Application of Anti-seepage Technology in the Construction of Hydraulic Engineering Projects

With the development of China's economy,the implementation scale and scope of hydraulic engineering projects are increasing,and the application of anti-seepage technology has an important influence on the construction quality of hydraulic engineering.In this paper,the significance and problems of the application of anti-seepage technology in the construction of hydraulic engineering projects were mainly analyzed,and specific application strategies were proposed.

Discussion on Anti-seepage Wall and Anti-seepage Technology of Water Conservancy Project

The water infiltration problem of water conservancy projects is one of the more common problems in the construction of water conservancy projects,which seriously affects the overall construction quality and safety of water conservancy projects.This article studies the causes of water infiltration in water conservancy projects and introduces related antiseepage technologies,hoping to be a reference for the implementation of anti-seepage projects.Through research,it is found that the factors that cause water infiltration in water conservancy projects include water conservancy project structural changes,environmental factors and construction factors.Relevant personnel can use concrete anti-seepage wall construction technology and high-pressure jet grouting technology to do the relevant anti-seepage work of water conservancy projects.

Sponge-type Composite Vegetation Carpet and Roof Greening Technology

Roof greening is crucial for improving urban eco-environment, showing benefits, ecological y or social y, but it is so hard for investors in terms of capitals or promotion. The research introduced sponge-type composite vegetation carpet techniques and constructionprocess, making a breakthrough in greening form and having formulated a new one.

Discussion on Anti-Seepage Technologies in the Construction of Small-Scale Rural Water Conservancy Projects

In order to ensure the sustainable growth of rural economy,it is necessary to carry out further research on small-scale water conservancy projects and solve the seepage issue in rural areas.Based on the application significance of small-scale rural water conservancy projects and the analysis of anti-seepage technologies,along with specific examples,this paper specifically discusses the application of high-pressure jet technology,so as to provide reference for the development of engineering construction.

Overburden fracture evolution laws and water-controlling technologies in mining very thick coal seam under water-rich roof

Considering the danger of water inrush in mining very thick coal seam under water-rich roof in Majialiang Coal Mine,the universal discrete element(UDEC)software was used to simulate the overburden fracture evolution laws when mining 4#coal seam.Besides,this study researched on the influence of face advancing length,speed and mining height on the height of the water flowing fractured zones(HWFFZ),and analyzed the correlation of face advancing length and change rules of aquifer water levels and goaf water inflow.Based on those mentioned above,this research proposed the following water-controlling technologies:draining the roof water before mining,draining goaf water,reasonable advancing speed and mining thickness.These water-controlling technologies were successfully used in the feld,thus ensured safely mining the very thick coal seam under water-rich roof.

One-time Shaping Technological System of Lightweight Roof Greening

Lightweight roof greening is an important way for improving urban ecological environment and has good ecological and social benefits, but the investment is- too-high for the investors. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the system of lightweight roof greening. This study introduced a lightweight roof greening mode with low cost, simple construction, rapid formation, good economic benefit and convenient curing.

Numerical simulation of flows around long-span flat roof

Long-span roof with span larger than height always has a complicated three-dimensional curve. Wind pressure on the roof is often influenced not only by the atmospheric turbulence, but also by the “signature” turbulence provoked in the wind by the structure itself. So it is necessary to study characteristics of flows around the roof. In this paper, three-dimensional numerical simulation of wind-induced pressure has been periormed on a long-span flat roof by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） software ——FLUENT. The flow characteristics are studied by considering some parameters, such as wind direction, span-height ratio, roof pitch, flow characteristics, roughness of terrain. The simulation is based upon the Reynolds-averaged equations, in which Reynolds stress equation model （RSM） and SIMPLE technology, （Semi-Implieit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations） have been used. Compared with wind tunnel tests, the computational results have good agreement with the experimental data. It is proved that the results are creditable and the method is feasible.

GREEN ROOFING IN INDIANA: CASE STUDIES AND DESIGN NOTES

Green roof technology and implementation are taking root in North America at an accelerating pace.Growing recogni-tion of the benefits of green roofs and increasing interest in green infrastructure are leading to expansion of green roof tech-nologies that have been in use for decades in Europe and elsewhere.While some regions have adopted the use of green roofs on a large scale,other areas are warming up to the concept more slowly.Large-scale implementation of green roofs has not yet occurred in Indiana,but a number of exemplary projects have been constructed,and there are signs that interest in the technology is increasing in the state.The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of green roof technology,analyze selected green roofs in Indiana,explore trends in the state,and address issues for future development of green roof technol-ogy in the region.A variety of green roofs were investigated throughout the state.Discussions were held with individuals involved in each project to obtain technical and logistical details of green roof design,installation,and performance.

托顶煤巷道易片冒顶板变形机理与超前导管预注浆控制技术研究

目的 为探究厚煤层易片冒区域托顶煤巷道顶板变形破坏机理,并对易片冒区托顶煤巷道顶板进行有效控制,方法 以常村煤矿2701工作面皮带运输巷为例,通过等截面梁理论分析托顶煤巷道顶板破断成因,研究托顶煤巷道顶板的稳定性与巷道宽度和顶煤强度的关系。通过极限平衡准则得到巷帮位移的计算公式,证明托顶煤巷道具有帮顶协同变形机制。建立托顶煤巷道数值模型,研究巷道埋深、侧压系数、顶煤厚度和顶煤强度与托顶煤巷道围岩稳定性的关系。结果 结果表明:巷道埋深越大,其对托顶煤巷道两帮稳定性的影响越大;侧压系数的增加对巷道两帮和底鼓量的影响更大,对顶板影响较小;顶板下沉量与顶煤厚度呈正相关,底鼓量则与顶煤厚度呈负相关;顶煤强度的增加使巷道顶板下沉量与两帮移近量均近似呈线性减小趋势,底鼓量基本保持不变。结论 通过幂律型流体柱形渗透注浆扩散理论得到超前导管注浆半径,由此提出托顶煤巷道超前导管预注浆帮顶联合控制技术,成功控制易片冒托顶煤巷道顶板冒落问题,可为类似地质条件的托顶煤巷道顶板控制提供借鉴。

闽南沿海红砖民居屋顶构造工艺研究

闽南沿海红砖民居的屋顶多以红瓦覆盖,在当地自然、人文等因素的影响下,发展出独具地域特色的形态特征和构造工艺,蕴含着深厚的建构思想与营造智慧。文章采用田野调研、匠师访谈等方法,从屋顶各部位的构造特征入手,归纳材料种类、尺寸与砌筑方式,探究其设计规律与原理,梳理构造做法的地域差异,总结构造设计与防雨、排水、抗风等实用功能的关联,以期为今后的相关研究以及遗产保护工作提供参考。

我国不同类别煤层顶板水害致灾机理与防控路径

我国是世界上成煤和赋存条件最复杂的国家,煤层顶板水文地质条件的多样性和复杂性,采动覆岩裂隙场与渗流场耦合的相互性和时变性以及煤层顶板突水的独特性和危害性,造成顶板水害是我国尤其是西部煤矿区的主要矿井灾害之一。为了更好地认识顶板水害和推广现有技术和探索新技术防控此类矿井灾害,在全面分析近年来我国煤层顶板水害事故规律与顶板充水含水层的赋存条件、突水模式、动力特征、力学行为等基础上,系统划分了顶板水害的类型、特征、主要类别的致灾机理及梳理了现有顶板水害的防治技术,并展望了未来顶板水害防治领域的发展方向。研究发现:①顶板水害主体架构包括巨厚基岩含水层涌(淋)水、薄基岩弱胶结层水-砂耦合溃涌、离层空间蓄水储能突水、天窗补给型突水、围岩烧变增透致突等5种类别,集中分布于秦岭—淮河沿线以北地区,陕、蒙、宁是顶板水害主要聚集地。②采动诱发巨厚基岩含水层下覆岩原生裂隙互馈-贯通发育“Z”型离层空间,导致采场出现大面积涌(淋)水现象;基于复合关键层破断力学条件,阐明了薄基岩弱胶结层水-砂耦合溃涌致灾的动力源;构建了离层失稳突水临界判别准则,将离层突水划分为静载扰动、“动+静”载复合扰动、复合煤层开采重复扰动3种模式;红土隔水层缺失及红土薄弱区采动劣化损伤是产生天窗越流补给的主要根源;围岩烧变增透,孔隙度增大,接受临近水源补水后形成新的含水结构体,在采动诱发下烧变岩水涌入采场发生水害事故。③梳理了当前煤层顶板水害“探-放-治”三位一体的解危防控技术体系,提出了井上下共轭联动、钻-采(掘)高位协同地质勘探系统,以防治水“三区”划分为导向的地质保障工作,“煤-水-生态”多目标齐抓共管的绿色开采和防治水理念,以及数智化、透明化矿山水文地质灾害信息维护系统等未来发展方向。

基于BIM的屋面广场砖整砖排布技术研究与应用

对将BIM技术用于屋面工程中的广场砖进行深化设计,做到屋面分区均匀合理,坡度准确,排水系统流畅,整体协调,美观大方。而且对排砖的前期工作和施工阶段都起到一个良好的指导作用。在分析目前国内普遍使用CAD软件进行排砖所存在问题的基础上,以广西某医院住院楼A栋为分析对象,应用BIM技术对其进行三维模拟排砖,提出BIM模拟排砖最佳施工方案,该技术不仅提高排砖效率,而且其过程形象、直观。从而有效地解决目前传统软件CAD排砖中存在的排砖效率低下,不够形象直观等问题。BIM技术的应用不仅提高整个屋面的美观度更是在屋面施工精细化管理、节省材料等方面发挥作用,达到指导创优的目标,值得普及推广。

台风工况下施工过程各阶段金属屋面抗风揭技术

作为建筑物重要的维护结构之一,金属屋面在台风等极端自然天气条件下的抗风性能尤为关键。因此,针对台风工况下施工过程中各阶段金属屋面的抗风揭技术进行了研究分析,提出了一系列有效的技术方案和加固措施,以提高金属屋面在台风工况下的抗风性能和安全性能,减少台风造成的损失和风险,为保护人民生命财产安全和促进可持续发展做出积极的贡献。

建筑屋面保温隔热防水施工技术探析

伴随着工程施工技术的不断进步,在目前的建筑工程中,对屋面结构的设计和施工也变得更加重视起来,采取适当的施工技术能够有效地减少施工中的难度,同时还能得到更高的施工质量。本文采用文献分析法重点讨论了屋面结构中的保温隔热和防水工程施工工艺,分析保温隔热的几种主要方式,并结合实际案例,对其具体的施工技术进行了详细的分析,以期在未来的工程中可以得到推广。

“L型”疏放水系统构建及其在松散层防治水中的应用

矿井突水在矿井生产中始终是一个安全隐患,特别是对于顶板松散含水层,处理不当可能会发生溃水溃砂事故。为确保研究区薄基岩厚松散含水层下煤层的安全开采,采用疏降或疏干含水层水是一种有效方法,但井下疏放受松散含水层塌孔影响无法顺利实施。以赵家寨矿为例,通过“L型”顶板水疏放系统构建,将上覆新近系松散含水层水由顶板水转化为底板水,从井下巷道排出,解决了薄基岩厚松散含水层下煤层综放开采问题,实现了工作面的安全回采。该技术的成功应用,对类似水文地质条件下的煤层开采具有推广价值。

新建地铁车站密贴下穿长久运营车站预支顶开挖构筑技术

为保证新建车站密贴下穿长久运营车站改扩建施工的安全稳定,以北京地铁东四十条站改扩建工程为背景,提出适用于城市高风险区近接长久运营结构施工的预支顶开挖构筑工法,借助既有结构状态检验、数值模拟、现场监测等方法验证了预支顶开挖构筑工法的实用性。结果表明,(1)预支顶开挖构筑工艺包括结构状态检验、敏感/薄弱部位加固、施工参数优化、预支顶结构施作和现场量测等工序,可用于复杂环境下城市高风险区地铁车站、城市隧道新建、改建、扩建工程近接长久运营既有线路、建(构)筑物工程等诸多变形控制要求苛刻、场地条件严苛的施工中。(2)新建3号线东四十条站密贴下穿长久运营车站工程采用预支顶构筑法后,运营2号线车站竖向最大变形1.28 mm,横向变形0.5 mm;预留3号线车站结构竖向变形-1.01 mm,横向变形0.5 mm;所有监测指标均在安全阈值内,优选出的PBA四导洞直墙平顶方案成功穿越既有长久运营车站。(3)预支顶构筑法保证了新建3号线东四十条站密贴下穿长久运营车站施工的安全稳定。

厚煤层综放面切顶留巷关键参数研究及其工程应用

【目的】解决工作面采用混凝土柔模充填技术沿空留巷后巷道稳定性问题。【方法】采用“柔模充填+聚能爆破预裂技术”。基于工作面顶板覆岩特征,综合运用理论分析和数值模拟的方法,结合现场施工条件,确定了切顶高度20.5 m、切顶角度5°的深孔预裂爆破方案。【结果】研究结果表明,切顶后煤壁内弹塑性交界线内移,内应力场范围增大,高位砌体梁结构作用明显。随切顶高度的增加,充填体支护阻力和围岩变形量先减小后稳定;随切顶角度的增加,充填体支护阻力和围岩变形量不断增大。现场切顶施工后围岩变形量相比不切顶时顶底板移近量减少了56%,两帮移近量减少了72%,减少了后期维护成本,可为同类条件下煤矿切顶留巷提供经验参考。

武汉纺织大学图书馆屋面防水翻修设计与施工技术

武汉纺织大学阳光校区图书馆竣工已有18年,因屋面防水卷材老化失效,女儿墙根破损,落水管口堵塞,天沟和屋面积水,导致屋面渗漏现象严重,影响正常使用。学校决定对图书馆所有屋面进行整体防水翻修。本文重点介绍了图书馆屋面防水翻修设计方案及施工技术控制要点,强化现场管理,逐层施工,做好细部处理和闭水试验,以不渗漏和经久耐用为目标,验收合格后经历几场大雨,使用至今未发生渗漏现象。

甜水堡煤矿煤巷支护参数与设备工艺优化研究

目前巷道快速掘进技术研究主要针对巷道快速掘进的影响因素、设备优化等,对巷道空顶距、支护参数、施工工艺联合优化的研究较少。针对该问题,以甘肃省环县甜水堡煤矿2号井1309工作面回风巷为研究对象,对煤巷支护参数与设备工艺优化方法进行研究。分析了巷道掘进各工序的用时特征,得出掘进、永久支护、临时支护用时最多,占比分别为25.3%,49.9%,6.2%;以耗时最长的3个工序为重点优化方向,构建了掘进工作面空顶区顶板力学模型,得出掘进工作面理论最大空顶距为2.32 m,考虑现场受设备、地质、工艺等因素影响,确定空顶距为2.0 m;根据不同支护方案下巷道围岩应力、变形、塑性区的分布特征,结合巷道高效掘进需求,确定最佳锚杆间排距为800 mm×1000 mm。结合巷道实际的地质条件,配套优化了掘进设备、临时支护工艺与施工工艺。现场试验结果表明,优化后最大日进尺由8 m提高到10 m,巷道掘进速度提高了25%;巷道围岩变形基本处于稳定状态,最大变形量为226 mm。优化方案不仅保证了巷道的安全稳定,还显著提高了巷道的掘进速度。