AZO) powders were prepared by using metal chloride precursors and the sol-gel technique. IR peaks observed at 1590 cm-1 and 1620 cm-1indicated the formation of metal chelate as a consequence of the addition of acetylacetone to the metal chloride solution. TG-DSC analysis of the AZO gels confirmed the formation of metal chelate as evidenced by the development of several weight loss peaks accompanied by the introduction of new endothermic peaks. The resulting AZO gels were annealed at 500, 600, and 800 ℃ to study the effect of annealing temperature. XRD and SEM results showed that crystallization of AZO gels takes place around 600 ℃. Hexagonal wurtzite structure was identified as the main phase for all the samples. In addition, small shift of the XRD(002) peak coupled with XPS results from the AZO powders confirmed the successful doping of the ZnO powders. Micron sized rod-like AZO powders were uniform in dimension and morphology and remained stable even at 800 ℃.
文摘The rod-like assembly from BAB block copolymer with hydrophilic middle block A in aqueous solution was described. The copolymer used is polystyrene (PS)39-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine)(P4VP)98-b-PS39 (the subscripts are the average polymerization degree of corresponding blocks) triblock copolymer with Mw/Mn = 1.15. The aggregates were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The dependence of rod-like aggregate formation on solvents, pH, and polymer concentrations was investigated. The rod-like aggregates were formed when using dioxane as initial solvent, while spherical micelles were formed using DMF. Elevating pH values from 4 to 5 to 7 and decreasing initial copolymer concentrations from 1.5 wt% to 1.0 wt% to 0.5 wt% were favorable for the formation of well-defined rod-like aggregates. In addition, the bicontinuous rods and lamellae were observed when preparing colloid solutions in appropriate conditions.
文摘Rod-like single-phase seed crystals of yttrium-α-SiAlONs were synthesized by combustion synthesis method. The XRD patterns, the morphologies of products and formation mechanism were investigated. The SEM observation of crystals exhibits well developed elongated hexagonal crystals with highly agglomerative features, assigned to pure and well-crystallized α-SiAlON. After special chemical treatments and water washing, the powders are well dispersed and still keep elongated hexagonal crystals, and the XRD pattern shows that the rod-like structure is crystalline yttrium-α-SiAlON with only a trace of β-SiAlON.
