Dwarfing breeding of wheat in the world is confined to the exploitation of recessive dwarfing sources. None of the dominant dwarfing sources discovered in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has found wide exploitatio...Dwarfing breeding of wheat in the world is confined to the exploitation of recessive dwarfing sources. None of the dominant dwarfing sources discovered in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has found wide exploitation in wheat breeding due to the extreme dwarfness of their plants (2055 cm). We found in our work that some stable mutant lines with their plant height enhanced to different extents could be obtained in large populations derived from the stock seeds of the dominant dwarfing sources Aibian1 carrying Rht10 on 4DS and being 2055 cm tall and Aisu2 carrying Rht3 on 4BS and being 55 cm tall, or from their descendants of induced mutation treatments, or from the segregating descendants of their crosses with mid- or tall-statured genotypes. Subsequently, we studied these mutation-derived lines differing in plant height with near isogenic lines and observed that the character of their enhanced plant height bred true, each carrying a semi-dominant dwarfing gene for a definite height and that as the plant height of the mutation-derived lines increased, the yield-contributing characters of their near isogenic lines were significantly improved. When test crosses with marker genes and physiological and biochemical genetic marker tests were performed to re-localize the semi-dominant dwarfing genes carried by the mutation-derived lines, it was confirmed that they shared common loci with Rht10 and Rht3 and that they were all mutation-derived multiple alleles. It is thus speculated that dominant dwarfing genes are of 'multi-allelic polymorphism'. In other words, dominant dwarfing genes, which are ultra-dwarfing, are liable to develop by mutation into a group of multiple alleles with plant height enhanced to different extents and some may have a height close to the ideal plant height for wheat breeding. Therefore, these results offer a fundamentally new approach for the exploitation of dominant dwarfing sources in wheat breeding.展开更多
矮秆已被广泛用于改良作物的抗倒伏性状,培育理想株型,从而提高作物产量。玉米矮秆突变体K123d由自交系K123自然突变产生。本研究比较该突变体与野生型主要农艺性状差异及其对赤霉素的敏感性;用K123d与株高不同的3个自交系分别构建F1、B...矮秆已被广泛用于改良作物的抗倒伏性状,培育理想株型,从而提高作物产量。玉米矮秆突变体K123d由自交系K123自然突变产生。本研究比较该突变体与野生型主要农艺性状差异及其对赤霉素的敏感性;用K123d与株高不同的3个自交系分别构建F1、BC和F2群体,分析矮秆性状的遗传模式;以K169/K123d-F2为定位群体,采用集团分离分析法(BSA),运用SSR标记定位矮秆基因d123;参照br-2序列信息分段设计特异引物,同源克隆d123。结果表明,与野生型相比K123d株高降低35.59%,穗位高降低、节间缩短、叶片较直立,但结实率差,对赤霉素敏感;在F2群体和BC1群体中,正常植株与矮秆植株分离比例分别符合3∶1和1∶1,说明矮秆性状受1对隐性基因控制;其矮秆基因d123定位于第一条染色体上SSR标记umc1278和bnlg1564之间,遗传距离分别为12.8 c M和7.3 c M;同源克隆显示d123与br-2存在12个碱基替换,其中第4个外显子编码的一个谷氨酸被替换为赖氨酸。由此可见,矮秆突变体K123d为br-2的一个突变类型,对矮化育种具有进一步研究利用价值。展开更多
从搭载神舟三号上天的烤烟品种GT11（Nicotiana tabacum var.GT11）后代中,筛选到稳定的多腋芽矮化突变体（T-srd,Tobacco of Sucker-rich and Dwarf mutant）。利用正反交和测交获得F1、F2和测交群体,通过田间观察与苗期观察相结合的方...从搭载神舟三号上天的烤烟品种GT11（Nicotiana tabacum var.GT11）后代中,筛选到稳定的多腋芽矮化突变体（T-srd,Tobacco of Sucker-rich and Dwarf mutant）。利用正反交和测交获得F1、F2和测交群体,通过田间观察与苗期观察相结合的方法,对该突变体进行性状分析,研究其遗传规律。结果显示,该突变体播种后5周左右（31~38 d）即在第一真叶节位处发生腋芽,此时GT11和正交、反交群体（F1）无腋芽出现。经卡方检验表明,正交和反交的F2烟苗群体中有腋芽烟苗和无腋芽烟苗比例符合1：3分离规律,有一个测交组合符合1：1分离规律。移栽后90 d,T-srd的株高（161.73±16.30）cm,比GT11矮24.45%,节距（3.77±0.24）cm,比GT11低31.33%,茎围（10.03±0.42）cm,比GT11低12.71%,以上指标与GT11间存在极显著差异。叶数与GT11相当,没有显著差异。田间T-srd的腋芽自茎基部萌发,并逐步向上发展,与顶芽间存在距离效应。结果表明,T-srd多腋芽性状符合孟德尔分离规律,该性状属于质量性状,可能由单基因隐性突变所致。展开更多
基金This work was supported by Science and Technology Commission of Chongqing Municipality for the Project“Innovation of Genetic Resources of Wheat"by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for the Project“Studies of Mutialelie Polymorphism of Dominant Dwarfing Genes in Wheat(30370875/C02020502)”.
文摘Dwarfing breeding of wheat in the world is confined to the exploitation of recessive dwarfing sources. None of the dominant dwarfing sources discovered in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has found wide exploitation in wheat breeding due to the extreme dwarfness of their plants (2055 cm). We found in our work that some stable mutant lines with their plant height enhanced to different extents could be obtained in large populations derived from the stock seeds of the dominant dwarfing sources Aibian1 carrying Rht10 on 4DS and being 2055 cm tall and Aisu2 carrying Rht3 on 4BS and being 55 cm tall, or from their descendants of induced mutation treatments, or from the segregating descendants of their crosses with mid- or tall-statured genotypes. Subsequently, we studied these mutation-derived lines differing in plant height with near isogenic lines and observed that the character of their enhanced plant height bred true, each carrying a semi-dominant dwarfing gene for a definite height and that as the plant height of the mutation-derived lines increased, the yield-contributing characters of their near isogenic lines were significantly improved. When test crosses with marker genes and physiological and biochemical genetic marker tests were performed to re-localize the semi-dominant dwarfing genes carried by the mutation-derived lines, it was confirmed that they shared common loci with Rht10 and Rht3 and that they were all mutation-derived multiple alleles. It is thus speculated that dominant dwarfing genes are of 'multi-allelic polymorphism'. In other words, dominant dwarfing genes, which are ultra-dwarfing, are liable to develop by mutation into a group of multiple alleles with plant height enhanced to different extents and some may have a height close to the ideal plant height for wheat breeding. Therefore, these results offer a fundamentally new approach for the exploitation of dominant dwarfing sources in wheat breeding.
文摘矮秆已被广泛用于改良作物的抗倒伏性状,培育理想株型,从而提高作物产量。玉米矮秆突变体K123d由自交系K123自然突变产生。本研究比较该突变体与野生型主要农艺性状差异及其对赤霉素的敏感性;用K123d与株高不同的3个自交系分别构建F1、BC和F2群体,分析矮秆性状的遗传模式;以K169/K123d-F2为定位群体,采用集团分离分析法(BSA),运用SSR标记定位矮秆基因d123;参照br-2序列信息分段设计特异引物,同源克隆d123。结果表明,与野生型相比K123d株高降低35.59%,穗位高降低、节间缩短、叶片较直立,但结实率差,对赤霉素敏感;在F2群体和BC1群体中,正常植株与矮秆植株分离比例分别符合3∶1和1∶1,说明矮秆性状受1对隐性基因控制;其矮秆基因d123定位于第一条染色体上SSR标记umc1278和bnlg1564之间,遗传距离分别为12.8 c M和7.3 c M;同源克隆显示d123与br-2存在12个碱基替换,其中第4个外显子编码的一个谷氨酸被替换为赖氨酸。由此可见,矮秆突变体K123d为br-2的一个突变类型,对矮化育种具有进一步研究利用价值。
文摘从搭载神舟三号上天的烤烟品种GT11（Nicotiana tabacum var.GT11）后代中,筛选到稳定的多腋芽矮化突变体（T-srd,Tobacco of Sucker-rich and Dwarf mutant）。利用正反交和测交获得F1、F2和测交群体,通过田间观察与苗期观察相结合的方法,对该突变体进行性状分析,研究其遗传规律。结果显示,该突变体播种后5周左右（31~38 d）即在第一真叶节位处发生腋芽,此时GT11和正交、反交群体（F1）无腋芽出现。经卡方检验表明,正交和反交的F2烟苗群体中有腋芽烟苗和无腋芽烟苗比例符合1：3分离规律,有一个测交组合符合1：1分离规律。移栽后90 d,T-srd的株高（161.73±16.30）cm,比GT11矮24.45%,节距（3.77±0.24）cm,比GT11低31.33%,茎围（10.03±0.42）cm,比GT11低12.71%,以上指标与GT11间存在极显著差异。叶数与GT11相当,没有显著差异。田间T-srd的腋芽自茎基部萌发,并逐步向上发展,与顶芽间存在距离效应。结果表明,T-srd多腋芽性状符合孟德尔分离规律,该性状属于质量性状,可能由单基因隐性突变所致。
