Monitor and Acceptance among Couples in Romantic Relationships:Actor-Partner Interdependence Models Based on the Monitor and Acceptance Theory

Communication could be an essential part of couples in their daily life.Based on Monitor and Acceptance Theory(MAT),the present study explored the mediating role of communication in the relationship between mindfulness and relationship quality among college-student couples.The research examined the dynamic relationship of monitoring and acceptance to relationship satisfaction in the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model(APIM),and the mediating effect of positive or negative communications in these relationships.A total of 96 pairs of couples in the universities in Nanjing,China participated in the research.Momentary measurements were used to measure the momentary levels of their monitor,acceptance,positive/negative communication,and relationship satisfaction.A Hierarchical Linear Model(HLM)was used to deal with the APIM.Results showed that the women’s monitor facet of state mindfulness negatively predicted men’s relationship satisfaction through women’s negative communication,and the women’s acceptance facet of state mindfulness positively predicted women’s relationship satisfaction through women’s positive and negative communication at the within-person level.The study highlights the importance of cooperation in monitoring and acceptance for couples to own and hold high levels of relationship satisfaction.

The Factors of Both Romanticism and Transcendentalism in Emily Dickinson's Character

Emily Dickinson is one of the most widely read and well-known American poets. Although there were just seven poems published during her lifetime, she was brought to many people's attention. Some people believe that Dickinson is a real romantic but others think she is a transcendentalist. However, both the factors of romanticism and transcendentalism can be seen in her character indeed. Romantic factors include individualism in her personality and her escaping from society. Transcendental factors are oversoul and mysticalness. If all the factors are taken into account, Emily Dickinson can fall into the category of both romanticism and transcendentalism.

A Brief Study of Wordsworth's Romantic Poetry in Light of Ecocriticism

Ecocriticism is a new-born literary criticism that delves into the exposition of the relationship between human beings and other specimen in nature from the literary angle as well as observes and discloses in detail and with sincerity the effect of literature in the human activities and natural environment. The thesis combines the theory of ecocriticism with romanticism to study Wordsworth's romantic poetry from an ecological perspective as Wordsworth,the great"worshipper of nature"can also be called an ecological critic since many of his poems are focused on ecological themes and he expresses his passion on an ecological basis. Going through the thesis is the most fundamental concept of ecocriticism: ecological holism. Supporting this backbone is analyzes of selected paradigmatic romantic poems by Wordsworth.

A Study of Romantic Tendency in Jane Austen's works——A Comparison between Sense and Sensibility and Persuasion

Sense and Sensibility and Persuasion is Jane Austen's first and last published works respectively, which are read widely all over the world. Austen proclaims that feeling should be governed by reason in Sense and Sensibility and that reason should be compatible with feeling in Persuasion. This paper attempts to explore romantic tendency in Austen's works according to the comparison and contrast between her two novels. Through comparison and contrast, we can see the transformation of Marianne from a lady of sensibility to a sensible lady and the growth of Anne into a lady with romance.

Exploring the Association between Adult Attachment Styles in Romantic Relationships, Perceptions of Parents from Childhood and Relationship Satisfaction

Little research has examined how attachment styles in childhood are related to current romantic relationship experiences. The aim of this study was to explore the association between perceptions of childhood experiences with parents, attachment styles in romantic relationships, and relationship satisfaction in a sample of young adults. The sample consisted of 227 participants, 153 of which were university students and the remaining 69 were members of the general population. Of these, 177 (78%) were female and 50 (22%) were male, with an age range of 18 - 39. Participants completed a battery of self-report measures assessing their attachment style in romantic relationships, satisfaction in their current romantic relationship, and an adjective checklist describing their parents and their parent’s relationship with each other. The majority of males had an avoidant-fearful style, while females tended to have an avoidant-fearful or secure style. Findings were that participants’ descriptions of their mother, father, and parental relationship were associated with their attachment style. In terms of a current romantic relationship, those with a secure attachment style were much more likely to be in a relationship whereas those with an avoidant-fearful style were not. Secure participants were more satisfied in their relationships than the insecure styles of attachment. Finally, chi-square tests revealed that there was no association between gender and attachment style. Results were discussed in terms of methodological limitations such as the use of self-report measures;theoretical weaknesses for example the variability in the approaches used in attachment research;and future research, which included the use of longitudinal studies which may offer insight into how early parenting behaviours act as predictors of later relationship functioning.

由“Romanticism”一词的两种译法看周作人早期文学观

1918年,周作人在北京大学讲授欧洲文学史,并编写讲义《欧洲文学史》及《近代欧洲文学史》两册,在讲义中周作人将"Romanticism"一词译为"传奇主义"和"理想主义",这两种译法并非偶然为之,其背后蕴藏着作者在同一时期所主张的文学观及文艺理论。本文主要从"Romanticism"在中国的接受与传播、"传奇主义"与"抒情传统",以及"理想主义"与"人的文学"等三个方面来探讨"Romanticism"一词中文译法背后的深刻含义。

Jane Eyre's Contradictory Characteristics from the Perspectives of Realism and Romanticism

Various researches have been conducted in realism,description of psychology and romanticism in Jane Eyre respectively.Author of this paper is going to connect realism and romanticism to reflect contradictory characteristics in the title character whose author Charlotte Bront? was shaped in the shift of romanticism to realism in Victorian age.

A Comparison between Heathcliff and Chillingworth from the Perspective of Romanticism

Heathcliff and Chillingworth are the two typical satan type heroes among literature works. To some extent, their revenge is similar, but there are also differences. However, there are few comparisons between the two heroes from the perspective of romanticism. From the analysis of the author＇s living background and their literary genre of the two works, the paper will analyse the reasons why Heathcliff and Chillingworth want to revenge, and reflect their similarities and differences in terms of their character, means, ending, and so on. The paper will analyse the two heroes by using the methods of literature data collection, text comparison and induction, and come to a conclusion that the romanticism carried by the two authors is influential in shaping the two satan type heroes. Thus to gain more details about the similarities of the two cruel revenger, and the differences of their individuality and different ways of revenge.

Romanticism in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been studied as a realistic work widely.Although The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn mainly work for the realism,there are also spark notes of romanticism in the book.So this essay discusses the romanticism from its source and its conception,and the third part of this essay analyzes which parts and which points in the book show the romanticism,and analyzes the romanticism in the book from the general following aspects:description of the environment,the friendship between the main characters,the plots,and themes.At last,the author concludes the indelible artistic value in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

Positive Romanticism and Ode to the West Wind

There are not as many British positive romanticism research as romanticism research.The positive romanticism possesses distinguished characteristics in different cultures.The English positive romanticism pushed the romanticism literature to the highest among which Shelley's Ode to the West Wind is one of the best works.Through mainly analysis on the background of Ode to the West Wind,and the features of positive romanticism,my research finally drew an conclusion that Ode to the West Wind adopts a variety of ways to analyze the subjectivism,the political lyricism,idealism.This thesis also illustrates the features of human's appreciations for the nature.

The Influence of Moral and Material Values on Marriage in Pride and Prejudice

The thesis aims to focus on analysis of the material and moral values on marriage in Jane Austen's time on the basis of the several passages adapted from the novel.It endeavors to illustrate such a principle that real happiness is better in a balanced position of the moral and material values.

An Analysis of Romanticism Characteristics in Anne of Green Gables

Anne of Green Gables is one of the famous works of Canadian children’s literature.It was created by Canadian authoress Lucy Maud Montgomery in 1908.The novel tells a story about the innocent and kind heroine—Anne,who is an orphan and adopted by Matthew and Marilla of the green gable at her age of 11.The whole novel is full of romanticism and realism characteristics.It is exactly a transition from romanticism to realism.The heroine’s imagination and the love toward nature can be comparable to Alice in Wonderland.Mark Twain commented,"In Anne of Green Gables you will find the dearest and most moving and delightful child since the immortal Alice."

I Hear America Singing

Whitman had a lifelong attachment to the grammatical form of the present participles and the poetic "I". In this thesis, I proposed that these devices constitute an essential part of his poetics and that they reflect and express some of this poet’s most fundamental ideas and beliefs about life and poetry. Here I used I HEAR AMERICAN SINGING, as illustration, in the hope that some of the conclusions I made here would help us to understand his other poems better.

Endorphins, oxytocin, sexuality and romantic relationships: An understudied area

Endorphins are the body's natural opioids that are created and released by the central nervous system, hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Endorphins have a reputation for pain reduction, enhancing excitement or satisfaction, boosting confidence, enabling control of emotions and generating feelings of euphoria, and are involved in the natural reward cycle. There is also evidence in the literature suggesting the role of endorphins in sexuality(including sexual function and sexual behaviours), as they may regulate the release of sex hormones, prolactin and growth hormone, which are involved in sexual function and love. Endogenous oxytocin is another intrinsic hormone whose role in inducing labour contractions, the delivery of the baby and stimulating lactation has been well studied. However, the potential impact of endorphins and oxytocin on sexuality and romantic relationships is not well understood. This article reviews the research on endorphins and endogenous oxytocin and how they relate to human sexuality and romantic relationships. Some animal studies report the effect of endorphin and oxytocin on sex hormones and mating behaviours, but these findings have not been supported by research into human behaviour, indicating many gaps in knowledge relating to the association between these hormones and human sexuality.

A Panorama of England and the English Through Translations of English Romantic Poetry Into Serbo-Croatian

The paper deals with the image of English, i.e., the way the English were represented, the country and the people, in translations of the poetry of major English Romantic poets into the Serbo-Croatian language, the official language of former Yugoslavia： Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron and Shelley. The first translation of an English Romantic poem was published in 1831 at the time when Yugoslav peoples were split under foreign governments of Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires and later, during the twentieth century, they were healing the wounds of the two world wars. The English were seen, or wanted to be seen as liberal, rebellious, ready to die for the just cause, through the verses of their major Romantic poets; in both centuries, some of them seemed apposite for translation while encouraging national liberation spirit and social justice, patriotism, and some were read in that key despite the original, thanks to translators＇ efforts to make it look that way. Translators were not solely guided by the assessment of the source culture readership and critics, but by the needs of the target culture too. As a result of such tendencies of adjusting Romantics to national purpose, Byron＇s satirical works remained completely neglected, Wordsworth was primarily seen as a poet of nature, and Coleridge＇s irrational visions were inappropriate for the 20th century dominant communist doctrine relying on rational, material rather than spiritual; Shelley＇s longer poems were not translated in its entirety, only its excerpts, explicitly emphasizing liberty and equality.

The Comparison Between“Winebibber Spirit”and“Dionysian Spirit”in Wine Poetry

Wine in the West and China,as the core of wine culture,has been playing an important role in people’s social life.This paper analyzes wine culture on the basis of the previous researches through wine poetry,which is the result of the convergence of wine culture and Romantic poetry.On one hand,it is known that“intoxication”is the essence of wine culture:People seek freedom and independent personality in a drunk state.On the other hand,subjectivity,individuality,and self-awareness,as the features of Romanticism,share some ideological similarities with the essence of wine culture.What’s more,wine poetry,as a special category of romantic poetry,is found to present these features to a great degree.With the similarities and features mentioned above as the foundation of further study,this paper intends to make a comparative study of the wine culture in China and the West by analyzing wine poetry.Finally,the author further demonstrates the previous researchers’conclusion of Chinese“Winebibber Spirit”and the Western“Dionysian Spirit.”Meanwhile,this paper discusses the deeper reasons for the differences,and suggests that further understanding of wine culture in China and the West can promote intercultural communication.

Reading Dickens Romantically： ＂Night Walks＂

This paper will examine the essay, ＂Night Walks＂ （2000）, to see how Charles Dickens （1812-1870）, a social-realist writer of the Victorian era, has used elements adapted from the Romantics in order to draw attention to the pitiable social conditions of Victorian London. Dickens＇ the realist paradoxically reflected a readiness to think and feel ＂without immediate external excitement＂. He expressed his alignment with Romanticism by way of a cultivation of feeling and empathizing. His genius was, as expressed by Bagehot, ＂essentially irregular and unsymmetrical＂ because he was ＂utterly deficient in the faculty of reasoning＂. His daily, or rather nightly walks provided him with the inspiration to follow the Romantic tradition of writing on walks. The essay under consideration, ＂Night Walks＂, clearly supports the notion that Romanticism was fallaciously opposed to realism. The paper will examine the ways in which the theme, style, and structure of the essay evoke the preoccupation of a Romantic soul--for whom the walk becomes a space for ＂encounter and reflection＂--and the Romantic mind which is empowered by ＂imaginative self definition or discovery＂.

Current Evidence of the Monoaminergic Regulation of Romantic Love and Relationship

Introduction: Sexual response cycle is modulated by a variety of biological factors, especially antidepressants and antipsychotics. Although the circuit of romantic love has recently been delineated, the biological impact on romantic love is barely mentioned in human, however. Methods: In thus study, a comprehensive literature review was completed to elucidate the role of central monoamines, including dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, melatonin and histamine, for the romantic love and relationship in human. Results: The central circuit of romantic love includes the mesolimbic and mesocortical tract and their extensions widely distributed in cortical, subcortical and brainstem structures. The activation of brain foci progressively decreases along with the romantic relationship in many areas, including the bilateral caudate and ventral tegmentum area without change of passionate love. Hyperactivity of dopamine and serotonin is suggested at the synaptic level for romantic love in lovers, probably through an inhibition of transporters or increase of terminal release. Romantic love can be modulated by antidepressants or recreational drugs. Polymorphism of dopamine and serotonin receptor relates to the romantic relationship. The effect of other monoamines is barely mentioned. Conclusions: Romantic love is vulnerable for secondary effect, such as drugs which modulate the dopamine and serotonin, in human. Romantic relationship is also impacted by the polymorphism of monoamine receptors. Therefore, the biological effect is not limited to sexual response cycle but also the romantic love and relationship. Further investigation is warranted for understanding the secondary effect in romantic love for romantic dissolution or divorce.

The Three Stages of John Keats＇s Poetics

Apart from poetry, John Keats＇s concise remarks on poetics scatter miscellaneously in his other writings, whichhave been less studied compared with that of Keats＇s contemporary romantic poets. However, those terse remarksconstitute his deep perception on romantic poetry, many of which are now still glistening with their unique value.Based upon close reading upon Keats＇s poetical works and letters as well as later critics＇ books on poetry, thispaper intends to make a systematic study of Keats＇s poetics. Aiming at illustrating Keats＇ poetics, this paper fallsinto three parts--the first part being ＂Inspiration： Poetry as John Keats＇s Life＂, the second ＂Perspiration： NaturalGenius Plus Exquisite Revision＂, and the third ＂Perfection： the Aeolian Lyre＂.

Changing Characteristic of Romantic Poetry in the 19th Century

Change is the law of nature. Every writer enriches literature by coining new ideas. As Aristotle disagreed with Plato by saying that poetry is not blind but creative imitation, and emotions if remain pent up in mind, would erupt sooner or later like a volcano. Later on Classics have written poetry either to praise kings and queens, or to reform the society, but Romantics like Aristotle ushered against Classics and penned down writings bearing entirely different characteristics than earlier poetry with creative imagination. This paper is captivating study of the meanings and changing characteristics of romantic poetry during 19th century. Romanticism means having a visionary, imaginative or emotional appeal, to give emotions upper hand over reason. It was not a sudden movement, tends and tendencies were already there, which reached to its climax in hands of Blake, Wordsworth, Shelley, Keats and Byron, who awakened against Pope, Swift and Johnson. Romanticism has its origin in French revolution. The distinctive features of French revolution are freedom, brotherhood and equality. Romanticism was a revolt against the system through which they tried to change the status of common men. William Blake was foremost among romantics who believed that this vegetable world is, but only a shadow of the real world which is of imagination and attempted to convey the celestial message of love everywhere. In the poetry of Wordsworth and Coleridge, the naturalistic tendency remained more prominent, whereas Keats＇ and Shelley＇s poetry in a more specified sense was romantic marked by the emphasis on love of the supernatural, the marvelous and the exotic mythological world. Victorian poetry was not original like Romantics. Romantics introduced poetry bearing entirely different character than earlier poetry, with original ideas, whereas Victorian poets had written about social problems. Romantics were individualistically supreme in their ideas. Tennyson and Arnold took themes of their poetry from their surrounding, so no egoistic element was in the poetry of that century. Romantics introduced a change by plunging into imagination, whereas Victorians ended this trend by bringing readers into the world of realities, but there change was brought to provide momentarily relief and here its purpose was reformation.