Novel Surface Design of Deployable Reflector Antenna Based on Polar Scissor Structures

Space-deployable mechanisms can be used as supporting structures for large-diameter antennas in space engineering.This study proposes a novel method for constructing the surface design of space reflector antennas based on polar scissor units.The concurrency and deployability equations of the space scissor unit with definite surface constraints are derived using the rod and vector methods.Constraint equations of the spatial transformation for space n-edge polar scissor units are summarized.A new closed-loop deployable structure,called the polar scissor deployable antenna(PSDA),is designed by combining planar polar scissor units with spatial polar scissor units.The overconstrained problem is solved by releasing the curve constraint that locates at the end-point of the planar scissor mechanism.Kinematics simulation and error analysis are performed.The results show that the PSDA can effectively fit the paraboloid of revolution.Finally,deployment experiments verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed design method,which provides a new idea for the construction of large space-reflector antennas.

增厚DBR型894 nm窄线宽VCSEL

垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)是芯片级原子钟(CSAC)的主流光源,其光束质量会影响CSAC的各项性能。扩展VCSEL内部有效腔长能够以压缩冷腔线宽的方式压窄器件最终辐射激光的线宽,从而可以减小CSAC短时间内的计时频率噪声。根据所计算的VCSEL表面反射谱,将VCSEL中4层下分布式布拉格反射镜(DBR)的厚度由常规的四分之一波长增加至404 nm,压缩了VCSEL冷腔线宽,并生长了对应的外延结构,制备了通过增厚DBR扩展有效腔长的894 nm窄线宽VCSEL。测试结果表明,研制的VCSEL在90℃下波长为893.1 nm,功率为0.335 mW,线宽约为32 MHz,且具有稳定的偏振特性。

闪烁体光束准直光学系统设计

为更好地实现对闪烁光的高效率收集和高质量准直,提升探测效果,便于进行后续的闪烁体光束控制或偏转等实验,分别提出了同轴光束准直系统和离轴光束准直系统,设计优化了该系统中的自由曲面透镜、二次曲面反射镜等器件的参数。采用光学软件LightTools对闪烁体光束准直系统进行仿真。结果表明:所设计的同轴光束准直系统和离轴光束准直系统均能有效地实现对闪烁光的准直,其中自由曲面透镜离轴反射镜系统将光束发散角从±40°压缩为±5°,光能利用率可达96%以上,光束角内光能利用率达83%以上,实现了对光束传播方向的调控,提高了闪烁光的收集效率。

Influence and experiment of cable-net manufacturing errors on surface accuracy of mesh reflector antennas

Cable-net structures are of substantial importance in the construction of large mesh reflector antennas.Owing to the inevitable errors in their manufacturing process,the reflector surface accuracy deteriorates.This study makes a comprehensive investigation of random manufacturing errors during constructing the mesh reflector antennas,and analyze its influence on reflector surface accuracy.Firstly,the sensitivity of reflector surface accuracy with respect to the random errors of the unstressed cable length is mathematically deducted.Secondly,a non-button connecting method is proposed and analyzed to reduce manufacturing errors.Thirdly,two physical experiment models based on 2.62-meter mesh reflector antenna are made.Finally,numerical examples and experimental tests are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.Compared with the traditional method,the proposed method can effectively reduce the influence of the manufacturing errors on the reflector surface accuracy.Moreover,the reduction in the sizes of the nodes also reduces the risk of entanglement of the mesh reflector antenna during the deployment process,and thereby improves the deployment reliability.

负泊松比手性结构圆薄板的参数设计

薄膜张紧在曲线边界上必然产生反枕效应,这会降低网状可展开天线的型面精度。为了减少影响,通常采用增加径向肋或者网面牵引索等措施,但这些方法会增加可展开天线的复杂程度。王一鸣、黄鹏飞提出了一种弱刚度复合膜,通过调整厚度使其具有一定的弯曲刚度降低反枕效应的影响,但厚度的增加会增加天线的质量。根据薄板的弯曲刚度方程可知,为了在不改变材料厚度的情况下改变弯曲刚度,通过调节材料的泊松比可以达到这个目的。文章利用等效法计算了伞天线反射面形成时两肋间材料需要施加的位移;将天线反射面等效为薄板,计算了在此位移下为消除反枕效应圆薄板所需的弯曲刚度;选取了合适的负泊松比结构,即手性结构,计算了为实现这一弯曲刚度所需的手性结构胞元的几何参数;最后,利用有限元对胞元进行强度校核,以保证设计的手性结构能满足后续实验加载需求。

13.2 m天线日照温度变形主面精度测量研究

13.2 m反射面天线有口径大、面形精度要求高的特点,并长期经受四季、昼夜温差带来的主反射面形变。针对主反射面承受夏季高温日晒,产生的结构变形,提出了一种主面精度日照变形测量分析方法,利用工业数字摄影测量技术,对主反射面精度进行测量。结果表明,主面最佳拟合精度受温度影响较小,固定坐标系拟合精度受温度影响较大。由于重力变形和高温影响,在俯仰70°工况时,12时和14时主面最佳拟合精度超出了0.3 mm指标,相关试验结果可为同类大口径反射面天线主面精度日照温度变形分析提供参考依据。

Effect of Facet Displacement on Radiation Field and Its Application for Panel Adjustment of Large Reflector Antenna

Large reflector antennas are widely used in radars, satellite communication, radio astronomy, and so on. The rapid developments in these fields have created demands for development of better performance and higher surface accuracy. However, low accuracy and low effi- ciency are the common disadvantages for traditional panel alignment and adjustment. In order to improve the surface accuracy of large reflector antenna, a new method is pre- sented to determinate panel adjustment values from far field pattern. Based on the method of Physical Optics （PO）, the effect of panel facet displacement on radiation field value is derived. Then the linear system is constructed between panel adjustment vector and far field pattern. Using the method of Singular Value Decomposition （SVD）, the adjustment value for all panel adjustors are obtained by solving the linear equations. An experiment is conducted on a 3.7 m reflector antenna with 12 segmented panels. The results of simulation and test are similar, which shows that the presented method is feasible. Moreover, thediscussion about validation shows that the method can be used for many cases of reflector shape. The proposed research provides the instruction to adjust surface panels efficiently and accurately.

Schemes for Segmenting the Main Reflector of the FAST

Acting as a pilot of the Square Kilometer Array (SKA), a Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) project puts forward many innovative ideas, among which the design of the active main reflector shows fascinating potential. The main spherical reflector is to be composed of thousands of small spherical panels, which can be adjusted to fit a paraboloid of revolution in real time. For the construction and performance, the rms of the fit must be optimized, and so appropriate dimensional limits for the panels need to be determined. The issue of how to divide the spherical reflector mathematically is addressed in this paper. The advantages and drawbacks of various segmenting methods are discussed and an optimum one is suggested.

Properties of metal–insulator–metal waveguide loop reflector

A new type and easy-to-fabricate metal-insulator-metal(MIM) waveguide reflector based on Sagnac loop is designed and investigated.The transfer matrix theoretical model for the transmission of electric fields in the reflector is established,and the properties of the reflector are studied and analyzed.The simulation results indicate that the reflectivity strongly depends on the coupling splitting ratio determined by the coupling length.Accordingly, different reflectivities can be realized by varying the coupling length.For an optimum coupling length of 750 nm, the 3-dB reflection bandwidth of the MIM waveguide reflector is as wide as 1.5 μm at a wavelength of 1550 nm, and the peak reflectivity and isolation are 78%and 23 dB, respectively.

Influence of light absorption on the metallic nanotextured reflectors of GaN-based light emitting diodes

Metallic nanotextured reflectors have been widely used in light emitting diodes(LEDs) to enhance the light extraction efficiency. However, the light absorption loss for the metallic reflectors with nanotexture structure is often neglected. Here, the influence of absorption loss of metallic nanotextured reflectors on the LED optoelectronic properties were studied. Two commonly used metal reflectors Ag and Al were applied to green GaN-based LEDs. By applying a Ag nanotextured reflector, the light output power of the LEDs was enhanced by 78% due to the improved light extraction. For an Al nanotextured reflector, however,only a 6% enhancement of the light output power was achieved. By analyzing the metal absorption using finite-difference timedomain(FDTD) and the metal reflectivity spectrum, it is shown that the surface plasmon(SP) intrinsic absorption of metallic reflectors with nanotexture structure play an important role. This finding will aid the design of the high-performance metal nanotextured reflectors and optoelectronics devices.

Electromagnetic performance analysis of reflectorantennas with non-uniform errors along radius

Based on the works of Greve and Rahmat-Samii, theelectromagnetic （EM） performance of the reflector antenna withnon-uniform surface errors along radius is further addressed. Amathematical model is developed to describe the weighting functionfor the non-uniform surface errors along radius. Then, somediscussions on the peak gain loss （PGL） and the first sidelobelevel increase （SLLI） caused by the non-uniform surface errors arepresented and several significant radiation characteristics of thereflector with non-uniform errors are pointed out. Last, based onthe proposed model, the weighted root mean square （RMS） valueof the surface errors is produced to evaluate the EM performanceand several representative cases with different non-uniform errorsare presented with good results. Results show that the weightedRMS value should be taken into account for a better quality evaluationof the reflector surface.

Study on Segmented Reflector Lamp Design Based on Error Analysis

This paper discusses the basic principle and design m ethod for light distribution of car lamp, introduces an important development: h igh efficient and flexible car lamp with reflecting light distribution-segmente d reflector (multi-patch) car lamp, and puts out a design method for segmented reflector based on error analysis. Unlike classical car lamp with refractive lig ht distribution, the method of reflecting light distribution gives car lamp desi gn more flexibility. In the case of guarantying the lightness of car lamp and sa tisfying the standard demand for the light distribution, the design of the exter ior of the car lamp has more freedom. The high gradient of car lamp is more suit able for the demand of streamline of the car exterior. The shape of segmented re flector obtained by theory calculating of car lamp reflecting light distribution is only an ideal shape, which usually has considerable differences with the fin al shape and will influences light distribution. There exist difference between the calculated reflector and manufactured reflector. Owing to light reflecting c haracter, the small diversification of the reflector will reduce the big diver sification of the light distribution shape on light distribution screen in 25 -meter place, so light distribution quality can’t be ensured. To ensure the re flector by light distribution calculation accordance to reflector by practical m anufacture, the error effect of surface shape must be reasonably considered name ly the error effect of manufacture tache. The paper establishes error-analyzing model for segmented reflector according to the analysis of error of making proc ess for segmented reflector. Based on this error-analyzing model and by use of the analyzing software developed for segmented reflector light distribution, it could reasonably consider reflector errors made by manufacturing, such as reflec tor surface spray-painting and plating aluminum, which could give out shapes of reflector patches for segmented reflector well and truly, and direct the plan o f making process efficiently. The method put by the paper has successfully appli ed to develop segmented reflector lamp for several type cars and obtained good e ffect for the factory.

非对称偏馈环形网状天线索网预张力设计方法

提出一种考虑桁架柔性变形对索网平衡态影响的非对称偏馈环形网状天线索网预张力设计方法。该方法将天线整体结构分为内部索网与外部桁架两部分,通过内部索网预张力与外部桁架变形间的不断迭代,寻找满足索网形状及张力要求的天线平衡态,以实现网状天线索网预张力优化配置的目的。相比于常规基于刚性桁架假设的预张力设计,该方法可充分计及环形桁架与柔性索网协调变形,获得高精度反射面,且该方法适用于非对称偏馈天线,可有效避免后期张力调试,节约人力物力。算例分析验证了在进行预张力设计时计及桁架柔性的必要性及方法的正确性和有效性。

星载高精度反射面模具型面补偿设计方法

为满足高通量卫星对反射面高精度型面和低成本要求,从碳纤维蜂窝夹层结构反射面在固化成型过程中的固化收缩变形角度出发,根据模具型面补偿原理,提出了反射面模具型面补偿设计方法,并基于六面体单元有限元模型和三维正交各项异性材料属性及三点边界约束方法进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,通过型面补偿后的铸铁模具加工得到的两米口径反射面型面精度达到0.096 mm均方根(root mean square,RMS),为模具型面补偿和高精度反射面提供了参考。

曲面反射装置对脉冲爆轰发动机外流场影响的数值模拟

为探索能够有效抑制脉冲爆轰发动机工作时产生的大功率爆轰噪声向发动机头部关键部位传播的技术途径,采用时空守恒元与求解元方法对加装椭球型反射罩、抛物线型反射罩和圆锥形反射罩三类反射装置的发动机出口流场进行数值模拟。研究结果表明,反射装置旋转面的反射特性差异造成三类反射装置对爆轰噪声的作用效果不同。椭球型反射罩将反射波汇聚到反射罩的轴线方向;抛物线型反射罩将反射波近似平行向下游汇聚;圆锥形反射罩不能产生滞后于直达波的反射波,反射波加强了直传波并一道向下游传播。

电磁调控角反射器的散射特性研究

角反射器是一种宽角域的常见无源干扰设备,常被用于保护关键目标.但传统金属角反射器特性固定,需借助新型电磁材料实现角反射器的特性优化.有源频率选择表面(adaptive frequency selective surface,AFSS)是在单元间加载一系列可变有源器件而构成的具有可调电磁特性的新型结构.为拓展角反射器的适用范围、分析电磁材料角反射器的散射特性以更好地保护关键目标,本文设计了一种基于单面AFSS的电控角反射器,并仿真计算分析了该电控角反射器的散射特性.仿真结果表明设计的电控角反射器的散射特性可灵活调控,即不同偏置电流下AFSS单元可对入射电磁波能量产生不同反射效果;同时验证了该电磁调控角反射器的宽角域特性,其调控角域在方位向、俯仰向均大于60°,实现了基于无源散射体的宽角域实时调控效果.相较于传统角反射器和平面电磁材料,所设计电控角反射器兼具实时调控性和宽角域特性,拓展了角反射器的应用场景和适用范围.

New Solution to Surface Temperature of Casting Slab Measurement Based on Preceded Reflector and Multi-Wavelength

The surface temperature of casting slab is an important parameter in the metallurgy field. Because the surface emissivity is uncertain and also unknown, it is difficult to measure the slab surface temperature accurately. A method based on preceded reflector and multi-wavelength was put forward to deal with the difficulty in surface temperature measurement of casting slab. On the premise of preceded reflector and non-preceded reflector, the method establishes the radiation energy equations and works out the emissivity and temperature in the equations. Also, the multilayer modeling of casting slab surface and multiple reflection-absorption process modeling were built by Monte Carlo method. The temperature measuring method had been applied in the continuous casting field. In order to verify the measured result, the thermal imaging method was adopted when the slab surface emissivity was set by repeated tests. Finally, the measured and verified temperature curves keep a same tendency and the error of the values is lower than 5℃. The comparison result shows that the method can measure temperature accurately.

低剖面RCS可控的龙伯透镜反射器

传统龙伯透镜反射器用金属做反射面,可在全频段内实现对电磁波能量的全反射,其雷达散射截面(RCS)特性不可变。采用半球龙伯透镜代替龙伯透镜反射器中的全球龙伯透镜来减轻重量、降低剖面。为了达到对半球龙伯透镜反射器散射特性可控的目的,使用有源频率选择表面(AFSS)吸波器代替半球龙伯透镜反射器金属地面,通过AFSS吸波器的吸波/反射功能,使半球龙伯透镜反射器实现对能量的吸波/反射。仿真结果表明,低剖面龙伯透镜反射器在俯仰方向θ=20°~90°时吸波/反射状态下RCS之间的差值在8 dB以上;在方位方向ϕ=-90°~90°具有130°宽角响应,且吸波/反射状态下RCS之间的差值在8 dB以上。研究结果表明,该龙伯透镜反射器在吸波与反射状态下具有较好的切换效果,实现了RCS的调控。

500m口径球面射电望远镜瞬时抛物面拟合精度的预估与改善

依据500m口径球面射电望远镜(FAST)主动反射面工作原理及相关结构尺寸,基于反射面单元动态面形精度分析研究了FAST瞬时抛物面的拟合精度。首先,以反射面单元为研究对象,自节点开始推导考虑了机构运动的反射面单元动态面形精度计算方法。然后,提取不同区域19块反射面单元的各自9种初始面形工况,给出了分析算例。最后,基于单元动态精度特性,提出瞬时抛物面机械本体拟合精度及考虑馈源照明函数的半光程差拟合精度预估方法,并给出2种改善措施,即扩大可控区至300m抛物面外一层节点靶标,及抛物面周圈节点靶标向球心、中心反向各自偏移4mm。结果表明:反射面单元初始面形应优选面形精度RMS为2mm的波浪式面板。改进控制策略后机械本体拟合精度提高至RMS为3.938mm,优于RMS为5mm的设计指标,此时半光程差拟合精度RMS为0.629mm。该项研究对确定反射面单元初始面形及调节瞬时抛物面拟合精度很有意义。

表面误差对反射面天线电性能的影响

针对反射面天线存在的误差问题,建立了包含系统误差和随机误差对电性能影响的数学模型.该模型根据表面误差与口径面相位分布的关系,利用口径法得到功率方向图.通过对模型分析可知,随机误差对方向图各个方位产生影响;系统误差产生栅瓣,且栅瓣的位置和电平取决于变形情况.最后将模型应用到8米口径的抛物面天线中,收到了满意的结果,验证了文中模型和方法的正确性.