期刊文献+
共找到64篇文章
< 1 2 4 >
每页显示 20 50 100
Application of a new feature extraction and optimization method to surface defect recognition of cold rolled strips 被引量:6
1
作者 Guifang Wu Ke Xu Jinwu Xu 《Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing》 CSCD 2007年第5期437-442,共6页
Considering that the surface defects of cold rolled strips are hard to be recognized by human eyes under high-speed circumstances, an automatic recognition technique was discussed. Spectrum images of defects can be go... Considering that the surface defects of cold rolled strips are hard to be recognized by human eyes under high-speed circumstances, an automatic recognition technique was discussed. Spectrum images of defects can be got by fast Fourier transform (FFF) and sum of valid pixels (SVP), and its optimized center region, which concentrates nearly all energies, are extracted as an original feature set. Using genetic algorithm to optimize the feature set, an optimized feature set with 51 features can be achieved. Using the optimized feature set as an input vector of neural networks, the recognition effects of LVQ neural networks have been studied. Experiment results show that the new method can get a higher classification rate and can settle the automatic recognition problem of surface defects on cold rolled strips ideally. 展开更多
关键词 cold rolled strip surface defect neural networks fast Fourier transform (FFT) feature extraction and optimization genetic algorithm feature set
下载PDF
Online application of automatic surface quality inspection system to finishing line of cold rolled strips 被引量:4
2
作者 Hao Sun, Ke Xu, and Jinwu XuNational Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rolling, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 《Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing》 CSCD 2003年第4期38-41,共4页
An automatic surface quality inspection system installed on a finishing lineof cold rolled strips is introduced. The system is able to detect surface defects on cold rolledstrips, such as scratches, coil breaks, rusts... An automatic surface quality inspection system installed on a finishing lineof cold rolled strips is introduced. The system is able to detect surface defects on cold rolledstrips, such as scratches, coil breaks, rusts, roll imprints, and so on. Multiple CCD area scancameras were equipped to capture images of strip surface simultaneously. Defects were detectedthrough 'Dark-field illumination' which is generated by LED illuminators. Parallel computationtechnique and fast processing algorithms were developed for real-time data processing. Theapplication to the production line shows that the system is able to detect defects effectively. 展开更多
关键词 surface inspection cold rolled strip finishing line CCD cameras IMAGEPROCESSING
下载PDF
Surface Inspection System for Cold Rolled Strips Based on Image ProcessingTechnique 被引量:2
3
作者 Ke Xu1 Jinwu Xu2 Shouli Lu1(l Material Science and Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China2 Mechanical Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beding, Beliing 100083, China) 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1999年第4期296-298,共3页
A new surface inspection system for cold rolled strips based on image processing is introduced. The system is equipped withtwo different illumination structures and CCD matrix cameras. The structure and image processi... A new surface inspection system for cold rolled strips based on image processing is introduced. The system is equipped withtwo different illumination structures and CCD matrix cameras. The structure and image processing of the inspection system are described. Some efficient algorithms for image processing and classification are presented. The system is tested with strip samples fromcold rolling plants. The results show that the system can detect and recognize six common defects of cold rolled strips successfully. 展开更多
关键词 surface inspection system cold rolled strip image processing
下载PDF
Fatigue Property of Hot Rolled and Cold Rolled Strips 被引量:1
4
作者 LI Sheng-li LI Na +2 位作者 PENG Xing-dong LU Xiang-yu LI Ji-guang 《Journal of Iron and Steel Research International》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2013年第2期48-51,共4页
Tension-tension fatigue properties of hot rolled and cold rolled strips with same contents and sizes were measured by using group test method at room temperature in air. The results showed that the fatigue properties ... Tension-tension fatigue properties of hot rolled and cold rolled strips with same contents and sizes were measured by using group test method at room temperature in air. The results showed that the fatigue properties of the hot rolled strips were obviously higher than those of the cold rolled strips. The hot rolled strips with similar or higher tensile strength exhibited superior fatigue property over the cold rolled strips. Fracture morphologies observed using scanning electronic microscope (SEM) showed that the hot rolled strips exhibited larger fracture areas, indicating a slightly lower plasticity, and more even fracture microstructure and stable properties. It is feasible and reliable to replace cold rolled strips with hot rolled strips. 展开更多
关键词 hot rolled strip cold roiled strip fatigue property replacement of cold rolled strip
原文传递
Influence of oxide scales on the corrosion behaviors of B510L hot-rolled steel strips 被引量:3
5
作者 Cheng Man Chao-fang Dong +3 位作者 Hui-bin Xue Kui Xiao Xiao-gang Li Hui-bin Qi 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第7期769-778,共10页
The influence of oxide scales on the corrosion behaviors of B510 L hot-rolled steel strips was investigated in this study. Focused ion beams and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the morphologies of ox... The influence of oxide scales on the corrosion behaviors of B510 L hot-rolled steel strips was investigated in this study. Focused ion beams and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the morphologies of oxide scales on the surface and cross sections of the hot-rolled steel. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used for the phase analysis of the oxide scales and corrosion products. The corrosion potential and impedance were measured by anodic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. According to the results, oxide scales on the hot-rolled strips mainly comprise iron and iron oxides. The correlation between mass gain and test time follows a power exponential rule in the damp-heat test. The corrosion products are found to be mainly composed of γ-Fe OOH, Fe3O4, ?-Fe OOH, and γ-Fe2O3. The contents of the corrosion products are different on the surfaces of the steels with and without oxide scales. The steel with oxide scales is found to show a higher corrosion resistance and lower corrosion rate. 展开更多
关键词 strip steel hot rolling focused ion beams Raman spectroscopy oxide scale corrosion
下载PDF
Self-Learning and Its Application to Laminar Cooling Model of Hot Rolled Strip 被引量:16
6
作者 GONG Dian-yao XU Jian-zhong PENG Liang-gui WANG Guo-dong LIU Xiang-hua 《Journal of Iron and Steel Research International》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2007年第4期11-14,共4页
The mathematical model for online controlling hot rolled steel cooling on run-out table (ROT for abbreviation) was analyzed, and water cooling is found to be the main cooling mode for hot rolled steel. The calculati... The mathematical model for online controlling hot rolled steel cooling on run-out table (ROT for abbreviation) was analyzed, and water cooling is found to be the main cooling mode for hot rolled steel. The calculation of the drop in strip temperature by both water cooling and air cooling is summed up to obtain the change of heat transfer coefficient. It is found that the learning coefficient of heat transfer coefficient is the kernel coefficient of coiler temperature control (CTC) model tuning. To decrease the deviation between the calculated steel temperature and the measured one at coiler entrance, a laminar cooling control self-learning strategy is used. Using the data acquired in the field, the results of the self-learning model used in the field were analyzed. The analyzed results show that the self-learning function is effective. 展开更多
关键词 laminar cooling hot rolled strip SELF-LEARNING process control model
下载PDF
Application of automatic surface inspection system in cold-rolled strip production 被引量:2
7
作者 HE Jianfeng SU Yuan +2 位作者 XIE Xianlong CAI Heng HE Chunlai 《Baosteel Technical Research》 CAS 2015年第1期18-23,共6页
The detection and classification of real-time surface defects play an important role in automotive sheet inspection and production. In this paper, an automatic surface inspection system (ASIS) based on signal proces... The detection and classification of real-time surface defects play an important role in automotive sheet inspection and production. In this paper, an automatic surface inspection system (ASIS) based on signal processing in Baosteel NO. 4 cold-rolled plant is briefly presented. We demonstrate that the strip surface defect properties such as image, type, pitch, and position can be accurately calculated and classified by the automatic surface inspection system. In the manufacturing of the high-quality cold-rolled strips, it is necessary that the real-time surface defects can be detected and transferred by the automatic surface inspection system combined with annealing lines and recoiling lines. 展开更多
关键词 cold rolled strip surface defect surface inspection
下载PDF
Microstructure and Eutectic Carbide Morphology of the High Speed Steel Strips Produced by Twin Roll Strip Casting Process
8
作者 Hongshuang DI, Xiaoming ZHANG, Guodong WANG and Xianghua LIUState Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China 《Journal of Materials Science & Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2003年第5期472-474,共3页
The M2 high-speed steel strip was produced by using the laboratory scale twin roll strip caster. The microstructure and eutectic carbide morphology of thus produced products were observed and analyzed, and the compari... The M2 high-speed steel strip was produced by using the laboratory scale twin roll strip caster. The microstructure and eutectic carbide morphology of thus produced products were observed and analyzed, and the comparison of those with conventional products was carried out. The effects of the processing parameters such as the melting temperature, the pouring temperature, rolling speed and separating force on the microstructure and eutectic carbide morphology and their distribution were analyzed. The spheroidizing process of the strips in the annealing process was investigated. The relations between the growth and spheroidizing of the eutectic carbide and the annealing technology were obtained, and the mechanism of the twin roll strip casting process improving the eutectic carbide spheroidizing was discussed. The theoretical instruction for determining the subsequent treatment process was provided. 展开更多
关键词 Twin roll strip casting High speed steel Eutectic carbide MICROSTRUCTURE
下载PDF
Applied principle of minimum potential energy in analyzing buckle phenomenon of cold rolled strip
9
作者 Yang Guanghui Zhang Jie Yan Qintai 《Computer Aided Drafting,Design and Manufacturing》 2016年第3期33-38,共6页
When solving buckling type based on minimum potential energy, it is first to make hypothesis for strip buckling type. Under the simple strain condition, buckling type and strain distribution have a certain similarity,... When solving buckling type based on minimum potential energy, it is first to make hypothesis for strip buckling type. Under the simple strain condition, buckling type and strain distribution have a certain similarity, so the hypothesis is reasonable comparatively. However, under the complicated strain condition, it is difficult to give more reasonable buckling type. Moreover, the existing algorithms usually ignore the effect which the transverse stress and the shear stress have on the buckling type. After assuming strip was only affected by shear stress for the edge wave and affected by both transverse stress and the shear stress for the center wave in the paper, the buckling form of strip under simple strain situation was calculated. It was seen from the calculating result that wave height and half wavelength were smaller than those of the existing algorithms, and the wave height and half wavelength of edge wave were all bigger than those of center wave in the same stress distribution. Secondly, a more reasonable hypothesis method of buckling type for the complicated stress distribution was put forward. After analyzing, the result showed that it was more reasonable by using the optimizing algorithm. 展开更多
关键词 cold rolled strip BUCKLE minimum potential energy
下载PDF
Intelligent representation method of image flatness for cold rolled strip
10
作者 Yang-huan Xu Dong-cheng Wang +1 位作者 Hong-min Liu Bo-wei Duan 《Journal of Iron and Steel Research International》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第5期1177-1195,共19页
Real flatness images are the bases for flatness detection based on machine vision of cold rolled strip.The characteristics of a real flatness image are analyzed,and a lightweight strip location detection(SLD)model wit... Real flatness images are the bases for flatness detection based on machine vision of cold rolled strip.The characteristics of a real flatness image are analyzed,and a lightweight strip location detection(SLD)model with deep semantic segmentation networks is established.The interference areas in the real flatness image can be eliminated by the SLD model,and valid information can be retained.On this basis,the concept of image flatness is proposed for the first time.An image flatness representation(IFAR)model is established on the basis of an autoencoder with a new structure.The optimal structure of the bottleneck layer is 16×16×4,and the IFAR model exhibits a good representation effect.Moreover,interpretability analysis of the representation factors is carried out,and the difference and physical meaning of the representation factors for image flatness with different categories are analyzed.Image flatness with new defect morphologies(bilateral quarter waves and large middle waves)that are not present in the original dataset are generated by modifying the representation factors of the no wave image.Lastly,the SLD and IFAR models are used to detect and represent all the real flatness images on the test set.The average processing time for a single image is 11.42 ms,which is suitable for industrial applications.The research results provide effective methods and ideas for intelligent flatness detection technology based on machine vision. 展开更多
关键词 Cold rolled strip Image flatness Location detection Representation learning Bottleneck layer
原文传递
Research and Development Trend of Shape Control for Cold Rolling Strip 被引量:22
11
作者 Dong-Cheng Wang Hong-Min Liu Jun Liu 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第5期1248-1261,共14页
Shape is an important quality index of cold rolling strip. Up to now, many problems in the shape control domain have not been solved satisfactorily, and a review on the research progress in the shape control domain ca... Shape is an important quality index of cold rolling strip. Up to now, many problems in the shape control domain have not been solved satisfactorily, and a review on the research progress in the shape control domain can help to seek new breakthrough directions. In the past 10 years, researches and applications of shape control models, shape control means, shape detection technology, and shape con- trol system have achieved significant progress. In the aspect of shape control models, the researches in the past improve the accuracy, speed and robustness of the models. The intelligentization of shape control models should be strengthened in the future. In the aspect of the shape control means, the researches in the past focus on the roll opti- mization, mill type selection, process optimization, local strip shape control, edge drop control, and so on. In the future, more attention should be paid to the coordination control of both strip shape and other quality indexes, and the refinement of control objective should be strengthened. In the aspects of shape detection technology and shape control system, some new types of shape detection meters and shape control systems are developed and have successfully indus- trial applications. In the future, the standardization of shape detection technology and shape control system should be promoted to solve the problem of compatibility. In general,the four expected development trends of shape control for cold roiling strip in the future are intelligentization, coordi- nation, refinement, and standardization. The proposed research provides new breakthrough directions for improv- ing shape quality. 展开更多
关键词 Cold rolling strip - Shape control Development trend Theory models Shape detectionControl system
下载PDF
Opti mization and Model of Laminar Cooling Control Systemfor Hot Strip Mills 被引量:22
12
作者 XIE Hai-bo LIU Xiang-hua +1 位作者 WANG Guo-dong ZHANG Zhong-ping 《Journal of Iron and Steel Research International》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2006年第1期18-22,共5页
The structure of laminar cooling control system for hot rolling was introduced and the control mode, cooling strategy, segment tracking and model recalculation were analyzed. The parameters of air/water cooling models... The structure of laminar cooling control system for hot rolling was introduced and the control mode, cooling strategy, segment tracking and model recalculation were analyzed. The parameters of air/water cooling models were optimized by regressing the data gathering in situ, and satisfactory effect was obtained. The coiling temperature can be controlled within ±15℃. 展开更多
关键词 hot rolled strip laminar cooling control system model parameter optimization
下载PDF
Comprehensive contour prediction model of work rolls in hot wide strip mill 被引量:8
13
作者 Xiaodong Wang Quan Yang Anrui He Renzhong Wang 《Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing》 CSCD 2007年第3期240-245,共6页
The predictive calculation of comprehensive contour of work rolls in the on-line strip shape control model during hot rolling consists of two important parts of wear contour calculation and thermal contour calculation... The predictive calculation of comprehensive contour of work rolls in the on-line strip shape control model during hot rolling consists of two important parts of wear contour calculation and thermal contour calculation, which have a direct influence on the ac- curacy of shape control. A statistical wear model and a finite difference thermal contour model of work rolls were described. The comprehensive contour is the equivalence treatment of the sum of grinding, wear, and thermal contours. This comprehensive contour calculation model has been applied successfully in the real on-line strip shape control model. Its high precision has been proved through the large amounts of actual roll profile measurements and theoretical analyses. The hit rates (percent of shape index satisfying re- quirement) of crown and head flatness of the strips rolled, by using the shape control model, which includes the comprehensive contour calculation model, have about 16% and 10% increase respectively, compared to those of strips rolled by using manual operation. 展开更多
关键词 hot rolled strip strip shape control comprehensive contour wear contour thermal contour
下载PDF
Industrial shape detecting system of cold rolling strip 被引量:9
14
作者 杨利坡 于丙强 +1 位作者 丁栋 刘宏民 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2012年第4期994-1001,共8页
A high-precision shape detecting system of cold rolling strip is developed to meet industrial application, which mainly consists of the shape detecting roller, the collecting ring, the digital signal processing (DSP... A high-precision shape detecting system of cold rolling strip is developed to meet industrial application, which mainly consists of the shape detecting roller, the collecting ring, the digital signal processing (DSP) shape signal processing board and the shape control model. Based on the shape detecting principle, the shape detecting roller is designed with a new integral structure for improving the precision of shape detecting and avoiding scratching strip surface. Based on the DSP technology, the DSP shape signal processing circuit board is designed and embedded in the shape detecting system for the reliability and stability of shape signal processing. The shape detecting system was successfully used in Angang 1 250 mm HC 6-high reversible cold rolling mill. The precision of shape detecting is 0.2 I and the shape deviation is controlled within 6 1 after the close loop shape control is input. 展开更多
关键词 shape detecting digital signal processing (DSP) shape signal processing close loop shape control cold rolling strip
下载PDF
Control and application of cooling path after rolling for hot strip based on ultra fast cooling 被引量:4
15
作者 袁国 李振垒 +2 位作者 李海军 王昭东 王国栋 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2013年第7期1805-1811,共7页
Hot rolled strip requires diverse and flexible control of cooling path in order to take full advantages of strengthening mechanisms such as fine grain strengthening, precipitation strengthening, and transformation str... Hot rolled strip requires diverse and flexible control of cooling path in order to take full advantages of strengthening mechanisms such as fine grain strengthening, precipitation strengthening, and transformation strengthening, adapting to the development of advanced steel materials and the requirement of reduction-manufacturing. Ultra fast cooling can achieve a great range of cooling rate, which provides the means that the hardened austenite obtained in high temperature region can keep at different dynamic transformation temperatures. Meanwhile, through the rational allocation of the UFC (ultra fast cooling) and LFC (laminar flow cooling), more flexible cooling path control and cooling strategy of hot rolled strip are obtained. Temperature distribution and control strategies under different cooling paths based on UFC are investigated. The process control temperature can be limited within 18 ℃, and the mechanical properties of the steels get a great leap forward due to the cooling paths and strategies, which can decrease costs and create great economic benefits for the iron and steel enterprises. 展开更多
关键词 hot rolled strip ultra fast cooling temperature field distribution cooling path cooling strategy
下载PDF
THE MICROSTRUCTURAL BANDING IN THE CENTER OF HOT ROLLLNG STRIP 被引量:4
16
作者 C.L. Mo Y. T. Zhang +1 位作者 D.Z. Li Y. Y. Li 《Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2005年第5期664-668,共5页
The microstructural banding in steels is often found in hot rolling strips, which plays a very important role in mechanical properties. Much work has been done to investigate how the microstructural banding is formed ... The microstructural banding in steels is often found in hot rolling strips, which plays a very important role in mechanical properties. Much work has been done to investigate how the microstructural banding is formed during hot rolling. In the present study, the microstructure of hot rolling strips was examined in term of optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electron probe microanalysis was also used to decide the distribution of microchemical bands, by this means, the phases in these strips were found to be ferrite and pearlite. The average distance between the carbon lamellas in pearlite is about 0.06-0.1μm. It is also shown that microstructural banding in hot rolled carbon steel was closely related to the segregation of manganese and silicon into those bands. Based on the transformation kinetic, the simulated results pointed out that the thermodynamic stability of austenite would increase with the increasing of Mn, which led to a decrease of ferrite growth rate. The effect of Mn on the decomposition of austenite is attributed to segregation of Mn atoms along the ferrite/austenite phase boundary which causes a strong solute drag effect. The addition of Mn to steel decreases the activity of austenite, thereby it is beneficial to the formation of non-equilibrium phase, such as degenerate pearlite. The formation of banded structure on the hot rolled process was discussed. 展开更多
关键词 PEARLITE FERRITE microstructural banding hot rolling strip
下载PDF
Re-reddening on Strip Surface After Water Cooling 被引量:3
17
作者 ZHI Ying LIU Xiang-hua WANG Guo-dong 《Journal of Iron and Steel Research International》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2007年第3期26-29,55,共5页
After water cooling, there is a big temperature difference between the center and the surface of strip, which leads to the heat transfer from the center to the surface, and the surface temperature can rise in a short ... After water cooling, there is a big temperature difference between the center and the surface of strip, which leads to the heat transfer from the center to the surface, and the surface temperature can rise in a short time. The finite element method was used to simulate the phenomena of re-reddening on the surface of strip and to analyze the temperature field of hot roiled strip during laminar cooling, and the periodical variation curve of the cooling rate was obtained during water cooling and subsequent re-reddening. The results show that the critical line of the cooling rate is at 1/3 of the half-thickness from the strip surface. The regression model of the relation of rereddening temperature, time, and distance from the surface was obtained in the re-reddening region. Re-reddening regularity on the surface of strip under the condition of different thickness and cooling rate was also studied. 展开更多
关键词 temperature field re-reddening laminar cooling cooling rate hot rolled strip finite element method
下载PDF
Elastoplastic 3D Deformation and Stress Analysis of Strip Rolling 被引量:5
18
作者 Liu Yuli Jin Xiaoguang Lian Jiachuang 《Journal of Iron and Steel Research International》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1998年第2期30-33,共6页
An elastoplastic method for analyzing the 3D deformation, stress and transverse distribution of tension stress during cold strip rolling is developed. The analysis is based on the elastoplastic variational principle i... An elastoplastic method for analyzing the 3D deformation, stress and transverse distribution of tension stress during cold strip rolling is developed. The analysis is based on the elastoplastic variational principle in which a kinematically admissible velocity field is constructed with the lateral flow function as an unknown function. The stress distribution and volume strain distribution are obtained by solving the simultaneous equations formed by the longitudinal differential equation of equilibrium and constitutive equations. The lateral flow function is determined by minimizing the total energy dissipation rate. Experimental investigation was carried out on a reversible cold mill. The front tension stress distributions in cold rolled strips were measured by a multi roll segmented tension sensing shapemeter. The calculated results are in good agreement with the measured ones. 展开更多
关键词 strip rolling 3D deformation and stress elastoplastic analysis variational principle
下载PDF
Analysis of the thermal profile of work rolls in the hot strip rolling process 被引量:7
19
作者 XuanliZhang JieZhang +2 位作者 XiaoyanLi HaixiaLi GangchengWei 《Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing》 CSCD 2004年第2期173-177,共5页
A 2-dimension axisymmetric model was developed by the finite-differencemethod, which can be used to predict the transient temperature field and thermal profile of workrolls in the hot strip rolling process. To demonst... A 2-dimension axisymmetric model was developed by the finite-differencemethod, which can be used to predict the transient temperature field and thermal profile of workrolls in the hot strip rolling process. To demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the solutiondeveloped, the calculation results were compared with the production data of a 1700 mm hot striprolling mill and good agreement was found between them. The effect of strip width and roll shiftingon the thermal expansion of the work rolls was studied. It is found that the strip width has markedeffect on the efficient thermal crown. Initially, when the rolling strip changes from narrow towide, a bigger efficient thermal crown can be quickly achieved; afterwards, when the rolling stripchanges from wide to narrow, not only the influence of uneven wear can be reduced but also theexcessive efficient thermal crown can be avoided. It is also found that the work roll shifting has adeterminate but not obvious effect on the reduction of the efficient thermal crown, and will makethe strip shape unstable without being used properly. 展开更多
关键词 hot strip rolling temperature field thermal crown finite-difference method
下载PDF
Delayed Fracture Behavior of CrMo Type High Strength Steel Containing Vanadium 被引量:5
20
作者 HUIWei-jun DONGHan WENGYu-qing 《Journal of Iron and Steel Research International》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2003年第4期63-67,共5页
The netlike eutectic carbide in twin roll casting strip of W9Cr4V2 was dissolved and broken up gradually with increasing heating temperature during annealing treatment. Almost all eutectic carbides exist in granular ... The netlike eutectic carbide in twin roll casting strip of W9Cr4V2 was dissolved and broken up gradually with increasing heating temperature during annealing treatment. Almost all eutectic carbides exist in granular form with heating temperature up to 950 ℃. It is considered that the refining of lamellar spacing made it possible for eutectic carbide to be granulated. 展开更多
关键词 annealing treatment heating temperature eutectic carbide twin roll casting strip
下载PDF
上一页 1 2 4 下一页 到第
使用帮助 返回顶部